book8_Unit_1__language_points

1、 .重點短語重點短語1.live_繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2.by _of 用用方法；借助方法；借助3._a life 習慣于新的生活方式、工習慣于新的生活方式、工作等作等4.keep _堅持；維持；沿襲堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳風俗、傳統(tǒng)等統(tǒng)等)5.back_back 背靠背背靠背6._up with 與與合作或一起工作合作或一起工作onmeansmakeuptoteam7._out 劃線；標劃線；標出出界限界限8.take_包括；吸收包括；吸收9.a great/good_許多；許多；很多很多10._ war on/upon. 向向宣戰(zhàn)宣戰(zhàn)11.apply_申請；請示得到申請；

2、請示得到 declareformarkinmanyhave a population ofdiversity of culture50% (percent) of the students by means of in addition (to ) 有有人口人口 文化的多樣性文化的多樣性 50%的學生的學生4. 用用.方法方法5. 除除之外還之外還6. 被被統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治7. 很大比例（的）很大比例（的）8. 對對宣戰(zhàn)宣戰(zhàn)9. 實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn).的夢想的夢想10. 開始開始/習慣于新的習慣于新的 生活方式生活方式/工作等，謀生工作等，謀生be ruled bya large percentage (of)

3、declare war on achieve ones dream of doing.make a life11. 保持，保存保持，保存12. 成為成為的家園的家園13. 到到的時候的時候14. 選擇選擇/決定做某決定做某事事15. 不久以后不久以后keep up become home toby the timeelect to dobefore long 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(1) 對人口提問用對人口提問用what, 不用不用how many或或

4、 how much。Whats the population of the city? 這個城市有多少人口？這個城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主語時用作主語時用單數(shù)單數(shù)，但前有分，但前有分數(shù)、小數(shù)或百分數(shù)時，謂語動詞用數(shù)、小數(shù)或百分數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)復數(shù)。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國人口比美國人口多。中國人口比美國人口多。 80% of the population are farmers. 百分之百分之80的人口是農民。的人口是農民。 (3) 人口的增加或減少用人口的增加或減少用g

5、row (increase) 和和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用人口的多少用large和和small修飾。修飾。 There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few years. 過去幾年這座城市人口過去幾年這座城市人口增長增長很快。很快。2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the

6、world.加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。一個州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。1）1).distinction n. 差別；區(qū)分；卓著差別；區(qū)分；卓著; distinct adj. 清晰的；明顯的；明確的清晰的；明顯的；明確的He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明顯的繪畫天賦。他有很明顯的繪畫天賦。You should make your writing distinct. 你應把字寫清楚。你應把字寫清楚。Complete the sentences with

7、the words above.1) He could remember everything very _.2) He has the _ of being the most diligent student in our class.3) There is a _ improvement in your study.習慣用語：習慣用語：be distinct from 與與不同的不同的翻譯：那兩個建議截然不同。翻譯：那兩個建議截然不同。Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.distinctiondistinctly

8、distinct2).It also has the distinction of being 意思意思是是What it is known for is 3. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科學家們認為這些遷居者通過一條史前時代曾經(jīng)存在科學家們認為這些遷居者通過一條史前時代曾經(jīng)存在的大陸穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。的大陸

9、穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。means n. 手段；方法（單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式相同）手段；方法（單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式相同）Radio and television are important means of communication. 無線電和電視是重要的通信手段。無線電和電視是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport. 請另外找一種運輸方式。請另外找一種運輸方式。Every means has been tried. 每種方法都試過了。每種方法都試過了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都試過了。所有方

10、法都試過了。拓展拓展by means of 用用辦法；借助辦法；借助by all means 一定，務必；好的，當然可以一定，務必；好的，當然可以by no means 決不，一點也不（位于句首時句子用部分倒裝）決不，一點也不（位于句首時句子用部分倒裝）by every means 盡一切可能的辦法盡一切可能的辦法She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不會說話，但她用手勢表達了她的愿望。她不會說話，但她用手勢表達了她的愿望。We have to finish our task by all mean

11、s. 我們必須竭力完成任務。我們必須竭力完成任務。She is by no means poor, in fact, she is quite rich. 她可不窮她可不窮, 其實她很有錢。其實她很有錢。I will help you by every means.我會盡全力幫助你。我會盡全力幫助你。翻譯句子翻譯句子這絕非解決問題的良計。這絕非解決問題的良計。他借助一根繩子慢慢地下來了。他借助一根繩子慢慢地下來了。 This is by no means a good way to solve the problem. He let himself down slowly by means o

12、f a rope. 4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人某人/某物有可能做某事某物有可能做某事 It is likely/probable/possible that . 有可能有可能 It is possible for sb. to do sth. . 有可能做有可能做.2) 辨析：辨析：likely, possible與與probable

13、 possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；小的意味；probable比比possible可能性稍大，有可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概較為可能、大概”，指有實際依據(jù)；，指有實際依據(jù)；likely是是從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。probable: 句型為句型為 It is probable thatpossible: 句型為句型為 Its possible (for sb.) to do sth. / Its possible thatlikely 的主語可以是人，而的主語可以是人，而possible與與prob

14、able的主語不能是人。的主語不能是人。 Is he likely to win? 他有可能獲勝嗎？他有可能獲勝嗎？ Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來他明天可能來, 但也不一定準來。但也不一定準來。5. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the Natives.在首批移居

15、加州的西班牙人在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住民傳授天主教。中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住民傳授天主教。 majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半大多數(shù)；大半 major adj.主要的，重要的，較大的，較多的；主修的主要的，重要的，較大的，較多的；主修的; n. 主修科目；主修學生主修科目；主修學生; v. 主修（主修（in） minority n. 少數(shù)，半數(shù)以下；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民少數(shù)，半數(shù)以下；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民 minor adj. 較小的；不重要的較小的；不重要的 be in a/the majority 占大多數(shù)占大多數(shù) be in the mino

16、rity 占少數(shù)占少數(shù)The Democrats became the majority in the election. 民主黨在這次選舉中變成了多數(shù)黨。民主黨在這次選舉中變成了多數(shù)黨。He won by a large majority. 他贏得了大多數(shù)票。他贏得了大多數(shù)票。注意：注意：the majority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)單復數(shù)均可。均可。the majority of后可以接后可以接不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞, 也可以接也可以接可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復名詞復數(shù)。數(shù)。當當the majority of+不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單

17、數(shù)單數(shù)。當當the majority of+可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞常用名詞復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞常用復復數(shù)。數(shù)。The majority was/were for the budget.大多數(shù)人都贊成這一預算。大多數(shù)人都贊成這一預算。The majority of students are hardworking. 大多數(shù)學生都很勤奮。大多數(shù)學生都很勤奮。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.大部分的破壞很容易修復。大部分的破壞很容易修復。 nThe majority _ in favour of the proposal. nT

18、he majotity of the workers _ from the countryside.nThe majority of the damage _ difficult to repair.was/were/is/are are/were is/was n完成句子完成句子n(1)他以他以71票的優(yōu)勢贏得了該席位。票的優(yōu)勢贏得了該席位。nHe won the seat with.n(2)她在董事會以她在董事會以110的多數(shù)票當選為的多數(shù)票當選為董事長。董事長。nShe was chosen as the president of the company 110 in the board

19、.a majority of 71 votesby a majority ofn(3)多數(shù)人喜歡電腦勝過電視。多數(shù)人喜歡電腦勝過電視。_ seem to prefer computer to TV.n(4)多數(shù)人贊成這個建議。多數(shù)人贊成這個建議。The majority _ the proposal.The majority of peoplewas/were in favour of 辨析：辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饑餓等死于疾病、饑餓等, 多指內部原因。多指內部原因。 die from 常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故, 多指外部多指外部未

20、知原因。未知原因。9. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. 10. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.辨析辨析: fight for, fight against與與fight with fight for “為事業(yè)為事業(yè), 自由自由, 真理真理, 權利等而斗爭權利等

21、而斗爭(戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗)”fight against (可用可用with) the enemy “為反對為反對而斗爭而斗爭”，接人和國家名詞，接人和國家名詞，意思是意思是“與與戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗” fight with sb. 也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)Gold minersThey came to California with the dream of _, but few achieved it. Some died or returned home, most remained there to _ for themselves.make a lifebecoming rich4.

22、開始開始/習慣新的生活、工作等習慣新的生活、工作等, 謀生謀生 謀生謀生 _ 繼續(xù)生活或生存繼續(xù)生活或生存 _ 過著過著的生活的生活 _ After graduation, he went to Beijing, with the purpose of _there. However, he couldnt find a job and had to _by begging. He said he was _（過（過著悲慘的生活）著悲慘的生活）but he would _and never give up no matter what happened.lead / live a (adj.)

23、 lifemake /earn a/ones livinglive onmake a lifemaking a lifelive onliving a miserable lifemake a living完成句子完成句子(1)他們去了西部地區(qū)，決心去適應新生他們去了西部地區(qū)，決心去適應新生活?；?。nThey went to the West and decided_.(2)他靠賣菜為生。他靠賣菜為生。nHe _ selling vegetables.(3)救援隊使嬰兒蘇醒過來了。救援隊使嬰兒蘇醒過來了。nThe rescue team_.to make a life thereearned/

24、made a/his living bybrought the baby back to lifeearns/makes a/his living byBy the time California elected to become the 31st federal state of the USA, it was already a multicultural society. 5. elect Vi. 選擇，決定做某事；選擇，決定做某事；Vt. 選舉，推選選舉，推選 1). elect to do = choose/decide to do選擇，決定做某事選擇，決定做某事 翻譯：翻譯：現(xiàn)在

25、越來越多的人選擇在家工作?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇在家工作。 Nowadays more and more people elect to work at home. 2). elect sb. (to be/as) 選舉選舉/推選某人為推選某人為 翻譯：美國人民每隔翻譯：美國人民每隔4年選一次總統(tǒng)。年選一次總統(tǒng)。奧巴馬當選為美國第奧巴馬當選為美國第44任總統(tǒng)。任總統(tǒng)。 Americans elect a President every four years and Obama was elected as the 44th president of America. * adj. 候任的，當選而

26、尚未就職的（用于名詞后）候任的，當選而尚未就職的（用于名詞后） the president elect 候任總統(tǒng)候任總統(tǒng) *n. election 選舉選舉/推選推選 presidential electionstand/run for electionelection resultsto win/lose an election 6. keep up 堅持；維持；保持；沿襲（風俗、傳統(tǒng)等堅持；維持；保持；沿襲（風俗、傳統(tǒng)等）翻譯：翻譯：我們請她別再說話了，但她依舊說下去。我們請她別再說話了，但她依舊說下去。我認為你應該鼓足勇氣。我認為你應該鼓足勇氣。We asked her to stop

27、talking, but she kept up.I think you should keep up your courage. keep 的相關短語的相關短語阻止阻止/妨礙妨礙做某事做某事 跟上跟上 記日記記日記 (與與)保持聯(lián)系保持聯(lián)系使離開使離開, 避免接近，遠離避免接近，遠離使使不靠近不靠近/接觸接觸/遠離遠離抑制某事物的增長，使抑制某事物的增長，使保持在低水平保持在低水平keep up withkeep . fromkeep a diarykeep in touch (with)keep away (from)keep downkeep off完成句子：完成句子：It is bec

28、ause most immigrants _ their own cultures and customs that California has come the most multicultural state in the USA.keep up完成句子：完成句子：1) If this rain _, the garden will be ruined.2) This is my phone number. Lets _. 3) The police asked the people to _ the scene of the accident.4) We appeal to the g

29、overnment to _ the high prices of houses, about which many people are complaining.5)The noises made by my neighbours when they play mahjong always _ me _ sleeping. 6) Its of great benefit for you _ in English. keeps upkeep off/keep away fromkeep downkeep in touch keep fromto keep a diary17. applicat

30、ion (n.)申請(application to sb. for sth. );應用(application of sth. to sth. ) apply (vi.)申請(apply to sb. for sth.); (vt.)應用(apply sth to sth. ) applicant (n.)申請人1)His application to the club for membership has been refused.2)The application of new technology to teaching has improved education greatly.3)

31、He applied to a company for a job.4)The new technology was applied to farming.8. It didnt occur to me that .我沒有想到我沒有想到 occur v.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)，存在；被想起，浮現(xiàn)發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)，存在；被想起，浮現(xiàn)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.這一地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震。這一地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震。Do giraffes occur in Africa only?長頸鹿是不是只在非洲才有長頸鹿是不是只在非洲才有? A brilliant idea occ

32、urred to me.=A brilliant idea struck me.= I struck on a brilliant idea.我想到一個極好的主意。我想到一個極好的主意。It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老師。我想到要去看看我的老師。It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也沒有想到他會遇上麻煩我怎么也沒有想到他會遇上麻煩。sth. occurs to sb.=sth. strikes sb.=sb. strikes on sth. 某事被想起某事被

33、想起/某想法浮現(xiàn)于某人腦海中某想法浮現(xiàn)于某人腦海中It occurs to sb. that . 某人想起某事某人想起某事It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起去做某事某人想起去做某事occurrence n. 發(fā)生的事情；存在的事物；發(fā)發(fā)生的事情；存在的事物；發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn)生；存在；出現(xiàn)【易混辨析】【易混辨析】occur, happen, take place與與come aboutoccur較正式較正式,既可以指自然發(fā)生，也可以指有意安排。既可以指自然發(fā)生，也可以指有意安排。happen一般用語，強調事情發(fā)生的偶然性。一般用語，強調事情發(fā)生的偶然性。take p

34、lace發(fā)生；舉行。指事先計劃安排好的事情。發(fā)生；舉行。指事先計劃安排好的事情。come about側重事情發(fā)生的原因，常與側重事情發(fā)生的原因，常與how連用。連用。n完成句子完成句子n(1)第二年他死了。第二年他死了。n the following year.n(2)今年發(fā)生了幾場火災。今年發(fā)生了幾場火災。nSeveral fires this year.n(3)他突然產(chǎn)生了一個想法。他突然產(chǎn)生了一個想法。nto him.His death occurredhave occurredAn idea occurred(4)我突然想去探望雙親。我突然想去探望雙親。_ to visit my pa

35、rents.(5)她突然想她可能會收養(yǎng)一個無家可她突然想她可能會收養(yǎng)一個無家可歸的孩子。歸的孩子。_ that she might adopt a homeless child.It occurred to meIt occurred to her20. indicate (vt.)表明，象征，暗示， 提及 indication (n.)表明，標示，象征 A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 2) Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

36、1)3)They gave no indication of how the work should be done.22. apparent (adj.)顯而易見 apparently (adv.)看來，顯然 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.1)2) I thought she had retired, but apparently she hasnt.12. team up with： 與與合作或一起工作合作或一起工作 I teamed up with him to do the work. 類似結構短語有：類

37、似結構短語有：keep up with：跟上；和：跟上；和.保持聯(lián)系保持聯(lián)系come up with：趕上：趕上; (針對問題等針對問題等)想出想出;提供提供end up with：以：以.告終告終/結束結束13. Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.有一種專為旅游者選定的駕車游活動。有一種專為旅游者選定的駕車游活動。 mark out 劃線；標出劃線；標出的界線的界線They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他們用白漆標出了網(wǎng)球場的界線。他們用白漆標出了網(wǎng)球場的界線。

38、 Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training. 已經(jīng)選出幾名出色的學生進行專門訓練。已經(jīng)選出幾名出色的學生進行專門訓練。mark sb. out for sth. 選出選出/選定某人做某事選定某人做某事mark down 寫下，記下；降低寫下，記下；降低的價格的價格mark up 標出；提高標出；提高的價格的價格mark in 加畫；繪入加畫；繪入mark out for 看中；選定看中；選定 翻譯句子翻譯句子他被選定擔當更高的職位。他被選定擔當更高的職位。我把那一點記在我的筆記本上。我把那一點記在我的筆記

39、本上。He was marked out for a higher position.I marked that down in my notebook.14. Its a 79km round trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.這是一次往返這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點。公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點。 take in 包括；吸收；欺騙；收留；理解，領會；改小包括；吸收；欺騙；收留；理解，領會；改小The study of physics takes in many difficult subjec

40、ts. 物理的學習包括許多困難的方面。物理的學習包括許多困難的方面。The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies. 這個推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太們容易上當受騙。這個推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太們容易上當受騙。He had nowhere to go, so I took him in. 他無處可去他無處可去, 所以我收留了他。所以我收留了他。 I wonder if hes really taking it in. 我想知道他是否真的明白了。我想知道他是否真的明白了。 The dress needs to be taken in a bit.這衣服需要稍微改小一

41、點。這衣服需要稍微改小一點。 拓展拓展take off 脫下；起飛；成功；流行脫下；起飛；成功；流行take on 呈現(xiàn)；承擔；雇用呈現(xiàn)；承擔；雇用take to 喜歡；親近喜歡；親近 take up 拿起；占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)拿起；占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù) take over 接管接管take down 拿下，揭下；寫下，記下；拆除拿下，揭下；寫下，記下；拆除take .for . 把把看作看作；把；把誤認為是誤認為是take after （外貌或行為）像父親或母親（外貌或行為）像父親或母親 用方框內所給短語的適當形式填空用方框內所給短語的適當形式填空 take off; take up; ta

42、ke in; take on; take down; take toThe city has been developing very fast and it has _ _ a new look.The old man _ _ the story at this point.Dont be _ _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. The plane for Beijing _ _at four oclock. taken ontook uptaken intakes off辨析：辨析：a great deal of常

43、與不可數(shù)名詞連用，常與不可數(shù)名詞連用，a great many則與可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式連用，則與可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式連用，它們的區(qū)別與它們的區(qū)別與 much和和many的區(qū)別相同。的區(qū)別相同。 15. a great many 許多，許多， 很多很多 There are a good many people in the hall. a great many + 名詞復數(shù), 謂語用復數(shù)many a +名詞單數(shù), 謂語用單數(shù) 29.fascinating (adj.)迷人的 fascinated (adj.) 入迷的(by sth.) fascinate (vt.) 深深吸引 fascination

44、 (n.) 魅力,極大的吸引力1)It is fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.2)The children watched, fascinated, as the picture began to appear.3)China has always fascinated me.4)Water holds a fascination for most children.34. miserable (adj.) 痛苦的,可憐的 miserably (adv.) 可憐地, 痛苦地 misery U 痛苦,悲慘1

45、)I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.2)They wandered around miserably.3)Fame brought her nothing but misery.35. punishment (n.)懲罰,處罰(for sth) punish (vt.) 懲罰 (punish sb. for sth. / for doing sht.)1)What is the punishment for murder?39.thankful (adj.)感謝,感激(be thankful for sth. / to do sth./ tha

46、t) thankfully (adv.) 幸虧;感激地 thankless (adj.) 吃力不討好的 thank (vt.) 感謝(thank sb. for sth./ for doing sth.) thanks pl. 感謝 (thanks to sb. for sth.) 1)I was thankful to see theyd all arrived safely.2)There was a fire in the building, but thankfully no one was hurt.3)Sometimes being a mother and a housewife

47、 felt like a thankless task.重點句型重點句型1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而然而，美洲土著人很可美洲土著人很可能在能在15 000年前就在加州生活著年前就在加州生活著。2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.3Two centurie

48、s later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.二百年后二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多數(shù)地區(qū)以及現(xiàn)在美國的西班牙人定居在南美洲大多數(shù)地區(qū)以及現(xiàn)在美國的西北沿海西北沿海。4That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是今天有超過這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。5Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even lar