祈使句的直接引語和間接引語

1、祈使句的直接引語和間接引語祈使句的直接引語和間接引語what is the difference among the what is the difference among the sentences below :sentences below :open the window.please open the window.would you please open the window? commands(命令命令): do/dont. requests(請求請求): do, please can you? could you.? will you.? would you?decide

2、whether these sentences decide whether these sentences are are or or close the door please. get me something to drink. take the dog for a walk. can you speak louder? would you clean your room. watch out! keep silent! please dont leave me.(command)(command)(command)(command)(request)(request)(request

3、)(request) “open the window,” the teacher said to the students.the teacher told the students to open the window. 2. “dont open the window,” the teacher said to the students.the teacher told the students not to open the window.表示表示的祈使句直接引語變間接引語的祈使句直接引語變間接引語 句型：句型：tell/order sb (not) to do sth1) “open

4、 the door.” he said.2) “put up your hand, lily,” he said.3) “be quiet.” the teacher said to the students.he told/ordered me to open the door.he ordered/told lily to put up her hand.the teacher told/ordered the students to be quite.4) “dont sleep in class.” the teacher said to the students.the teache

5、r told the students not to sleep in class.5) “dont laugh at others.”his parents said.his parents told him not to laugh at others.6) “dont touch anything.” she said to him.she told him not to touch anything. “open the window, please,” the teacher said to the students.the teacher asked the students to

6、 open the window.2. “dont open the window, please,” the teacher said to the students.the teacher asked the students not to open the window.表示請求的祈使句的變成間接引語表示請求的祈使句的變成間接引語 句型：句型： ask/beg sb (not) to do sth1) “please open your book .” the teacher said.the teacher asked me to open my book.2) “please don

7、t leave me.” she said to him.she begged him not to leave her.4)“would you please open the window?” he said.he asked me to open the window. 5) “ tom, may i borrow your pen?” she said.she asked tom to lend her his pen.3) “please turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.”the teacher said to him

8、.the teacher asked him to turn off the lights when he left the classroom.注意：注意：表示表示建議、勸告建議、勸告的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時還可以用：語時還可以用：advise sb (not) to do sthsuggest doing sth1. she said to us, “please have a rest.”she advised us to have a rest.2. he said, “l(fā)ets go to the film.”he suggested going to the f

9、ilm.表示警告、提醒警告、提醒的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時還可以用：remind sb (not) to do sthwarn sb (not) to do sth1. “keep out the grass,” she said to the children. she reminded the children to keep out the grass.2. the old man said, “dont smoke in the hall.” the old man warned me not to smoke in the hall. 祈使句祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)律變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)律(

10、沒有時態(tài)的變化沒有時態(tài)的變化) 一改 （主句謂語動詞） 二變 （呼語變賓語） 三加 （動詞前加to） 四去 （去掉委婉語氣的標志please等）tell sb (not) to do sth 讓某人（不）做某事讓某人（不）做某事order sb (not) to do sth 命令某人（不）做某事命令某人（不）做某事command sb (not) to do sth 命令某人（不）做某事命令某人（不）做某事warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人（不）做某事警告某人（不）做某事remind sb (not) to do sth 提醒某人（不）做某事提醒某人（不）做某事ask

11、sb (not) to do sth 要求某人（不）做某事要求某人（不）做某事beg sb (not) to do sth 乞求某人（不）做某事乞求某人（不）做某事request sb (not) to do sth 請求某人（不）做某事請求某人（不）做某事advice sb (not) to do sth 建議某人（不）做某事建議某人（不）做某事祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語的句型總結祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語的句型總結1.“please close the window,” he said to me. he _ me _ the window.a. said to; to close b. told to;

12、 closingc. asked ; to close d. said to; please close2. he said, “dont do that again.” he _ me _ that again. a. said to ; not to do b. said to ; dont do c. told ; dont do d. told ; not to do3. “dont put it on my hat.” his wife said to him. his wife told him _ put it on _ hat. a. dont, his b. dont, he

13、r c. not to, his d. not to, her感嘆句的直接引語變間接引語感嘆句的直接引語變間接引語she said, “what a lovely day it is!” she said what a lovely day it was. she said that it was a lovely day.he said, “how happy i am!” he said how happy he was. he said that he was happy.既可以what或how引導，也可以用that引導。1. 陳述句陳述句：連接詞用that, 且在口語中可省略。引 述動

14、詞用said, told,等。2. 一般疑問句一般疑問句：連接詞用if或whether，而引述 選擇疑問句時 只能用whether，引述動asked。 用陳述語序陳述語序。3. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句：用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，用陳述語序陳述語序。4. 祈使句祈使句：ask/tell/order/sb to do sth5. 感嘆句感嘆句：連接詞既可以用what/how,也可以用that1. 人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。2. 時態(tài)的變化：往前推一個時態(tài)，變成與過去相關的某種時態(tài)。（祈使句不變時態(tài)）3. 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化。1.the policeman

15、 warned the drive_ so carelessly.a. never to drive b. to never drivec. to not drive d. doesnt drive2. the office ordered his soldiers _.a. to stand still b. to not stand stillc. not stand still d. stand still 3. -he asked tom, “have you finished your homework？” -he asked tom .a. if had he finished his homework. b. whether he had f