牛津高二英語(yǔ)M8U2The universal word study

1、牛津高二英語(yǔ)牛津高二英語(yǔ)M8U2word study1.universal adj.the Universal Declaration of Human 世界人權(quán)宣言世界人權(quán)宣言/ 宇宙的宇宙的 ；全世界的；全世界的War causes universal misery. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成了普遍的痛苦。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成了普遍的痛苦。Television provides universal entertainment。 a universal rule 普遍規(guī)律普遍規(guī)律/ 普通的；普通的；一般的；全體的一般的；全體的=generala universal meter 通用電表通用電表/ 通用的通用的萬能的萬能

2、的Ex: 那年普遍干旱那年普遍干旱足球是全球性的運(yùn)動(dòng)足球是全球性的運(yùn)動(dòng)The drought is universal that year.Football is a universal game.3. star n. 星，恒星；明星；星形物星，恒星；明星；星形物the North/polar star北極星北極星a shooting star 流星流星The sun is a star. 太陽(yáng)是恒星。太陽(yáng)是恒星。a five pointed star 五角星五角星/ 星狀物星狀物a film star 明星明星 Star vt. 用星號(hào)標(biāo)于用星號(hào)標(biāo)于,由由主演，由主演，由擔(dān)擔(dān)任主角任主角 v

3、i. 擔(dān)任主角擔(dān)任主角 (starred;starring) adj. 星形的；明星的，主角的星形的；明星的，主角的In the list the starred questions are the most difficult. an old film starring Charlie Chaplin 以以為主演為主演star sb. (in sth) 使某人擔(dān)任主演，由使某人擔(dān)任主演，由某人主演。某人主演。 He was starred in this film.Star出名，有成就；表現(xiàn)卓著，干得出色：出名，有成就；表現(xiàn)卓著，干得出色：He has starred at his task

4、.他出色地完成了任務(wù)。他出色地完成了任務(wù)。Its not the aim for her to star.出人頭地不是她的目的。出人頭地不是她的目的。We know something about the play which _ Wang Ji.A. stars B. starring C. to star D. having starredA.4. cast vt. (cast, cast) vt. 投；拋；擲；脫落投；拋；擲；脫落 He shut me up in the copper jar and had it cast into the sea. 他把我禁錮在壇子里，并叫人把壇子拋

5、他把我禁錮在壇子里，并叫人把壇子拋入大海。入大海。 The fisherman cast his net into the water. 漁民把網(wǎng)撒在水里。漁民把網(wǎng)撒在水里。 The horse cast a shoe. 馬脫了蹄鐵。馬脫了蹄鐵。 Cast選派演員，分派角色選派演員，分派角色 cast sb.(as sb) , cast sb. (in sth) He was cast for the part of Yang Zirong.他扮演楊子榮。他扮演楊子榮。The part was cast to him.這個(gè)角色分這個(gè)角色分配給他演。配給他演。He was cast as Oth

6、ello/ in the role of Othello.他將被選派擔(dān)任奧賽羅這一角色。他將被選派擔(dān)任奧賽羅這一角色。outdoor adj. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) 戶外的，戶外用戶外的，戶外用的，露天的的，露天的outdoor activities 戶外活動(dòng)戶外活動(dòng)outdoor clothing 戶外穿的衣服戶外穿的衣服outdoor sport 戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)outdoors adv.在戶外在戶外 ,在露天在露天,在外面在外面Indoor adj. Indoors adv.Feature n. 容貌；特色，特征；特寫或?qū)ｎ}節(jié)目容貌；特色，特征；特寫或?qū)ｎ}節(jié)目vi. 起重要作用起重要作用vt.

7、以以為特色；由為特色；由主演；特寫主演；特寫make a feature of以以為特色；給為特色；給以顯著以顯著位置位置a film featuring famous actorsThe newspaper featured the story of the event.feature filmsa feature articleHer eyes are her best feature.unconditional adj. 無條件的；絕對(duì)的；無條件的；絕對(duì)的；無限制的無限制的1. working conditions工作條件，勞動(dòng)條件工作條件，勞動(dòng)條件2. be in (a) condit

8、ion to適宜適宜(做某事做某事)，有，有(做某事做某事的的)條件，能條件，能(做某事做某事)3. be in no condition to不適宜不適宜(做某事做某事)，缺乏，缺乏(做做某事的某事的)條件條件6. in (或或 out of) condition健康狀況好健康狀況好(或不好或不好)，身體條件適合身體條件適合(或不適合或不適合)7. make it a condition that以以為條件為條件8. on (或或 upon) condition that倘若，如果；在倘若，如果；在條件下條件下9. on no condition在任何情況下都不，決不在任何情況下都不，決不1

9、0. on this (that)condition在這種在這種(那種那種)情況下情況下5.be drunk with 醉心于醉心于，沉溺，沉溺于于 由于由于 而忘乎所以而忘乎所以Its reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games.The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life.be drunk with 醉心于醉心于，對(duì)，對(duì)癡迷，癡迷，陶醉于陶醉于He is drunk with success不要沉

10、迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)不要沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)They are drunk with making a fortune. Dont be drunk with network . 他們醉心于發(fā)財(cái)致富。他們醉心于發(fā)財(cái)致富。dare vi (with or without to)，1)（用或不用（用或不用 to,）敢于，敢）敢于，敢 膽敢。膽敢。 He didnt dare (to) go I wonder how he dares (to) say such things. Ive never dared (to ) ask him 2) 敢冒（危險(xiǎn)）：面對(duì)；不懼敢冒（危險(xiǎn)）：面對(duì)；不懼 He will dare an

11、y danger. 他敢冒任何他敢冒任何危險(xiǎn)。危險(xiǎn)。3）dare sb (to do sth.) 挑激，暗示某挑激，暗示某人無勇氣或能力做某事。人無勇氣或能力做某事。I dare you to say that again! 我諒你也我諒你也不敢再說這樣的話。不敢再說這樣的話。He dares me to jump from the bridge into the river.他激將我從橋上跳到河里。他激將我從橋上跳到河里。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 dare主要用于疑問、否定或條件句主要用于疑問、否定或條件句敢；竟敢；竟敢：敢：How dare you speak to me like that?你怎

12、么敢那樣對(duì)我說話你怎么敢那樣對(duì)我說話?She dare not mention the subject again.她不敢重提那個(gè)話題。她不敢重提那個(gè)話題。 Need dare 行為動(dòng)詞：行為動(dòng)詞： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 有人稱有人稱 數(shù)的變化數(shù)的變化 主要用于主要用于 否定句否定句 疑問句疑問句 后接不等式后接不等式 I dare say 是固定用法是固定用法 否定式要用否定式要用dont /doesnt/ didnt 疑問式用疑問式用Do/ does/ did Dare 的否定式的否定式 疑問式后的疑問式后的to可以省略可以省略 He doesnt need to answer this

13、question. Does he dare to daring n冒險(xiǎn)精神，勇氣，勇敢冒險(xiǎn)精神，勇氣，勇敢lose ones daring 失去勇氣失去勇氣adj. 勇敢的。膽大的勇敢的。膽大的a daring robbery.膽大的搶劫膽大的搶劫What a daring thing to do!這真是件有膽量的人做的事。這真是件有膽量的人做的事。1. dare someone to do something估計(jì)某估計(jì)某人不敢人不敢(或沒有能力或沒有能力)做某事，激某人做某事做某事，激某人做某事2. do something for a dare被激得做某事被激得做某事3. I dare

14、saya. (我想我想)可能，或許，大概，猜想，料想可能，或許，大概，猜想，料想b. (我想我想)是這樣；很可能；當(dāng)然是這樣；很可能；當(dāng)然4. I dare swear.我確信。我確信。5. take a dare口語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)接受挑戰(zhàn)接受挑戰(zhàn)He darent speak in public.He dares to speak in public.The shy girl _ dance before so many strangers, _ she?A. darent ;does B. darent ; dare C. doesnt dare ; dare D. dare not; daresB

15、 exercise. vt. 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： exercise control over.對(duì)對(duì) .實(shí)施實(shí)施.控控制制 ，控制，控制exercise patience 運(yùn)用耐心運(yùn)用耐心exercise authority over sb 對(duì)對(duì)使用使用權(quán)威權(quán)威; 管束某人管束某人exercise ones rights行使權(quán)行使權(quán) 利利exercise tolerance/power over sb.對(duì)對(duì)某人用忍耐力某人用忍耐力/權(quán)力權(quán)力 exercise ones right 行使權(quán)力行使權(quán)力exercise control over 對(duì)對(duì)實(shí)施控制，實(shí)施控制，控制控制W

16、e should think of a way to exercise control over our expenses.lose control ofbe(get) out of control 失去控制失去控制be in control of sth 在在控制下，指揮，控制下，指揮，管理某事物管理某事物under the control of 被被控制著控制著bring/get sth. under control;be under control抑制；控制抑制；控制 1）The pilot _ _ _ (失去控制失去控制) the plane.2)She managed to _ _

17、_ (控制住控制住) her car on the ice.3)She may be old ,but she is still _ _ (掌管掌管)lost control ofkeep control ofin control Ex: 翻譯翻譯1）He exercise his right as a citizen.2）Teachers exercise authority.他行使公民權(quán)。他行使公民權(quán)。教師對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行管束。教師對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行管束。8.break ones promise 食言食言;收回承諾。收回承諾。keep ones promise遵守諾言遵守諾言promise onesel

18、f 指望；期待；決心指望；期待；決心promise n. 許諾，允諾；希望許諾，允諾；希望vt. 允諾，許諾；給人以允諾，許諾；給人以的指望或希望的指望或希望vi. 許諾；有指望，有前途許諾；有指望，有前途預(yù)示：預(yù)示：The clouds promise rain.陰云預(yù)示有雨。陰云預(yù)示有雨。promising a. 有希望的有希望的,有前途的有前途的9.recite vt 背誦，朗誦；敘述，描述，列舉，背誦，朗誦；敘述，描述，列舉，一一說出。一一說出。He recited his poem in front of the whole class.The mayo recited to the

19、 Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome市長(zhǎng)向女王背誦了一篇又長(zhǎng)又臭的歡迎詞。市長(zhǎng)向女王背誦了一篇又長(zhǎng)又臭的歡迎詞。recite ones grievances 描述某人的苦難。描述某人的苦難。recite the names of all the capital cities of Europe 列舉歐洲各國(guó)的首都的名字列舉歐洲各國(guó)的首都的名字10. threaten v. 恐嚇，威脅；預(yù)示恐嚇，威脅；預(yù)示的兇兆；有的兇兆；有的危險(xiǎn)的危險(xiǎn)He threatened to make the phone public.他恐嚇說要把那張照片公開。他恐嚇

20、說要把那張照片公開。The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.烏云密布預(yù)示著暴風(fēng)雨將到來。烏云密布預(yù)示著暴風(fēng)雨將到來。The robber threatened me with a gun.threaten sb with death用死威脅某人用死威脅某人threaten to do sth威脅要做謀事威脅要做謀事Ex. 翻譯：翻譯：他揚(yáng)言要辭職。他揚(yáng)言要辭職。他沒有威脅的意思。他沒有威脅的意思。Threaten peaceThreaten sb with deathHe threatened to resignHe doesnt mean to thr

21、eaten威脅和平威脅和平用死來威脅某人用死來威脅某人11. terrify vt .(terrified) fill sb. with fear.使恐怖，使驚恐。使恐怖，使驚恐。 The child was terrified of being left alone in the house.那孩子因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人在家而感到害怕。那孩子因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人在家而感到害怕。She was terrified out of her wits. 她嚇的魂不附體她嚇的魂不附體What a terrifying experience!多可怕的一次經(jīng)歷！多可怕的一次經(jīng)歷！terrifying adj terrified

22、 adjThe thunderstorm terrified the child.大雷雨把這孩子嚇壞了。大雷雨把這孩子嚇壞了。The animals were terrified by the storm.動(dòng)物被風(fēng)暴嚇壞了動(dòng)物被風(fēng)暴嚇壞了They were terrified by his sudden appearance.他的突然出現(xiàn)，把他們嚇?biāo)耐蝗怀霈F(xiàn)，把他們嚇了一跳。了一跳。The children were terrified of being scolded.那孩子害怕挨罵。那孩子害怕挨罵。11.torture vt.n 使受劇烈痛苦，折磨。使受劇烈痛苦，折磨。Many of t

23、he prisoners have been tortured.許多囚犯都被刑訊逼供過。許多囚犯都被刑訊逼供過。Dont torture yourself by thinking those unpleasant things. torture a man to make him confess sth.拷打一個(gè)人使其招供拷打一個(gè)人使其招供Recently he was tortured with great anxiety.最近他為煩惱所苦。最近他為煩惱所苦。torture n.拷打，拷問，酷刑逼供；拷打，拷問，酷刑逼供；（精神或肉體上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦（精神或肉體上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦T

24、he confession was made under torture.這份供詞是嚴(yán)刑逼供得來的。這份供詞是嚴(yán)刑逼供得來的。A whole day without chocolate must be torture for you。一整天沒有巧克力吃肯定讓你難受。一整天沒有巧克力吃肯定讓你難受。12.Stage n. 舞臺(tái)；戲劇；驛站；階段舞臺(tái)；戲??；驛站；階段 vt. 上演；舉行；籌劃上演；舉行；籌劃 vi. 適于上演；舉行；乘驛車旅行適于上演；舉行；乘驛車旅行To stage Hamlet上演上演哈姆雷特哈姆雷特This drama was well/badly staged這劇本適合這

25、劇本適合/不適合上演。不適合上演。The group of students staged a drama written by themselves.這群學(xué)生把自己寫的戲劇搬上了舞臺(tái)。這群學(xué)生把自己寫的戲劇搬上了舞臺(tái)。短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)1.bring someone on (或或 to) the stage把某人寫進(jìn)劇本把某人寫進(jìn)劇本2. by easy stages從容不迫地從容不迫地3. by stages分期地；分階段地分期地；分階段地4. come upon the stage走入社會(huì)走入社會(huì);登上政治舞臺(tái)登上政治舞臺(tái)5. to (或或 be) on the stage作演員作演員7. hol

26、d the stage a. 久演不衰久演不衰 b. 引人注目引人注目8. retire from (或或 quit) the stage退出舞臺(tái)退出舞臺(tái);退退出出界界9. set the stage for為為做好準(zhǔn)備，為做好準(zhǔn)備，為創(chuàng)造條件，創(chuàng)造條件，為為打下基礎(chǔ)打下基礎(chǔ)10. stage by stage逐步地，循序漸進(jìn)地逐步地，循序漸進(jìn)地direct adj. 直接的直接的;親身的親身的;恰好的恰好的;直系的直系的 vt. 指向；管理；指揮；導(dǎo)演指向；管理；指揮；導(dǎo)演 vi. 指導(dǎo)；指揮指導(dǎo)；指揮 adv. 直接地；正好；按直系關(guān)系直接地；正好；按直系關(guān)系direct method/f

27、light. a direct relativeHe directed us to leave the burning building. He directs the activities of the club. He directed three movies.He directed an orchestra She directed me to the post office.She wanted to give up acting and start directing.We flew direct from London to New York.Director n. 董事董事,經(jīng)

28、理經(jīng)理,主管主管,指導(dǎo)者指導(dǎo)者,導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演Direction n.give directions作出指示，發(fā)出指示作出指示，發(fā)出指示in all directions向各方面，向四面八方向各方面，向四面八方in every direction向各方面，向四面八向各方面，向四面八方方fluent adj. 流暢的，流利的；液態(tài)的；暢流的流暢的，流利的；液態(tài)的；暢流的speak fluent EnglishFluently adv.Fluentness n.13.condemn vt 責(zé)備，責(zé)難，譴責(zé)責(zé)備，責(zé)難，譴責(zé) 指摘，指指摘，指.為不當(dāng)為不當(dāng) condemn sb for sthWe all

29、condemn cruelty to childrenEveryone condemned his foolish behavior.每個(gè)人都責(zé)備他愚蠢的行為。每個(gè)人都責(zé)備他愚蠢的行為。The newspapers condemned the Prime minister for his attitude toward the event. 2）（法律）判罪；處刑）（法律）判罪；處刑condemn a murder to life imprisonment. 判兇手無期徒刑判兇手無期徒刑be condemned to death被處死被處死condemn vt.判刑，處刑；聲討；譴判刑，處刑；

30、聲討；譴責(zé)責(zé)Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.任何人都愿意把任何暴力行為視為任何人都愿意把任何暴力行為視為惡行加以譴責(zé)。惡行加以譴責(zé)。相關(guān)搭配：相關(guān)搭配：be condemned to death被判死刑；被判死刑；be condemned to被宣告被宣告condemn a person for theft判某人盜竊罪判某人盜竊罪be condemned to a life imprisonment 被判無期徒刑被判無期徒刑The judge _ him for fraud.A. denounced

31、 B. condemned C. charged D. accusedBout of breath上氣不接下氣，喘不過氣上氣不接下氣，喘不過氣來來take breath歇口氣，透口氣，歇會(huì)兒，歇口氣，透口氣，歇會(huì)兒，緩一口氣，換氣，喘氣，恢復(fù)呼吸緩一口氣，換氣，喘氣，恢復(fù)呼吸(=gather breath)Breathtaking a. 驚險(xiǎn)的驚險(xiǎn)的(吃驚吃驚)breathe 呼吸，喘氣，低聲地說出呼吸，喘氣，低聲地說出 . 7. break up打碎，破碎；結(jié)束；解散；打碎，破碎；結(jié)束；解散；衰落衰落理解下列理解下列break up的含義的含義1)Break the chocolate up

32、 into squares.2) The plane broke up in mid-air.3) The marriage broke up，as we had expected.4) There are some suggestions that her involvement has broken up the partnership. 用含用含break的短語(yǔ)填空。的短語(yǔ)填空。 5) The fire must have _during the night.6) A group of young demonstrators attempted to_ the police lines.

33、7) Someone had_ through the bedroom window.8) A house in that area_ by several robbers last night.9) Like all natural substances, it is easily_ by bacteria.10) Linda_, realizing that she was wrong.11) The child tried to _ but his father held him tightly.8. cut short 閱讀下列各句，理解閱讀下列各句，理解cut short的含義。的含

34、義。1) The report was so long that the professor asked me to cut it short. 2) Because of the riot，the conference has to be cut short. 拓展：拓展：cut可和多種介詞或副詞搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，可和多種介詞或副詞搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝锌崭裰刑钌线m當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝锌崭裰刑钌线m當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。3) He cut _ the forest to save the time.4) He cut _ the field to arrive there on time.5) Th

35、ese improvements will cut _ the noise.6) Its difficult to cut the article _ because the other one on the back is also good.7) At this stage, you should cut _ food for the children.8) “ Oh, I never agree!” she cut _.9) In winter，they will_ the branches _ the trees. 12. 第二部分：練習(xí)第二部分：練習(xí)I. 課文內(nèi)容填空:The wor

36、ld-famous opera, Turandot, is the story of a cold-hearted Chinese (1)p_, named Turandot. In order to avoid(2)m_, she says that any (3)p_ husband must answer three(4)r_ correctly or die. A handsome prince, named Calaf, says that he will(5)s_ the problem and marry her. But a young slave of his father, Liu, begins to love him, then the story takes on a class