三級語法考點總結(jié)

1、. 三級考試語法考點一、 時態(tài)和語態(tài)1. 時態(tài)：共有16種時態(tài)，其中的特殊用法：（1）用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作：在由連詞even if，unless，as soon as，if，when，in case，before，after，until，once，the moment，as long as等引出的狀語從句中，謂語動詞一般不用will或shall來表示將來的動作，僅用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g. She will come to see you the moment she _ her work. (finish)注:某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按預定計劃或時刻表在短時期內(nèi)將發(fā)生的動作。

2、這類動詞有：be, go, come, leave, start, depart, arrive, return等。e.g. The train _ at five sharp. (leave)(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時：連用的特殊狀語和固定句型： 狀語詞組：this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present, all this year, all ones life等。 副詞：just, already, yet, ever, now, before, often, lately, re

3、cently等。 固定句型： This/ That/ It +is the first (or second, etc.) time + that/ when . +現(xiàn)在完成時； This is the +最高級+名詞+that+. + 現(xiàn)在完成時； This is the only+名詞+that+. 現(xiàn)在完成時。注：在這三種結(jié)構(gòu)中若主句謂語是過去式，從句就用過去完成時。e.g. It was the second time I _ the film. (see)(3) 過去完成時：所連用的狀語和固定句型有： 用在過去范圍內(nèi)的短語或句子：by (the time/ the end of) +

4、表示過去時間的短語或句子；before, since, until, when( +句子)等加上表示過去時間的短語或句子。e.g. By 1995 she _ a famous writer. (become) By the time I left the school, I _ English for 5 years. (teach) 固定句型：hardly (scarcely)+ 過去完成時+ when+過去式；no sooner+過去完成時+than+過去式。（4）將來完成時：所連用的狀語：by (the time/ the end of) +表示將來時間的短語或句子；before th

5、e end of +表示將來時間的短語或句子; when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子。e.g. Perhaps I _ reading the book by this time tomorrow. (finish)（5）英語中將來時間的表示除will / shall +v. 形式外，還有： be going to+ v. 表示不太明確的意圖、打算。 be to + v. 表示正式的安排、指示、命令、禁止等。e.g. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. be about to + v. 表示不久的將來要發(fā)生的事情。e.g.

6、 I feel that something terrible is about to happen.1. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding2. Until then, _ his family_ from him for six months.A. didnt. hear B. hasnt. been hearing C. hasnt. he

7、ar D. hadnt .heard3. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking4. He is one of the brightest student who _ from our school. A. graduates B. graduated C.have graduated D. has graduated5. N

8、o sooner _ we _ than we found it was time to go.A. did. sit down B. have. sat down C. had. sat down D. do. sit down6. By the end of last month I _ more than 50 films.A. had seen B. saw C. was seeing D. have seen7. My train arrives in New York at 8 o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take

9、from there _ by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left8. We _ nearly a thousand miles when we reach London.A. travel B. shall have traveled C. have traveled D. are traveling 2. 語態(tài)（主動和被動）被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be done注：有的動詞用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義：act, clean, cook, draw, iron, keep, read, sell, wash, wea

10、r等。e.g. His novel sells well. In summer meat wont keep long.練習：1)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A. designed B. has been designedC. will be designed D. will have been designed2)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema. A) will already have started B) would

11、already have startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken4) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found5)“Have you moved in to the new

12、 flat?” “Not yet. The room_”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted8. Mary got angry when she realized she _ .A. was being made fun of B. is made fun of C. has been making fun of D. made fun of二、情態(tài)動詞 ( can, could, may, might, must, ought, need, dare, dared, used to)should/ ou

13、ght to have donemight/ could have donemust have done cant have doneneednt have done1. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. (be)2. With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. (go)3. You _ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. (do)三、 動詞不定式(to do)1

14、. 在句中可做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語。 It is important for us to have a good command of language.I found out where to buy clothes cheaply.He encouraged us to try again.We found it impossible to cheat him.Thats the best way to solve the problem.They were sad to hear the bad news.2. 考查不定式的完成式，進行式和被動式。1) Mr. Brown

15、is supposed _ for Italy last week. (leave)2) Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time. (get worse)3) Mr. Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do. (give)4) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed _ off the mountain. (blow)3. 后面直接跟不定式的動詞：agree, ask, aim, arrange, c

16、hoose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish.四、動名詞1. 動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語。 Its no use waiting.Would you mind opening the door?My favorite sport is swimming.2. 動名詞的完成時式和被動式1）He didnt mention _ me in Beijing. (meet)2) He didnt mi

17、nd _ alone in the classroom. (leave)3. 只跟動名詞的動詞有：admit, include, acknowledge, risk, avoid, appreciate, consider, deny, escape, fancy, favour, hate, understand, miss, resent, delay, suggest, endure, imagine, mind, mention, dislike, postpone, excuse, practise, involve, confess, enjoy4. 動名詞的一些慣用法：1）mak

18、e a point of v. ing2) Its no use (good/ fun) v.-ing3) have difficulty/ trouble/ fun/a good time (in) v.-ing練習：1. They are considering _ before the price go up.A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house2. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks

19、traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined3. Its no use _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having told五、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）1. 分詞的句法功能：主要起形容詞和副詞作用，可在句中作表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。The present situation is encouraging.Knowing that sh

20、e wouldnt be able to buy food on her journey she took large supplies with her.She has never heard Spanish spoken before.People wishing to visit the caves must meet at 8:00.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主動和進行；過去分詞：表示被動與完成。_ food (freeze)a _ wind (freeze)a _ country (develop)a _ country (develop)I saw two wo

21、rkers _ trees. (plant)I found trees _ everywhere on the campus. (plant)3.分詞的考查要點：（一） 分詞作狀語，可表示時間（分詞前可加when引導）、原因、條件、方式、讓步、伴隨等。分詞短語的邏輯主語要與句子主語保持一致。1. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded2. _ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A.

22、 To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving3. _ with the size of whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing（二）分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：如果分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的話，分詞短語前需帶其邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。1. A new technique _, the yields as a whole inc

23、reased by 20 per cent.A. working out B. having working out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out2. All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered3. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _ it cl

24、osely.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. being followed4. The train _, they missed the plane.A. was late B. be late C. being late D. to be late（三）分詞短語作定語和補語 (注意判斷分詞與所修飾的名詞的主被動關系)1. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.A. to correc

25、t B. correcting C. having corrected D. being corrected2. The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on.A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing3. He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. waited C. on waiting D. waiting（四）With +名詞/ 代詞 + V-ed/ V-ing1. He rushed

26、 into the room, his face _ with sweat.A. was covered B. covered C. to be covered D. covering2. With more people _ them, they will be able to finish the task ahead of time.A. was helping B. helping C. helped D. to help六、定語從句 從形式上看，定語從句是名詞性中心語的修飾語，它由關系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）或關系副詞（when, w

27、here，why）引導的從句構(gòu)成，可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1. 限制性定語從句：關系代詞有：who, whom, whose，that，which。修飾人一般用who, whom，有時用that。修飾物，大都用關系代詞that，有時用which。This is the man _ helped me.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.Do you know the man _name is John?The building _ stands near the river is our school.The room

28、 _ there is a machine is workshop.2. 非限定性定語從句：用逗號與其修飾的名詞分開，關系代詞絕不能省。修飾人時用who，whom或whose，修飾物時用which。I have two sisters, _ are both students.I lost my pen, _ I like very much.The rain rattled on the roof all night, _ kept him awake.3. as 引導的定語從句：（1）限制性定語從句中，常以the same . as, the same as, such as, such

29、as等形式出現(xiàn)。as在句子充當主語、賓語或表語。The final result was not such as we had expected.(2)非限制性定語從句中，as 代替整個主句或主句的謂語部分，可與which互用。但as引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which引導的從句一般不能出現(xiàn)在句首。 She won the highest scholarship, _ was expected._ we all know, he studies very hard.(3) as 的固定形式As is well-known,As has been pointed out,As often ha

30、ppens,.As is often the case, 1_ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.A. As B. That C. It D. What2. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. what is needed B. the thing needed C. for our need D. that is needed3. The residents, _ had been damaged by th

31、e flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of their homes B. all whose homes C. all of whose homes D. all of their homes4. The goals _ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A. after which B. for which C. with which D. at which七、狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的連詞：when, as, while, before, af

32、ter, since, till (until), as soon as, hardly when, no sooner than 引導時間狀語從句的名詞詞組：the instant, the moment, the minute, the time, every time等。 引導原因狀語從句的連詞：as, seeing that(由于)，in that（因為)，considering that, for the reason that, now that, not that but that（不是因為，而是因為）等。 引導目的狀語從句的連詞：in order that, lest, in

33、case, for fear that等。 引導條件狀語從句的連詞：as/ so long as, unless, assuming (that), on condition (that), providing/ provided (that), suppose/ supposing that, granting/ granted that 等。 “主補+as（though）+主語+謂語動詞”引導讓步狀語從句，表示倒裝。1. you see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instance B.

34、 for an instance C. on the instant D. in an instant2. Liquids are like solids _ they have a definite volume.A. in that B. for that C. with that D. at that3. Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money.A. lest B. until C. unless D. provided4. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your t

35、est scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom test.A. when B. since C. before D. after5. _, he can recite more than 100 poems.A. A child as he is B. A child as he is C. Child as he is D. Child as is he八、名詞性從句 包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。1. Who did that is known to all.2. The question is

36、 who can complete the difficult task.3. That she will soon be well again is our hope.4. The news that our team has won the match is true.九、虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就學英語了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！在下列表示具有“愿望、建議、命令、請求”等主觀意向的動詞、形容詞、名詞、過去分詞等之后的從

37、句中，需用虛擬語氣。形式是“should + 動詞原形”,或省去“should”，直接用動詞原形。（一）虛擬語氣用于賓語從句常用的動詞有：suggest, propose, desire, request, advise, command, demand, insist, require, order, recommend, beg, prefer, pray, move, maintain, stipulate, direct.1. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform

38、 B. informs C. informed D. has informed2. He suggested _ to tomorrows exhibition together.A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go（二）虛擬語氣用于主語從句常用的形容詞有：necessary,. important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, crucial, strange.It is + adj. +從句常用的分詞有：suggeste

39、d, proposed, demanded, required, requested, desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved.It is +a./v.ed +that 1. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent 2. It was proposed that the matter _ discussed

40、at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. would D. be3. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started(三) 虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句常見的名詞有：suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request, recommendat

41、ion, requirement, insistence, stipulation, necessity, command 1. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put off B. was put offC. should put off D. is to put off2. My suggestion is that we _ a special board to examine the problem.A. will set up B. are to set up C. set up D. must set

42、 up(四) 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。 如果假設的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如:     If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件

43、事的。(事實上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。) 在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。現(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動詞形式列表如下:時間從句謂語主句謂語與過去事實相反had donewould(could,might,should)+have done與現(xiàn)在事實相反didwould(could,might,should)+v.與將來事實相反did或were to或should+dowould(could,might,should)+v.例句：1. had you been here yesterday, you would have seen her.2. were

44、I you, I would study hard.3. If it rained /were to rain /should rain tomorrow, we would call off the game.注：（1）有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致（表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣），這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。If we had repaired the TV yesterday, we would be watching it now.（2）如果從句中有were，had，should時，可省掉if，用“were，had，should + 主語”形式。（3）用介

45、詞短語代替條件狀語從句。with，without，but for，or，otherwise，except for，under the condition，in the position of等。Without air (= If there were no air, ), there would be no living things.But for your help (=If it had not been for your help, ) I couldnt have done it.1. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we sho

46、uld have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Were they arrivingC. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive2. _ for my illness I would have lent him helping hand.A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been3. _ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination

47、on time.A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of4. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephoned B. must have telephonedC. would telephone D. had telephoned（五）虛擬語氣的其它用法1. It is (high, about) time 句型，表示“早該做某事而已經(jīng)有點晚了”。從句中動詞用過去時。Its time _ about the traffi

48、c problem downtown.A. something was done B. anything will be doneC. everything is done D. nothing to be done2. if only 引起的感嘆句，表示“但愿，該 就好了”。would rather 后跟從句，表示“寧愿,還是 好些”“某人寧愿別人做某事”。如果表示的事實與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?，動詞用一般過去時；事實與過去相反，動詞用過去完成時。Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.A. follow B.

49、had followed C. would follow D. have followedJohn wants to see me today. I would rather he _ to tomorrow than today.A. will come B. comes C. came D. would come3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case引導的目的狀語從句，謂語用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)為（should）+v.原形。The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himsel

50、f.A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure練習、虛擬語氣1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, would      B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send     D. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had

51、 started, would be     B. started, might beC. had started, would have been   D. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him up  B. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring

52、him up   D. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn' t be    B. had been ill; wouldn't have beenC. had been ill; should have been   D. hadn't been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I

53、 _ it some other way.A. will do          B. would do   C. would have done   D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.   A. could tell; if it had been    B. must have told; were it   C. should

54、 have told; had it been   D. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we_ so much.   A. won ' t achieve          B. didn ' t achieve   C. don't achieve           D. wouldn't

55、 have achieved8. You didn't take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.   A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made  B. If you had taken; would make    C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did wh

56、en we were at high school.   A. did   B. could have done  C. have done  D. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.    A. went   B. would go   C. had gone  D. were going11. Tom is very short now. His moth

57、er wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.    A. could         B. should    C. would         D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.    A. could       

58、;  B. must    C. should         D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is given  B. must give   C. should give     D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fang's sugge

59、stion that he _ Mr. Li to the party?   A. will invite           B. have invited     C. is invited            D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once.    A. be gone        &#