Chemistry雙語化學教案

1、NuclearChemicalPhysicalReaction TypesProtons& Neutronschange Bondsmade/ broken Electrons exchangedNo change in atoms phase change DensitySubstances can be identified by their properties.ChemicalReaction Types Bonds are made / broken Change in oxidation statesP+1 P+1 21 Li+1Chemical BondsStrong W

2、eakCation an ion with a positive charge.Anion an ion with a Negative charge.AION+- Li FIonic bond 2121 Li FIonic bond 2121 Li+1 F-1Ionic bond 2121The attraction between a cation and an anion.CationsH+HydrogenNa+SodiumMg+2MagnesiumCa+2CalciumAg+1SilverFe+2Iron (II) FerrousFe+3Iron (III) FerricCu+1Cop

3、per (I) CuprousCu+2Copper (II) CupricNH4+Ammoniummo CationsF-1FluorideCl-1ChlorideBr-1BromideI-1IodideAnionsThe HalogensPO4-3PhosphateSiO4-2SilicateSO4-2SulfateMoO4-3MolybdateB4O7-2BorateAnionsOH-1HydroxideNO2-1NitriteNO3-1NitrateSALT - a Cation and an Anion held together by an ionic bond.An enginee

4、r searching for a material to develop a new kind of “indestructible” eyeglass frame would desire what characteristics? High hardness, high elasticity, high brittleness. Low elasticity, high brittleness. Low brittleness, high hardness, high elasticity. High brittleness, low hardness, low elasticity.

5、None of the aboveIce cubes float in a glass of water because:a.the ice is losing mass through the melting process.b.the colder ice is more dense.c.liquid water is less dense than ice cubes.d.the molecules of ice are arranged in an orderly way so that there is an unusually large amount of empty space

6、 in the ice cubes.e.None of the aboveA hot air balloon rises because molecules become lighter when heated. molecules move faster and farther apart when heated. molecules are less attracted by gravity when heated. molecules become charged and repel each other when heated. The solid, liquid, and gaseo

7、us states of water differ from each other in the mass of the individual atoms. the size of the individual atoms. the net electrical charge of the individual molecules. the average speed of movement of the individual molecules. The molecules in a test tube filled with cold water move more slowly than

8、 the molecules in a large tank of warm water. What is responsible for this difference in molecule speed? pressure volume weight heatHeat can cause ice to change to liquid water byfilling the spaces between molecules. causing molecules to move faster and farther apart. increasing the distance between

9、 electrons within molecules. increasing the attraction between moleculesIf you saw an ice cube sink after it was placed in what you thought was a glass of water, which question should you probably ask? What kind of liquid is in the glass? Will the ice melt slower or quicker? How fast did the ice cub

10、e sink? How soon would the ice cube start to float? What will happen if you mix vinegar and baking soda? It will explode. Nothing will happen. It will bubble up rapidly. It will turn bright red. Which is a metric unit for density? g/cm cm/g g/cm3 cm3/g When a gas forms a liquid, which process is tak

11、ing place? freezing condensation boiling evaporation Which unit correctly describes density? pounds/square inch kilograms/square meter milligrams/square centimeter grams/milliliter Based on the melting points shown in the table, which material would still be a solid at 400C? beeswax gold lead oxygen

12、 Substance Melting Point (C)Beeswax 62gold 1,063lead 327oxygen 218A chemical change for a piece of metal would be being bent in half. getting cut into two pieces. being painted. getting rusty. Which symbolizes a molecule of a compound?He Be N2 NaCl Putting sand and salt together makes a compound. an

13、 element. a mixture. a solution. Plastic, wood, and iron are all made up of cells. atoms. carbon. plants. Water is a compound. an element. a solution. a mixture. An atom is to an element, as a molecule is to a metal. nonmetal. metalloid. compound.1981 Pennies1985 PenniesMass(g)Volume(cm3)3.50.9Mass(

14、g)Volume(cm3)2.50.9In 1982, the composition of US pennies was changed. According to the information in the table, 1985 pennies are more dense than 1981 pennies. are less dense than 1981 pennies. are equal in density to 1981 pennies. cannot be compared to 1981 pennies All of the substances on the per

15、iodic table are classified as elements because theyare pure substances. are composed of atoms. cannot be broken down into other substances. cannot be dissolved in water or other liquids. Salt (NaCl) is a common substance. Salt is which of these? atom element compound mixture Each element is assigned

16、 an atomic number, which is the same as the number of electrons in the atoms nucleus. the number of protons in the atoms nucleus. the number of neutrons in the atoms nucleus. the number of protons and neutrons in the atoms nucleusMr. Davis performs a chemical reaction for the class. Which of these d

17、oes NOT show evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred ? Change in color Change in shape Formation of gas Formation of a precipitateWhich is the correct symbol for the element sodium? S Se Cl Na Which statement is usually true about the electrical properties of metals? Metals have high electric

18、al resistance. Lightweight metals are the best conductors. Metals and plastics are both good insulators. Metals are good electrical conductors. Students poured different liquids to see how the liquids became layered. The denser liquids at the bottom, the lighter liquids at the top. What tool was use

19、d in this experiment? a balance scale a thermometer a magnet a graduated cylinder Tom places four objects in a tank of water. He makes the following observations. Which statement is correct based on Toms observations?The rock and the chalk have a density greater than water. The rock and the chalk ha

20、ve a density less than water.The cork and the can of soda have a density equal to water. The cork and the can of soda have a density greater than waterA cork floats.A soda can floats.A rock sinks.A piece of chalk sinks. The chemical symbol Al represents The chemical symbol Al represents which metal

21、on the periodic table?which metal on the periodic table? arsenic arsenic antimony antimony aurum aurum aluminum aluminum P+1 Covalent bond when two atoms share a pair of electrons. P+1 Covalent bond when two atoms share a pair of electrons.P+1 P+1 Its like both atoms have a filled orbital.Covalent B

22、ondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.(or even 2 or 3 pairs of electrons).H2Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.Li2When one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms combine, what forms? a different atom a different element a molecule a neutronCovalent BondThe sharing

23、 of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.Cl2Common chemicalsH2O2NH3NaOHNaClO I2Metallic Bond the sharing of valence electrons by neighboring metal atoms. Oxygen naturally occurs in which physical state? solid liquid gas plasma ChemicalReaction Types Bonds are made / broken Change in oxidation states

24、PlasmaP+1 P+1 21 Li+1Chemical properties/ changes/ reactions (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color).ReactivityCombustibilityGas formation PrecipitateColor changeA difference between physical change and chemical change is that chemical

25、 change involves energy while physical change does not. physical change involves energy while chemical change does not. different kinds of molecules are present after a physical change but not after a chemical change. different kinds of molecules are present after a chemical change but not after a p

26、hysical changeReactivityThe tendency to undergo a chemical change.ree ack tih vih THLiNaBeMgBAlCSiNPOSFClHeNeArMoLessMoLessCalorimetercrystal labcarbohydrate labfatty acid labamino acid labconvection labdensity labdensity II labradioactive decay labWhich picture shows only a physical change in the w

27、ood? Hydrogen-VERY reactive. Helium-Non-reactive.On the periodic table, nitrogen is represented by N (atomic number 7). N is a chemical equation. period. symbol. group (family). Combustion - chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, producing and light (flames).CombustibilityThe tendency to r

28、eact with Oxygen, releasing heat.O2 BURNINGH + O2C + O2N + O2O + O2Si + O2Fe + O2Common OxidesH2ONO2CO2O3SiO2Fe2O3Which action would result in a chemical change? crumpling several sheets of paper pounding a nail into a piece of wood peeling and slicing a carrot making blueberry muffins Metals and No

29、n-metals prefer to react with each other.One loses electrons, the other gets electrons.determine how it will react with other substances. produce new substances which have new properties. Lithium Fluorine ChemicalReaction Types Bonds are made / broken Change in oxidation states PlasmaP+1 P+1 21 Li+1

30、evidence of Chemical Change: development of a gas formation of precipitate change in colorNOT a Chemical Change:crystalization fizz fluorescencePrecipitate the formation of insoluble ionic compounds.Does NOT dissolve in water.HappinesHappines UnhappyUnstableHIGH energyHappyStableLOW energyReactants

31、Products(unstable) (stable)Reactants Products(stable) (unstable)energyenergyYou get up in the morning and make toast for breakfast. You notice the color changes from light to dark. Later on that day in science class, your teachers asks for every day examples of physical and chemical changes. Should

32、you volunteer your toast as an example of a physical or chemical change? Why? A different chemical substance is formed when a piece of cloth is cut. cup breaks. candle burns. piece of chalk breaks. Lucy noticed that her coin collection had begun to tarnish. Some of the metal in the coins had begun t

33、o change color. The formation of tarnish is most similar to which of the following changes? shredding a piece of paper into hundreds of tiny strips dropping a dinner plate on the floor melting ice cubes in a glass of juice burning a piece of paper to ashes in a fireplace Which is an example of a che

34、mical change? ice melting salt crystals being ground to powder water evaporating wood burning The law of Conservation of matter - matter can neither be created nor destroyed. (Actually, NOT really true). Matter does not “magically appear or disappear”.DecompositionSimple ReactionsSynthesis(Combinati

35、on)SingleReplacementDoubleReplacementDecompositionSynthesisSingleReplacementDoubleReplacementABA B+ABA B+ABA B+C+CABAB+C+CDDDecompositionSynthesisSingleReplacementDoubleReplacementABA B+ABA B+ABA B+C+CABAB+C+CDDA displacement reaction:metallic copper with silver nitrate Cu + Ag NO3Ag + Cu(NO3)2The s

36、tudy of chemicals that make up living things.qSugars (carbohydrates)qProteinsqFats (lipids)qDNAMain categoriesHair, nails and muscles are made of ProteinsProtein structureSugars are called carbohydrates.They are made of a circle of carbons and one oxygen.SugarsCCCCCOThey can be linked in a chain to

37、form COMPLEX sugars.Fatty Acids are a kind of Fat or oil.They are basically a chain of carbons, with a COOH group.Fats (lipids)COOH groupDNA isstored in theNucleus (center)of the cell.It is made up of four “l(fā)etters” called A, G, T and C. All plant and animal life on Earth contains what element? sulf

38、ur carbon silicon aluminumConcentrationthe amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. SolventSoluteLow- Highdilute dy loot concentratedSolubility -how likely it is for a solute to dissolve in a solvent. insoluble solubleLow HighWawa=Dey da sameAcidBasepH- the amount of H+ ions in a solution.ACID extra

39、 H+1 ions (protons)BASE fewer H+1 ions.extra OH+1 ions.Whatchyall lookin at bra ?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Weak ACIDStrong ACIDHCl Hydrochloric acidH2SO4 Sulfuric acidHNO3 Nitric acidCH3COOH Acetic acidH2CO3 Carbonic acid Citric acidpH H2OH+110121001310001pH paperBlue Litmus paperRed Litmus paperBalancing equations Ag + Cl2 AgCl1211Both sides must be equalfor ALL atoms.22 2Ag + Cl2 AgCl1211Both sides must be equalfor ALL atoms.22 222CH4 + O2 CO2+ H2O 121242