Comparison-and-Contrast

1、Comparison and Contrast 比較和對照的寫作方法A Brief Introduction Definitions of comparison and contrast comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different. 一目標(biāo)：掌握英語作文中比較和對照的寫作方法（比較著重相似點，而對照強調(diào)不同之處）；二使用比較和對照寫作方法的一般是說明文與論說

2、文，常見的比較對照有兩種方式:1. 塊狀比較方式（block presentation or the subject-by-subject），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3.；B1，B2，B3.。2. 逐點比較方式（alternating presentation or the point-by-point），AB交錯，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3.。Comparison and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and differences between

3、two subjects. To compare is to bring out the similarities between two things， and to contrast， which is a form of comparison， is to emphasize the differences between them. As a result， we can understand the two subjects better than we would do if we just examine the two individually. In writing a co

4、mparison and contrast essay， you may emphasize either the similarities or the differences between the two subjects， or if you like， you may include in your essay both the similarities and differences. No matter what you may emphasize in your essay， remember you should make a point in your essay， tha

5、t is， there should be a purpose for making the comparison and the contrast. If the two items are too similar or too different， there won推薦精選t be any point in comparing or contrasting them. Three purposes for making a comparison and contrast:A. To present information about something unfamiliar by com

6、paring it with something familiar.B. To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another.C. To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.The organization of a comparison and contrast essay：A .How to introduce a comp

7、arison and contrast essayYou can introduce your comparison and contrast essay by explaining clear your purpose for making the comparison and/or contrast. You can also present the background information that promotes you to write the essay. B. How to organize the body of a comparison and contrast ess

8、ay：When you come to the body of a comparison and contrast essay， you should follow the following two steps：Identifying the points： If you dont know what points to compare and/or contrast about the subjects， you can create a list of potential points for each of the subjects. Then you can rearrange th

9、ese points.2. Choosing an effective pattern to organize the similarities and differences.a） The subject-by-subject pattern： to present each of the two subjects separately， that is， to present first about one of the subjects， covering the points completely， then proceed to the other subject， also cov

10、ering all the points completely. In general， this way works better in short essays where few aspects are considered， or where the writers interest is in the whole. Its pattern is like the following：b） The point-by-point pattern： to discuss the two subjects for each point of comparison and contrast，

11、that is， you write about the first point in terms of the similarities and differences between the two subjects， then proceed to the next point， and so on. This way is preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned， for a long discussion of the various aspects of one item puts too much bu

12、rden on the reader推薦精選s memory. Its pattern is like the following：c） The sim-diff pattern： The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and differences are more balanced. In an es

13、say using this pattern to organize the body part， the whole essay will be arranged in the following way：IntroductionSimilarities DifferencesConclusionC. How to end a comparison and contrast essay：Your conclusion should help your readers draw conclusions. You may propose an action， stimulate the read

14、er or make a generalization. You can also restate your purpose in a fresh way. 推薦精選Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings. Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy

15、 various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a days hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution,

16、 and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury

17、in the city. In the country, you dont have so much worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you a

18、re absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city. Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their in

19、conveniences.Middle School Life and College Life推薦精選There are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we c

20、ouldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short， and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girl

21、s could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other

22、differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.推薦精選三寫作步驟1. 寫前階段：寫作提綱1) 對兩個對象或一個對象的兩個方面進行比較與對照分析，找出相似點/不同之處。如分析Online shopping or in-store shopping（網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物還是店內(nèi)購AdvantagesDisadvantagesOnline shoppingConvenient;Cheap;A lot of selectionsCheated

23、;Cannot see the items in person;In-store shoppingPersonal, talk;Know the quality;Good for healthExpensive;Time-consuming;tiring推薦精選2. 寫作階段：利用相關(guān)資料，組織結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容1) Useful words and phrases:by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, howe

24、ver, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast, even so, less/more/faster.than, although, in opposition to, on the contrary, on the other hand, on the opposite side2）Useful expressions Ø Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and is no e

25、xception. Ø The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. Ø For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. Ø Like anything else, it has its faults

26、. Ø A and B has several points in common. Ø A bears some resemblances to B. Ø However, the same is not applicable to B. ØA and B differ in several ways. Ø Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. Ø The same is true of B. Ø Wondering as A is ,it has its

27、 drawbacks. Ø It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .比較型作文常用句型 首段 It is widely accepted / an undeniable fact that There used to be a heated discussion over Nowadays, there are two ways to, such as A and B.Some people prefer ., 推薦精選while others insist that Those who ar

28、e in favor of A argue that But I am in favor of / But I prefer to do/But I agree with the former/latter one 中立的觀點： As for me, I m in favor of a combination of A and B./ I prefer to combine A and B. Personally, I prefer to strike a balance between A and B. 主體部分 First and foremost,Whats more,Last but

29、not least,First of all,Moreover,Most importantly, It is true that A is,but B There are several strong points of A. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B However, the advantages of A outweigh it disadvantages. 結(jié)尾段 For this reason, I like doing. Of course, A has its own merits.But Im st

30、ill in favor of B. 3）Useful Writing Patterns （1）塊狀比較模板： 模板一 It is really hard to say which is better than the other, A or B. Both have their merits and shortcomings. A has a great many advantages. First, . Second, . Third, . Wondering as A is , it has its drawbacks. First of all, . Besides, . B is q

31、uite different from B in many ways. Its positive sides are as follows. Firstly, . Sencondly, . Like anyting else, B has its faults, such as. Evidently, both A and B have their positive and negative aspects.The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of the both and get rid of their inconvenien

32、ces. 模板二 推薦精選 The topic of _ (主題) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say _A_ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of _(A理由一). Whats more, _(A理由二). Moreover, _(A理由三). While others think that _B_ is a better choice in the

33、 following three reasons. Firstly,_ (B理由一).Secondly/Besides, _ (B理由二). Thirdly/ Finally, _(B 理由三). For my point of view, I think _(我的觀點). The reason is that _ (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reason to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice. 模板三 There is a heate

34、d debate over _(主題). It is commonly accepted that _A_ . In contrast, others think that _B_ . Those who hold the first opinion suggest that _(A理由一). In their view, _ (A理由二). However, others think _(B理由一).They argue that _(B理由二) . Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _A/B_ . First of all, _(原因 一). Furthermore, _(原因二). Thirdly, _(原因三). Therefore, I am in favor of the idea _ (我的觀點). （2）逐點比較框架： Both A and B are very popular in todays society. Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and A and B are no exception. There are many differences b