高中英語_Unit2《Cloning》課件-using_language_新人教版選修8

1、Extensive reading克隆技術(shù)大事記克隆技術(shù)大事記 1938年年: :德國(guó)科學(xué)家首次提出克隆想法。德國(guó)科學(xué)家首次提出克隆想法。 1952年年: :科學(xué)家開始用青蛙進(jìn)行克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)?？茖W(xué)家開始用青蛙進(jìn)行克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)。 1970年年: :克隆青蛙實(shí)驗(yàn)取得突破克隆青蛙實(shí)驗(yàn)取得突破, ,青蛙卵發(fā)育青蛙卵發(fā)育 成了蝌蚪成了蝌蚪, , 但是在開始進(jìn)食以后死亡。但是在開始進(jìn)食以后死亡。1981年年: :科學(xué)家進(jìn)行克隆鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)家進(jìn)行克隆鼠實(shí)驗(yàn), ,據(jù)稱用據(jù)稱用鼠胚胎細(xì)胞培育出了正常的鼠。鼠胚胎細(xì)胞培育出了正常的鼠。1984年年: :第一只胚胎克隆羊誕生。第一只胚胎克隆羊誕生。1997年年2月月24日日:

2、 :英國(guó)羅斯林研究所宣布英國(guó)羅斯林研究所宣布克隆羊培育成功?？茖W(xué)家用取自一只克隆羊培育成功?？茖W(xué)家用取自一只6 6歲歲成年羊的乳腺細(xì)胞培育成功一只克隆羊。成年羊的乳腺細(xì)胞培育成功一只克隆羊。 1998年年2月月23日日: :英英國(guó)國(guó)PPL醫(yī)療公司宣布醫(yī)療公司宣布,該公司克隆出一頭牛犢該公司克隆出一頭牛犢“杰弗遜先生杰弗遜先生”。 1998年年7月月5日日: :日日本科學(xué)家宣布本科學(xué)家宣布,他們利他們利用成年動(dòng)物體細(xì)胞克隆的兩頭牛犢誕生。用成年動(dòng)物體細(xì)胞克隆的兩頭牛犢誕生。1998年年7月月22日日: :科學(xué)家采用一種新克隆科學(xué)家采用一種新克隆技術(shù)技術(shù), ,用成年鼠的體細(xì)胞成功地培育出用成年鼠的

3、體細(xì)胞成功地培育出了第三代共了第三代共5050多只克隆鼠多只克隆鼠, ,這是人類第這是人類第一次用克隆動(dòng)物克隆出克隆動(dòng)物。一次用克隆動(dòng)物克隆出克隆動(dòng)物。 1999年年5月月31日日: :美國(guó)夏威夷大學(xué)的科學(xué)美國(guó)夏威夷大學(xué)的科學(xué)家家, ,利用成年體細(xì)胞克隆出第一只雄性利用成年體細(xì)胞克隆出第一只雄性老鼠。老鼠。 19991999年年6 6月月1717日日: :以美藉華人科學(xué)家楊以美藉華人科學(xué)家楊向中為首的研究小組利用一頭向中為首的研究小組利用一頭1313歲高歲高齡的母牛耳朵上取出的細(xì)胞克隆出小齡的母牛耳朵上取出的細(xì)胞克隆出小牛。牛。20002000年年1 1月月3 3日日: :美國(guó)著名華人楊向中美

4、國(guó)著名華人楊向中, ,用體外長(zhǎng)期培養(yǎng)后的公牛耳皮細(xì)胞成用體外長(zhǎng)期培養(yǎng)后的公牛耳皮細(xì)胞成功克隆出功克隆出6 6頭牛犢。頭牛犢。 20002000年年1 1月月: :美國(guó)科學(xué)家宣布克隆猴成功美國(guó)科學(xué)家宣布克隆猴成功, ,這只恒河猴被命名這只恒河猴被命名“泰特拉泰特拉”。20002000年年3 3月月1414日日: :曾參與克隆小羊曾參與克隆小羊“多利多利”的英國(guó)的英國(guó)PPLPPL公司宣布公司宣布, ,他們成功培育出他們成功培育出5 5頭頭克隆豬。克隆豬。Please enjoy some pictures about dinosaurs. 霸王龍霸王龍tyrannosaurus劍龍劍龍stegos

5、aurs角龍角龍 ceratopsids雷龍雷龍 brontosaurus翼龍翼龍pterodactylAnswer the following questions: 1. Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal if there isnt enough diversity in the group? 2.Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? 3.Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that ha

6、ve been extinct longer than 10,000 years? 1. Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal if there isnt enough diversity in the group? Keys: There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses. 2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live

7、in a zoo? It is not a good idea to clone an animal that would have to live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers. The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 year

8、s? The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old is not suitable for cloning, for it cant survive so long.The writer of the text_ A. is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B. believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloningC. thinks it impossible or u

9、nsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D. dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth主旨大意主旨大意2. The film Jurassic Park is popular because _. A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaurs C. it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs D. it prove

10、s very interesting細(xì)枝末節(jié)細(xì)枝末節(jié)A3. Which of the following is true? _Mice were cloned in 1981.B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal.C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”D. China was successful in cloning mammals.4. The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT in

11、clude_. A. they have the same arrangement of genes B. there isnt enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses C. the illness is a new one D. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease5. We can infer from the text that_ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaursB

12、. dinosaurs will never return to the earthC. cloned animals will only live in the zooD. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10 000 year推理判斷推理判斷True or false. Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can make money. The animals that have disappeared from the ear

13、th, like dinosaurs, can be brought back to life through cloning. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.FFFThe popularity of the film Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several different kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how interested ordinary people are in t

14、he subject. 長(zhǎng)句難句長(zhǎng)句難句 電影電影侏羅紀(jì)公園侏羅紀(jì)公園的歡迎證實(shí)的歡迎證實(shí)了普通人對(duì)這一話題是多么感興趣了普通人對(duì)這一話題是多么感興趣,在該電影中一位科學(xué)家克隆了幾種不在該電影中一位科學(xué)家克隆了幾種不同的恐龍。同的恐龍。 in which引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句, how引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)賓語從句。賓語從句。 2. From time to time people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to li

15、fe through cloning. 人們時(shí)常設(shè)想從地球上消失的動(dòng)物人們時(shí)常設(shè)想從地球上消失的動(dòng)物,例如恐龍例如恐龍,有可能通過克隆技術(shù)使它有可能通過克隆技術(shù)使它們復(fù)活。們復(fù)活。from time to time有時(shí)有時(shí), 間或間或, 偶爾偶爾,= occasionally, now and then。3. It is useless to clone an animal if there is not enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses. 該群中如果沒有足夠的多樣性使它該群中如果沒有足夠的多樣性使它克服疾病克

16、服疾病, ,克隆動(dòng)物就沒有用。克隆動(dòng)物就沒有用。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)時(shí), 通常把它們放在謂語之后通常把它們放在謂語之后, 而用而用it作句子的形式主語。作句子的形式主語。4. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 群中的多樣性指的是擁有基因排列群中的多樣性指的是擁有基因排列方式不同的動(dòng)物。方式不同的動(dòng)物。 with their genes arranged in different ways作作定語定語, in d

17、ifferent ways 以不以不同的方式。同的方式。5. .but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children. .其他的將存活下來并傳遞給其后其他的將存活下來并傳遞給其后代抵抗這種病的能力。代抵抗這種病的能力。resist 作及物動(dòng)詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)作及物動(dòng)詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng): 抵抗抵抗, 對(duì)抗對(duì)抗; 抵擋抵擋, 防止防止; (與與cannot, could not連用連用) 無法抗拒無法抗拒, 無法抵擋。無法抵擋。base on/upon 以以為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ), 依據(jù)依

18、據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)為其結(jié)構(gòu)為: base sth. on/upon sth. is based on/upon6. Based on what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10000 years. 據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在所知據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在所知, 絕種一萬年以上的絕種一萬年以上的動(dòng)物不能克隆。動(dòng)物不能克隆。 May the best animal win! Which extinct animals are worth restoring by means of cloning? Choose one

19、and use the information to help you argue why this animal should be restored to the earth.Auroch (1627)Dodo bird (1755)Quagga (1883)A sample dialogue (P16)S1: I think the dodo bird should be returned to the earth. It hasnt been extinct very long. So its DNA will still be good enough for cloning.S2:

20、Yes and sailors in the past always described the dodo as being a very friendly animal. So it would make a good pet. It wasnt too large either. I cant see any other extinct animals becoming a pet, can you?S1: No, indeed. 1 know its a bird like the Great Auk but neither of them could fly. So if you ke

21、pt either, it wouldnt escape from a park, a family or its home in the wild. You could also farm a dodo, unlike all the others, and produce many of them as exotic pets.S2: And what about its large nutritious eggs? Just one would feed a large family. So theres more than one reason for producing it in

22、commercial numbers.S1: Did you know that its meat is very tasty too! Perhaps it could be farmed like ostriches and provide a good source of protein.S2: The only problem is that it needs hot climate to survive. But thats easy to provide with all its other advantages. I dont think any of the other animals stands a chance against the dodo.S1: So we both agree that the best extinct animal to be cloned is the dodo bird.S2: Yes.3. A sample report(p.17)The dodo is the most suitabl