初中英語主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習(xí)4頁(yè)

1、英語語法主謂一致（就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則）就近原則： 也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”(Proximity），即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。 在正式文體中： 1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語："there be句型; or ; either or；nor; neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also" ; 等。e.g. What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關(guān)。 Neither you nor I am wrong

2、. 你和我都沒錯(cuò)。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。 2. 在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個(gè)主語一致。e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。 There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。 I

3、I. 非正式文體中： 有時(shí)依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。（非正式） Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí)，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“No one ”才是主語，

4、謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。英語就近原則短語1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either J

5、im or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就遠(yuǎn)原則 謂語動(dòng)詞與前面主語一致 代表詞匯：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in add

6、ition to；apart from 例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主謂一致單項(xiàng)填空專練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說來,句子的主語和謂語在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點(diǎn)。本文以往年高考試題為例,對(duì)此考點(diǎn)作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語后面與with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名詞或代詞連用時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)

7、詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. E-mail, as well as te

8、lephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known5. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were二、當(dāng) either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等連接并

9、列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be三、 當(dāng)“the

10、only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is w

11、ell paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 四、當(dāng)news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念,而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10. Every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞

12、作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。11. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are六、the number of.(的數(shù)目)短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)a number of.(許多)短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were七、當(dāng)“疑問詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。13. When and where to build the new fac