中考總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)突破專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞(含解析)_6381_第1頁
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1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載語法專項(xiàng)突破專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語,不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制,在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式:動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞??键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作除謂語以外的一切成分:主語、 賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語和狀語。1動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),往往用 it 作形式主語, 而把真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。常用句式: It is ( not) adj .( for/of sb. ) to do sth.。To swim in the river is dangerous.It's dangerous to swim

2、in the river.在河里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。2作表語。往往置于連系動(dòng)詞be, seem 等之后。Myjob is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。3作賓語。常見的后面接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:agre e, begin, start,decide, expect, learn, like , manage, pretend, want, try, wish , forget , remember, help 等。Don't forget to close the door. 別忘了關(guān)門。4作定語。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí),要置于被說明和修飾的名詞之后。

3、I have something to tell you. 我有事要告訴你。I need a house to live in. 我需要一棟房子住。5作狀語,表明目的、結(jié)果或原因等。My little sister is too young to go to school.我的小妹太小而不能上學(xué)。(結(jié)果狀語)He opened the door for her to come in.他打開門讓她進(jìn)來。 (目的狀語)6作賓語補(bǔ)足語。I expect you to write to me.我盼望你給我來信。I asked him to show me his new dictionary.我請(qǐng)求他

4、給我看看他的新詞典。溫馨提示: 常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有want,ask,tell ,warn ,wish ,would like ,order,use,invite ,get,allow ,expect,encourage,hate 等。但在使役動(dòng)詞 ( make,let,have)和感官動(dòng)詞 (see,hear, watch,notice ,feel 等)后,要把作賓補(bǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to 省略。不定式可以和疑問詞who,what ,which ,why , when,how,where 等連用,構(gòu)成 “疑問詞不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu), 通常用于下列動(dòng)詞之后: tell ,teach,know

5、 ,wonder,learn,show,find out, ask, understand 等。When to go there hasn't been decided yet.什么時(shí)候去那兒還沒定下來。(作主語)Can you tell me where to exchange the money?你能告訴我哪里能換錢嗎?(作賓語)The problem is how to tell her the news.問題是該怎么把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(作表語)考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由 “動(dòng)詞原形 -ing ”構(gòu)成,與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì),可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1

6、 作主語Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載吃太多垃圾食品對(duì)我們的身體健康有害。溫馨提示: 動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語, 在許多情況下可以通用, 但動(dòng)名詞作主語多表示抽象或多次的行為,不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。2作表語My mother's job is cooking. 我母親的工作是做飯。3作賓語I don't mind listening to that story aga in.我不介意再聽一遍那個(gè)故事。溫馨提示:其后常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組有 finish , enjoy, p

7、ractice, mind , keep,consider,miss,avoid(避免), suggest,admit,be worth,have fun( in)/have difficulty ( in) /problem ( in) /trouble ( in), waste time( in ), can't help 等。4作定語,表明它所修飾的詞的用途Let's join the singing group. 讓我們加入合唱隊(duì)吧。a working method工作方法5其后既可以接動(dòng)名詞,也可接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞有continue, remember, try, s

8、top, forget, hate, go on 等。love,like ,prefer,begin,start,考點(diǎn)三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。1區(qū)別:( 1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗邊的人是我們的老師。The building built last year has become our lab.去年建的樓已成了我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。( 2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身所具有的性質(zhì),意為 “令人 的 ”;過去分詞表達(dá)由外界引起的內(nèi)心活動(dòng),意為 “感到 的 ”。the exciting new

9、s 令人興奮的消息the excited look 激動(dòng)的表情常 用 的 還 有 : interesting/interested , tiring/tired , boring/bored , surprising/surprised ,amazing/amazed。( 3)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。2用法:( 1)作定語:單個(gè)分詞作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的前面,短語作定語常放在所修飾的詞的后面。The question being discussed is important to us.正在被討論的問題對(duì)我們很重要。The excited people rush

10、ed into the building.激動(dòng)的人們沖入了大樓。( 2)作狀語:分詞或分詞短語可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、伴隨等狀語。Being a student, I must study hard.作為一名學(xué)生,我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。(原因狀語)He ran out of the room , crying loudly.他大聲哭著從房間里跑出來。(伴隨狀語)( 3)作表語。The movie is interesting. 這部電影很有趣。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載The door is broken. 門破了。( 4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語,一般用在 see,hear, notice,feel, have

11、等動(dòng)詞之后與賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。I saw a cat running a cross the street.我看見一只貓跑過街道。I must have the bike repaired. 我必須找人修修自行車。溫馨提示:不定式與分詞都可跟在某些動(dòng)詞之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程; 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生; 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,側(cè)重于表示被動(dòng)的概念。When they went into the school , they saw some boys playing football.當(dāng)他們走進(jìn)校園時(shí),他們看見一些男孩在踢足球。(正在做)Do

12、you often see them play basketball?你常看他們打籃球嗎?(全過程)He spoke loudly to make himself heard clearly.他大聲說以便讓別人聽清他的話。(他的話被聽)1( 2012 湖南懷化中考,28)Remember_off the lights when you leave the classroom.A turnB to turnC turning2( 2012 湖南永州中考,27) Please tell me _ next.A how to do itB what to do itChow do it3( 2012

13、 福建寧德中考,37) Please tell the students_ quiet in class.A keepB keepingC to keep4(2012 湖南衡陽中考, 26)Try to sing more English songs ,and you will find it interesting_ a foreign language.A learningB learnsC to learn5( 2012 湖南湘潭中考,24)It is polite _ a gift when you visit somebody for the firsttime.A takeB ta

14、kingC to take6( 2012 四川成都中考, 37)Parents often ask their kids _ their internet friends becausethe kids may be in danger.A to meetB not to meetC meeting7( 2012 黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考, 33)Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs _itevery day.A practice to speakB to practice speakingC practice speaking8 Th

15、e house is too small for his family _.A to live inB living inC live in9 Fang Fang is old enough_to school.A goesB to goCwent10 Lucy kept me_for over twenty minutes.A to waitB waitingCwaited11 The boy_in the teacher's office was found_yesterday.A standing; smokeB standing; smokingC stood; smoke12

16、 Where's Mr Yang , do you know? Well , it's hard to say.But I saw him _ a football game just now.A was watching B watching Chad watched 13 John was made_the truck for a week as a punishment.A washB washingC to wash14 The old man didn't know _ when the house caught fire.A what to do B how

17、 to do Cwhat to do it 15 How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A feltB to feelCfeel16 People spent two hours _ the fire.A to put offB putting outC putting on17 No one knew why the women kept _ at the party.A laughB to laughC laughing18 Science is so

18、 difficult! I think you should keep on _ hard.A studyB to studyC studying19 The old man is ill and he doesn't feel like _.A to eat somethingB to eat anythingC eating anything20 Tom, your hairis too long , and you should have it _ this weekend. OK , I will do it this Sunday.A cuttedB cutC to cut學(xué)

19、習(xí)必備歡迎下載參考答案專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞專題提升演練1 Bremember to do sth. 記得去“做某事 ”。2A考查 “特殊疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式 ”作賓語。 B 項(xiàng)應(yīng)該去掉 it;C 項(xiàng) how 后跟動(dòng)詞不定式。故選A 項(xiàng)。3 Ctell sb.to do sth. 告訴某人“做某事 ”。4 Cit 在此作形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。5 CIt's adj. to do sth. 做某“事 ”。故選 C 項(xiàng)。6 B ask sb.not to do sth. 要求某人“不要做某事 ”。7Bneed 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞其后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語;practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做“某事 ”。故選B項(xiàng)。8 A句意:這個(gè)房子對(duì)他的家庭來說住在里面太小了。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。9 B句意:芳芳上學(xué)足夠大了。enough.to do sth.意思是 “足夠 干某事了 ”。10B句意:露西讓我等了二十多分鐘。 kee

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