澳大利亞歷史英語(yǔ)介紹

1、Australia History姜婉瑩 尹夢(mèng)瑤 劉欣Human habitation in Australia began more 47,000 years ago.Where were original inhabitant ancestors from?Prehistoric Times (史前時(shí)期）The first discovery of Australia by European explorers was in 1606, which may be taken as the starting point for written history of Australia.The

2、 early pre-colonial periodThe colonial periodFederation periodModern times01020304ContentsContents早期殖民前期殖民時(shí)期聯(lián)邦時(shí)期現(xiàn)代時(shí)期The early pre-colonial periodThe early pre-colonial period01 Europeans Exploration in AustraliaWillem Jansz &Dick HartogJames Cook真正發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞的人（真正發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞的人（17701770）植物灣（植物灣（Botany Bay)

3、Botany Bay)Europeans Exploration in AustraliaTorres靠近澳洲東部的靠近澳洲東部的新赫布里底群島新赫布里底群島證實(shí)：新幾內(nèi)亞證實(shí)：新幾內(nèi)亞與與“未知的南方未知的南方大陸大陸”之間是由之間是由一道海峽分隔開(kāi)一道海峽分隔開(kāi)而非連接在一起而非連接在一起的（的（16061606）有記載第一個(gè)有記載第一個(gè)踏上澳大利亞踏上澳大利亞的歐洲人（的歐洲人（16061606）& &澳大利亞西海澳大利亞西海岸首位發(fā)現(xiàn)者岸首位發(fā)現(xiàn)者（16161616）The colonial period02 1 The foundation of colony 2 T

4、he golden rush01英國(guó)流放犯建立殖民地英國(guó)流放犯建立殖民地Reason:The primary reason was the The primary reason was the establishment of a penal colony establishment of a penal colony to to toto reduce the prison population and the reduce the prison population and the crime rate in crime rate in BritianBritian. .The Briti

5、sh settlement The British settlement in in Australia Australia began in the late 18th centurybegan in the late 18th century. .02The foundation of colony1787.5.131787.5.131788.1.261788.1.2626,January 26,January 11 boats carried 11 boats carried 575 prisoners and 575 prisoners and 212 soldiers leaving

6、 212 soldiers leaving for for Australia,theyAustralia,they are called “the first are called “the first fleet(fleet(第一艦隊(duì)第一艦隊(duì)）” ”They reached They reached Sydney Sydney HarbourHarbour and settled and settled down here.down here.Australias National DayAustralias National Day( (澳大利亞國(guó)慶日澳大利亞國(guó)慶日）The founda

7、tion The foundation of colonyof colonyMarked a turning Marked a turning point in point in Australias Australias colonial historycolonial historyLead an increased Lead an increased political independence political independence from from BritianBritian and a and a great debate about great debate about

8、 federation.federation.Population of Population of Australia increased Australia increased and brought and brought immediate and immediate and long-term changes long-term changes to the economyto the economyBegan in the early 1850s1 1InfluenceInfluenceonon economyeconomy2 23 3Influence Influence on

9、on politicpoliticThe Golden RushThe Golden Rush03Federation periodFederation periodQueenslandQueenslandSouth AustraliaSouth AustraliaVictoria &TasmaniaVictoria &Tasmania N Newew South South WWalesalesWestern AustraliaWestern AustraliaSix Six SeparateSeparateC Coloniesoloniesthe Commonwealth

10、of Australiathe Commonwealth of AustraliaOn 1 On 1 January,1901,the January,1901,the Proclamation of the Proclamation of the Commonwealth of Commonwealth of Australia was held in Australia was held in Sydney.Sydney.The Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Australia of Australia Constitution Act Constitu

11、tion Act divided the powers divided the powers of government of government between the state between the state and the federal level.and the federal level.The federal government had control of The federal government had control of defencedefence, , communication between the states, the postal commun

12、ication between the states, the postal system, customs, immigration, foreign affairs, system, customs, immigration, foreign affairs, welfare, and industrial matters that affected welfare, and industrial matters that affected more than one state.more than one state.Each state kept its own parliament,

13、 and Each state kept its own parliament, and had power over such matters within its had power over such matters within its own borders as education and police.own borders as education and police.The Commonwealth of Australia maintained The Commonwealth of Australia maintained strong bonds with Brita

14、in.strong bonds with Britain.1 122 23 3Constitution ActThe Commonwealth of Australia timetimereasonreasonresultresultBegan on 4 August, 1914, When Britain declared war on Germany, Australia immediately followed Britains lead.Strong cultural, defence, trade and economic ties that had developed betwee

15、n the two countries. The familiarity and intimacy encouraged many Australians to call Britain “home”.Australia was not attacked during the First World War, but there were severe disruptions to daily life.The First World War“If the old country is at war, so are we”.Australia would stand beside Great

16、Britain to help and defend her to “our last man and our last shilling”.AustrAliANot only because Not only because of relationship of relationship with Britain, but with Britain, but also for the world also for the world peace and safety peace and safety of itself.of itself.SemptemberSemptember 3,193

17、9,After 3,1939,After Britain Britain declared war declared war on Germany on Germany two days two days later.later.The Australian and The Australian and AmercianAmercian forces forces fought the fought the Japanese in many Japanese in many areas of the Pacific areas of the Pacific and South and South EsiaEsia. .The World War Two1234The development of Australia after the Second World WarThe development of Australia after the Second World WarThe wave of immigrantsThe Vietnam War and Whitlams governmentThe Vietnam War and Whitlams governmentThe New RightThe 1999 referend