外文翻譯---51系列單片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能

1、.外文資料翻譯英文原文：Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing

2、 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chi

3、p computers .An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: (1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). (2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositing not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. (3) P

4、rocedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. (4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction, may use

5、as exporting too. (5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. (6) Five cut off cutting off the control (uni

6、versal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. (8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahe

7、rtz now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command center, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons

8、of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing devices temporarily of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking et

9、c. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loop back ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside. The same as ge

10、neral microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with a expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter, the order is deposited, the order decipher , the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two

11、, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out. Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequ

12、ency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to

13、 the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice p

14、rocedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this

15、128B, there is unit of 32 bytes that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general compute

16、r disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and o

17、nly an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all:

18、The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address sp

19、ace is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH, 0000H of location, in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses) too to the location. (3) Data memory

20、 address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slic

21、e, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (na

22、mely special function register), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer. Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of way these self-same. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four ports these may serve as accurate

23、two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing Output grade, P3 of mouth, P1 of P1, connect with inside have load resista

24、nce of drawing, every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way. Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source res

25、istance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing auto. Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first. As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer millimeter of output electric currents

26、, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base, in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one

27、-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially, make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally, as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there aren't mistake

28、, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effective, should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 m

29、achine cycles) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal:Restore t

30、o the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST) hand over to Schmitt's trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output, Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2, machine of cycle in having o

31、ne more, then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal inside. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles t

32、o guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running, should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop one's head and monitor the pin with the oscillograph t

33、entatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.中文譯文：51系列單片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能51系列單片機(jī)是英特爾公司生產(chǎn)的具有一定結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品。這家公司在1976

34、年引入8位MCS - 48系列單片機(jī)后，于1980年又推出了8位高檔的MCS - 51系列單片機(jī)。它包含很多種這類型的單片機(jī)，如8051，8031，8751，80C51BH，80C31BH等，它們的基本組成，基本性能和指令系統(tǒng)都是一樣的。一般情況習(xí)慣用8051來代表51系列單片機(jī)。一個單片機(jī)的系統(tǒng)是由以下幾部分組成：（1）一個8位CPU微處理器。（2）靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器，能夠儲存程序運行過程中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)。（3）程序存儲器ROM / EPROM中（4KB/8KB），用來保存程序和一些初始數(shù)據(jù)。但是在一些單片機(jī)中不使用ROM / EPROM中，如8031，8032，80c系列等。（4）4個8排的I

35、 / O并行接口P0 P3，每個口可以用作輸入，也可以用作輸出。（5）2個定時器/計數(shù)器，每個定時器/計數(shù)器可設(shè)置計數(shù)用來計數(shù)外部事件，可以設(shè)置成常用的定時方式，并可以根據(jù)計算或結(jié)果控制單片機(jī)的運行。（6）五個中斷源控制系統(tǒng)。（7）1個雙向串行I / O口的UART（通用異步接收器/發(fā)送器UART），用于實現(xiàn)單片機(jī)的串行通信。（8）振蕩器和時鐘產(chǎn)生電路，需要外部電源的石英晶體微調(diào)電路，允許接在12v的振蕩頻率上。上述部分通過內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)總線連接。其中，CPU是單片機(jī)的核心，它是單片機(jī)的控制和指揮中心，ALU算數(shù)邏輯運算單元可進(jìn)行算術(shù)運算和邏輯運算，由1個8暫時存儲器，和2個8位的累加器組成。Acc

36、累加器是ALU運算結(jié)果的存放單元，一般數(shù)據(jù)通過它來傳送。此外，Acc往往被視為對8051內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸中轉(zhuǎn)站。和通常的微處理器一樣，它是最繁忙的寄存器。有記憶功能并執(zhí)行命令。該控制器包括程序計數(shù)器，可讀寫的存儲器，振蕩器和定時電路等。該程序計數(shù)器是有兩對8或16位計數(shù)器，它是一個字節(jié)地址計數(shù)器，在個人電腦運行程序時，執(zhí)行下一個單元的內(nèi)容，程序執(zhí)行時可以改變它的內(nèi)容從而改變運行的結(jié)果。在8051芯片震蕩電路中，需要外接石英晶體和微調(diào)電容，其頻率范圍為1.2MHz12MHz。該脈沖信號，即為8051的工作周期，是最小的時間單位。8051和其他單片機(jī)一樣，都有相同的控制和功能，就像樂隊也有打擊樂器一樣

37、。在8051中有ROM（程序存儲器，只能讀?。?，和RAM（數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，可以讀和寫），他們有各自獨立的內(nèi)存地址空間，也有相同的處理方式。8051和8751的程序存儲器的存儲容量為4KB，地址從0000H開始，在使用過程中其中的數(shù)據(jù)不變。8051、8751、8031數(shù)據(jù)存儲器的內(nèi)存為128B，默認(rèn)地址是00FH，用于保存中間數(shù)據(jù)和緩存。在這128B的內(nèi)存中，有32 bytes，被稱作工作寄存器，和常用的微處理器不同的是，8051的RAM是按功能來劃分模塊的。MCS - 51系列單片機(jī)和一般電腦的處理方式不同。一般電腦會自動分配地址空間，ROM和RAM的計算機(jī)可以安排在不同的空間內(nèi)，地址范圍會根據(jù)ROM和RAM的位置分配不同地址空間。在訪問的內(nèi)存，不管是ROM和