高考時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的重要考點(diǎn)

1、高考時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)重要考點(diǎn)高考時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)重要考點(diǎn)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞可分為動(dòng)詞可分為: : 行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣非謂語動(dòng)非謂語動(dòng)詞詞不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類 語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)vedwas / were + Vp.p一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will + v.will be + Vp.p過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)would + v.

2、would be + Vp.p過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1 1、考查在語境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常、考查在語境中

3、判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常考的時(shí)態(tài)為：考的時(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。2 2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)； 主從句時(shí)態(tài)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。呼應(yīng)問題。3 3、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題替代問題. .最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在Every day, from time to time, often, always 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)

4、在進(jìn)行now, these days; always, constantly, again現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past/last years, already, recently 一般過去一般過去yesterday, last week, the other day, in 1949, at that time, once, a few days ago, when（表過去）（表過去）過去進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行at nine last night, the whole m

5、orning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last night when, while 過去完成過去完成before, by, up till, when, after, hardlywhen; no sooner than 一般將來一般將來next Friday, tomorrow, in two weeks, in 2020 過去將來過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作作1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1. 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作2. 客觀真理客觀真理,客觀存在客

6、觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句。科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句。3. 表將來表將來:按火車、汽車、飛機(jī)等按火車、汽車、飛機(jī)等時(shí)刻表時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生將要發(fā)生的事的事. 此時(shí)句中有時(shí)有將來的時(shí)間狀語此時(shí)句中有時(shí)有將來的時(shí)間狀語, 但不用將但不用將來時(shí)來時(shí). The train leaves at three this afternoon.4.在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用一般在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.2 一般過去時(shí)的用法一般過去

7、時(shí)的用法 1）表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的動(dòng)）表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。作或狀態(tài)。.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that?A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you knownC2）注意：一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：）注意：一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： I wrote a letter this

8、 morning. I was writing a letter this morning. 一般過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成完成的動(dòng)作，而的動(dòng)作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)沒有完成且正沒有完成且正在進(jìn)行在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。（信已寫完）（信已寫完）(正在寫，不一定寫完正在寫，不一定寫完)3. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來時(shí)的四種形式表示將來時(shí)的四種形式will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形be going to do be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do 、 、 不適合語法填不適合語法填空中填動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式空中填動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式-Th

9、e telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to- Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?- I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 有很強(qiáng)的計(jì)劃性，打算干什有很強(qiáng)的計(jì)劃性，打算干什么，而么，而will表示談話時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的意圖，具表示談話時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的意圖，具有臨時(shí)性和偶然性。有臨時(shí)性和偶然性。ACbe going

10、 to 可用來表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。可用來表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。而而will 不能表示不能表示Look at the clouds! Its going to rain. be to表示約定、計(jì)劃或職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求表示約定、計(jì)劃或職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。be to 表示表示客觀客觀安排或受人指示而做某事安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to 表示表示主觀主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。的打算或計(jì)劃。* I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.* Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.

11、 be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，常與常與when 連用連用when :就在這時(shí)就在這時(shí) (突然發(fā)生意想不到的事突然發(fā)生意想不到的事)句型：句型： be about to do when.I was about to leave when it rained. 語法填空中多以語法填空中多以when 來設(shè)空來設(shè)空特別注意特別注意The plane _ (leave) tomorrow.Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. wil

12、l have been A(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，特別用于車、船、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，特別用于車、船、飛機(jī)等時(shí)刻表中安排好的。飛機(jī)等時(shí)刻表中安排好的。(2)某些表某些表位移位移的瞬間動(dòng)詞的瞬間動(dòng)詞 “go, come, arrive, stay, leave, start, begin, fly, take ” 等用等用現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。leaves4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?；驙顟B(tài)。(時(shí)間點(diǎn)，時(shí)間段）時(shí)間點(diǎn)，時(shí)間段）2表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ，

13、但說話，但說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。 I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.特殊用法：特殊用法： 1. 1. 表示一般將來時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí) 2. 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, continually , always, continually , constantly, neverconstantly, never，again again 等連用，表示等連用，表示厭惡厭惡或贊揚(yáng)或贊揚(yáng)的感情色彩。的感情色彩。 You You are always forgettingare

14、 always forgetting the important things. the important things. 3 3有些詞有些詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：表示：表示“存在、存在、所有、知覺、認(rèn)識(shí)，感情所有、知覺、認(rèn)識(shí)，感情”等狀態(tài)等狀態(tài)存在存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain所有：所有： have, belong to , possess, own , hold 知覺：知覺： sound， look / seem / appear smell, taste, feel , see , hear , 認(rèn)識(shí)：認(rèn)識(shí)：

15、 understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think情感：情感：like, love, hate, prefer 1 1表示表示 過去過去某一時(shí)間某一時(shí)間正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 。通常。通常有時(shí)間狀語（從句），或由上下文表示。有時(shí)間狀語（從句），或由上下文表示。 -Hey, look where you are going?-Hey, look where you are going? -Oh, I -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._.m terribly sorry ._. A. I A. I

16、m not noticing B. I donm not noticing B. I dont noticingt noticing C. I haven C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing D. I wasnt noticingt noticing D2 2 表示表示 過去過去某一階段某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作可以完，也可以不一定完成。但這個(gè)動(dòng)作可以完，也可以不一定完成。 -Why weren-Why werent you at the meeting?t you at the meeting? -I _ for a

17、long -I _ for a long distance call from my distance call from my father in Australia.father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been C. had waited D. have beenB3 3 在簡單句中有在簡單句中有at that time, then , this at that time, then , this time yesterday / last

18、week, at 10 otime yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock clock last nightlast night 等具體的時(shí)間狀語用過去進(jìn)行等具體的時(shí)間狀語用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)。I first met Lisa three years ago . She I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ (work) at a radio shop at _ (work) at a radio shop at the time.the time.was working另：另：與與always連用，表示感情色彩連用，

19、表示感情色彩,與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣。行時(shí)一樣。My brother was always losing his key.1 1表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，結(jié)果， They have cleaned the classroom. (They cleaned the They have cleaned the classroom. (They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)classroom and the classroom is clean now.)2

20、2 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。He hasnHe hasnt given me any more trouble since then.t given me any more trouble since then.用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second timethat從句用現(xiàn)在從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that

21、 the boy had been late. 注意比較注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we _ (go) to school.2）This is the+最高級最高級that結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. went1. 1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即作，即“過去的過去過去的過去”。常用時(shí)間狀語：常用時(shí)間狀語：by/by the end of +by/b

22、y the end of +過去時(shí)間過去時(shí)間by the time +by the time +從句從句( (一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)), + ), + 主句主句( (過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)) )The film had already begun The film had already begun when I got there.when I got there.They had left They had left before I returned.before I returned.We had finished the work We had finished the work by

23、last month( by the time by last month( by the time he came.)he came.)2 . 2 . 表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.bus finally came.3. 用于用于hardly when ; no soone

24、rthan ( 一一.就就 )等句子中。等句子中。Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. hope ,think , expect, intend, mean, suppose, want, imagine等，用于過去完成等，用于過去完成時(shí)，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或意圖時(shí)，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或意圖, 譯為譯為“本本來想來想/打算打算”I had hoped to buy him a small present, but forgot it because of my busy work.5. 5. It It is is the

25、first time + the first time +從句（用從句（用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）完成時(shí)） It It waswas the first time + the first time +從句（用從句（用過去過去完成時(shí)）完成時(shí)）6. 6. 用于對過去假設(shè)的虛擬語氣中的從句。用于對過去假設(shè)的虛擬語氣中的從句。If I If I had knownhad known your telephone number yesterday, your telephone number yesterday, I I would have telephonedwould have telephoned you you .構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：have /has been doinghave /has been doing表示過去某一動(dòng)作狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也表示過去某一動(dòng)作狀態(tài)一