英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞種類和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、動(dòng)詞種類動(dòng)詞種類 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）、連系英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（行為動(dòng)詞）、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。春考考點(diǎn)鏈接：春考考點(diǎn)鏈接：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might，ought to的用法。的用法。(2)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類1._2._3._4._行為動(dòng)詞(及物和不及物）sleep, buy, clean, go連系動(dòng)詞（系動(dòng)詞+形容詞）be, 感官動(dòng)詞，keep, stay, ge

2、t, become, seem助動(dòng)詞do, does, did, have, be，will, shall情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（加動(dòng)詞原形）能夠， 可能/以，必須， 將要， 應(yīng)該can may must will shallcould might have to would should類別類別特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)意義意義舉例舉例實(shí)義動(dòng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞 (vt. vi.)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞(link-v)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞(aux. v.)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (mod. v.) 按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ)須跟賓語(yǔ)一起才能表達(dá)須跟賓語(yǔ)一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思完整的意思

3、i have a book.不及物動(dòng)詞不能不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接接賓語(yǔ)直接接賓語(yǔ)能能獨(dú)立獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)she always comes late.跟表語(yǔ)跟表語(yǔ)不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟表不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成完整意思語(yǔ)構(gòu)成完整意思i am a student.跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞（無(wú)詞匯意義無(wú)詞匯意義）不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟主要?jiǎng)硬荒塥?dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)，否詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)，否定及各種時(shí)態(tài)定及各種時(shí)態(tài)he doesnt speak chinese.i am watching tv.跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）的詞匯意思）we can do it b

4、y ourselves.that would be better.不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化人稱和數(shù)的變化 ()1. the food tastes _. dont eat it.a. badb. badly()2. that sounds _.a. wellb. good()3. im not feeling _ now.a. wellb. goodaba連系動(dòng)詞：后加形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動(dòng)詞：后加形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 well adj. 身體好 adv. 好（表示做的質(zhì)量好），形容詞 是good()4. i _ g

5、et up until 9:00 this morninga. didntb. wasnt()5. _ you from zhanjiang?a. dob. are()6. mary _ know me.a. dontb. isntc. doesnt()7. you went to school, _ you?a. dontb. doc. didnt d. did()8. i _ read the book before.a. amb. havec. has ()9. i _ to leave the party.a. am askedb. askedcbacbaa()10. i have _

6、 living here for 3 years.a. been livingb. have live 春考考點(diǎn)：春考考點(diǎn)：掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：本身情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：本身無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，但，但have to除外。除外。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)和否定：疑問(wèn)句，將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前；否情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)和否定：疑問(wèn)句，將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前；否定句，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加定句，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,可縮寫(xiě)?？煽s寫(xiě)。have to例外：疑問(wèn)句例外：疑問(wèn)句: do/does/did +

7、sb. + have to 否定句否定句: do/does/did not +have tocan may must will shallcould have to would should need春考真題鏈接：（2005）-may i put the car at the entrance to the supermarket? -no ，you_. a neednt b cant c must d wouldnt (2009) -who is that boy reading in the garden? -it david .he has gone to shanghai with h

8、is friends. a cant b may not c mustnt d will not（2010）its quite early .we _worry about the time. a neednt b may not c mustnt d cant (2011)may i use your computer? sorry ，you_. it doesnt work now. a neednt b cant c must d wouldnt (2014) .-our class won the english speaking contest. -congratulations!y

9、 ou_ be very proud of it. a.may b.must c.neednt d.cant常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法 原形（過(guò)去式）用法含義例句can (could)表示能力(= be able to)能；會(huì)tom can swim. =tom is able to swim. 湯姆會(huì)游泳。(疑問(wèn)句中)表示請(qǐng)求可以can/could you give us a hand? 你可以幫我們一下嗎？（否定句中）表示猜測(cè)cant不可能the boy cant be jim. hes much taller. 這個(gè)男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。原形（過(guò)去式）用法含義例句may (

10、might)表示可能性(可與maybe互換)可能tony may know the way. =maybe tony knows the way. 托尼可能知道路。表示客氣請(qǐng)求(比can 正式）可以may i come in? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？表示祝愿祝may you be happy! 祝你快樂(lè)！原形(過(guò)去式)用法含義例句must 表示義務(wù)、命令或要求必須we must tell the truth to our parents. 我們必須告訴父母真相。表示肯定的猜測(cè)（否定猜測(cè)用cant ）一定lisa must be at home. 莉薩一定在家里。(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的狀況)you must be

11、 kidding! 你一定是在開(kāi)玩笑！(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的狀況) they must have seen the movie. 他們一定看過(guò)這部電影。(推測(cè)過(guò)去的狀況)原形（過(guò)去式）用法含義例句shall(should)shall. . . ? 用于第一人稱，表示建議或請(qǐng)求好嗎？shall we ask the teacher for help? 我們向老師尋求幫助好嗎？should用于各種人稱，強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任應(yīng)該students shouldnt have long hair. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)該留長(zhǎng)發(fā)。原形（過(guò)去式）用法含義例句will（would）用于第二人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示征求意見(jiàn)或提建議愿意

12、will/would you please take out the trash? 你可以把垃圾拿出去嗎？will用于各種人稱，表示意愿your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母會(huì)盡最大努力幫助你?？键c(diǎn)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法：1. must：一定2. can/could/may/might：可能（四個(gè)詞可能程度遞減）3. cant ： “一定不”1.那一定是tom。it _ _ tom.2. 那一定不是tom.it _ _ tom.3. 那可能不是tom.it _ _ _ tom.must becant bemay not be例 -

13、 i think miss gao must be in the library. she said she would go there. - no. she _ be there, i have just been there.a.cant b.mustnt c.neednt d.wouldnt考點(diǎn)二： 由 can、could、may、must構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句1.-can / could i use your pen? - yes, you _ a. canb. could 注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示比原形更委婉的語(yǔ)氣。所以由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示比原形更委婉的語(yǔ)氣。所以由could 引導(dǎo)的表示

14、請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句的回答用引導(dǎo)的表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句的回答用can.2. 對(duì) may 引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：yes, of course.yes, certainly.sure .no, you mustnt.no, you cant. 3.對(duì)must/ need 引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答方式為： yes, must. no, neednt-must /need i finish my homework?我必須完成作業(yè)嗎？-no, you neednt. 不，你不必。-yes， you must . 是的，你必須完成。 ()1. -must i finish all of them? - no, y

15、ou _. a. mustntb. needntbmust 的兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)：1.它引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用must; 否定回答用neednt; dont have to2.mustnt的意思是“禁止”，表示不允許，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，通常表示規(guī)定、法律等。3.表示肯定猜測(cè)()1. it _ be toms book because his names on it.a. mustb. can()2. it _ be broken, but im not sure.a. mustb. may( ) 3. the house should _ right now. a. cleanb. be cleaned

16、( )4. - must he eat all the things? - no, he _. a. mustntb. needntbabb- need he start from the beginning? - yes, he must. - no, he neednt 1.1.作作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí), ,僅用于否定或疑問(wèn)句僅用于否定或疑問(wèn)句, ,后接動(dòng)詞原形后接動(dòng)詞原形, ,表表“需要需要”考點(diǎn)三：考點(diǎn)三：need you neednt return the book now.2.2.作作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí), ,表示表示“需要需要”，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化化

17、he needs to finish it this evening. the classroom needs cleaning.考點(diǎn)四：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。 如： you neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。she shouldnt speak t her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說(shuō)話。more and more trees must be planted in china.

18、在中國(guó)必須種植更多的樹(shù)木。many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到， 因?yàn)樗鼈冸x 我們太遠(yuǎn)了。習(xí)題精講習(xí)題精講1. you _ stop when the traffic light turns red. a. can b. had better c. need d. must【解析解析】選選d。must是是“必須，不得不必須，不得不”，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的when the traffic light turns red可知是可知是“你必須你必須”。2.is that

19、girl under the tree mary? no, that _ be mary. she is in new york. a. can b. mustnt c. cant【解析解析】選選c。由答語(yǔ)。由答語(yǔ)“她在紐約。她在紐約。”可知，那個(gè)女孩不可能可知，那個(gè)女孩不可能是瑪麗，故用是瑪麗，故用cant。3. mom, must i finish my homework now? no, you _. you may have supper first. a. mustnt b. neednt c. cant【解析解析】選選b。句意：。句意：媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須完成家庭作業(yè)媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須完成家庭作業(yè)嗎？嗎？不，你不需要。你可以先吃飯。對(duì)不，你不需要。你可以先吃飯。對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，否定回答時(shí)常用問(wèn)句，否定回答時(shí)常用no, . . . neednt, 故選故選b。4.will you stay for some more days? sorry, i _. my mother called to ask me to go back at once. a. mustnt b.