《中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)》20晨讀暮?。?6）-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測

1、20晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測（一）詞匯晨讀入心1. spreadv.傳播；擴(kuò)散；張開，展開 詞形變化：過去式spread，過去分詞spread用法：表示“擴(kuò)散，蔓延”，指影響更多的人或地方，后面可跟介詞through/over/among等。例如：the disease spread rapidly among the poor. 疾病在窮人中間迅速傳播。表示 “流傳；散布，傳播”，指信息或觀點，可及物可不及物；其后可跟介詞to/through/over等。例如：word spread quickly that she was leaving. 她要離開的

2、消息迅速傳開。表示“張開，伸開”，指手臂、手指、腿等；其后常接out。例如：she spread her arms and the child ran towards her. 她張開雙臂，孩子向她跑來。（2019，浙江卷，詞匯運用）40. more and more people have realized the importance of spreading our _(傳統(tǒng)的) culture.2. standardn.&adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（的）關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：living standard=standard of living生活水平；up to standard達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名詞用法：表示“

3、水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)格，規(guī)范”，其后常接介詞of：how do you think of the general standard of education there? 你覺得那里教育的整體水準(zhǔn)如何？形容詞用法：表示“正常的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，普通的”，形容普遍接受的，相當(dāng)于normal。例如： this is our standard price. 這是我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價格。表示“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的”，指形狀、大小、質(zhì)量等。例如：we make shoes in standard and wide sizes. 我們制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼和加寬碼的鞋子。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：standardiz(s)e v.使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使統(tǒng)一；standardiz

4、(s)ation n.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；standardiz(s)ed adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的反義詞：non-standard adj.不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，不規(guī)范的；不規(guī)則的（2019，山東卷，閱讀a）the united nations has standards for safe listening.3. staten.狀態(tài)，情形；國家；（美國的）州關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：state of mind心理狀態(tài)，心境；mental state精神狀態(tài)用法：表示“狀況，狀態(tài)，情況，情形”，指人的身體或心理狀況或指物，相當(dāng)于condition；其后常接介詞of；“處于狀態(tài)”用instate表示。例如：when we bought the

5、 house, it was in a terrible state. 我們買下這棟房子時，它的狀況很糟糕。即可指“國家”，也可指國家的“州，邦”等。例如：wto member states世貿(mào)組織成員國；the state government州政府（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀填空）emperor qinshihuang united (統(tǒng)一) the seven major states into one country where the chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.4. stayn.&v.停留，逗

6、留，呆；保持 名詞用法：可數(shù)名詞，但一般以單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，常和介詞in/at搭配，和形容詞long/short搭配。例如：i had a short stay in that famous hotel.我在那家有名的旅館住過一小段時間。動詞用法：實義動詞，表示“停留，逗留，留下”或者“暫住”，不及物動詞，常和各種副詞或介詞搭配使用，如stay (at) home呆在家；stay for+ time /暫住多久；stay in+ place呆在/暫住某地；stay here/there留在這里/那里；例如：i stayed for a year in paris to study art. 我在巴黎待

7、了一年學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。連系動詞，表示“維持，保持原狀”，stay+ 形容詞；stay+ away/in/on；等。例如：i can't stay awake any longer. 我瞌睡得再也熬不住了。stay away from my daughter! 不要纏著我女兒！同義詞：keep/remain v.保持，維持（2019，浙江卷，閱讀d）2.- sir, did you enjoy your stay in our_?- yes, i slept well and i like the breakfast.a. hotelb. schoolc. factoryd. company5

8、. stealv.偷，竊取詞形變化：過去式stole，過去分詞stolen用法：可指偷別人的東西，也可指剽竊觀點等。常用于steal sth. from sb/sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：hed stolen the flowers from our garden. 他偷了我們花園里的花。a well-known scientist was punished for stealing his students idea. 一位著名科學(xué)家因剽竊學(xué)生觀點受到懲罰。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：stolen adj.偷走的；stealthily adv.暗地里（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀d）it was his job to ke

9、ep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the king's deer.6. stepn.腳步；臺階，梯級；v.走，跨步 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：step by step逐步地；first step第一步，首要步驟；next step下一步；watch your step注意腳下 名詞用法：表示“腳步，步”，常與動詞take搭配，與副詞back/forward搭配。例如：tom took a step back and held the door open. 湯姆后退一步，把門撐開著。表示“梯級，臺階”。例如：he climbed t

10、he wooden steps and rang the bell. 他爬上木樓梯，按響門鈴。表示“步驟，措施”，指一系列行動中的一步，相當(dāng)于action/measure；常和動詞take搭配；step后面可接in (doing) sth.或to do sth.；還可接towards表示方向。例如：the president took immediate steps to stop the fighting. 總統(tǒng)立即采取措施阻止戰(zhàn)斗。an important step towards peace 通往和平的重要一步動詞用法：表示“跨步，邁步”，其后常接forward/back/down/in

11、to等詞。例如：he stepped back to let me through. 他后退一步讓我通過。表示“踩，踏”，其后常接in/on等介詞。例如：youre stepping on my foot. 你踩到我的腳了。（2019，浙江卷，閱讀d）the hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick.7. stickv.粘??；卡住；堅持；n.木棒（棍），枝條詞形變化：過去式stuck，過去分詞stuck關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：stick together粘在一起；在一

12、起，團(tuán)結(jié)一致；stick to sth.堅持（做某事，不怕困難）動詞用法：表示“粘，貼”，可及物可不及物，常和介詞on/to/in等搭配。例如：he stuck a stamp on the envelope. 他把一張郵票貼到信封上。 stick the broken pieces together.把碎片粘到一起。表示“卡主，動不了”，stick in sth.卡在里面；the key has stuck in the lock. 鑰匙卡在鎖里了。名詞用法：表示“枝條，柴枝”，指樹的組成部分。例如：they collected sticks to start the fire. 他們撿來樹

13、枝生火。指某些作為工具的“棍/簽/條/槌”，或“條（棍）狀物”。例如：my aunt walks with a stick. 我姑媽走路要拄拐棍。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：stuck adj.被卡主的，不能動的；sticky adj.粘（性）的；sticker n.張貼物（2019，湖北卷，單項填空）37一everyone should stick to his dream.一yes. a life without a dream is like a bird without _, which can't fly.a. wings b. water c. clouds d. food8. stopv.

14、停，停止；阻止；n.停；（停車）站 動詞用法：表示“（使）停止，（使）終止”、“暫停，中止”，指不再繼續(xù)；或“停下來”，指不再移動；stop doing sth.停止做某事（同一件事）；stop to do sth.停下來做某事（另一件事）；口語中常用stop it/that表示“停下，住手”。例如：please stop crying and tell me what's wrong. 快別哭了，告訴我出了什么事。stop it! you're hurting me. 住手！你把我弄疼了。表示“防止，阻止”，相當(dāng)于prevent；stop sb./sth. from doin

15、g sth.阻止做某事。例如：the rain didnt stop us from enjoying the trip. 那場雨沒有妨礙我們享受旅行的樂趣。名詞用法：表示“停止”的含義，常用于come to a stop（某事）停止；bring sth. to a stop停止（結(jié)束）某事。例如：the un is trying to bring the war to a stop. 聯(lián)合國試圖結(jié)束這場戰(zhàn)爭。表示“車站”，或“中途停留（處）”，指停留的動作或指所停留的地點。例如：our first stop was paris. 我們的第一站是巴黎。反義詞：continue v.繼續(xù)（201

16、9，浙江卷，詞匯運用）it just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.9. strangeadj.奇怪的，奇特的；陌生的用法：表示“奇怪的，不尋常的，不可思議的”；常見于something strange，its strange that等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：it's strange (that) we haven't heard from him. 奇怪，我們一直沒有他的消息。表示“陌生的，不熟悉的”；strange to sb.對某人來說很陌生。例如：at first the place was

17、 strange to me. 起先我對這個地方不熟悉。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：strangely adv.奇怪地，奇妙地，不可思議地；stranger n.陌生人，外人（同時也是strange的比較級形式）；strangeness n.陌生，冷淡反義詞：familiar adj.熟悉的（2019，江蘇卷，單項填空）5.the flying squirrel might be one of _ animals you could meet during the trip.a. strangeb. strangerc. strangestd. the strangest10. strictadj.嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)密

18、的；嚴(yán)苛的用法：可形容對人要求高，表示“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”；常用于be strict about sth.，be strict with sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：she's very strict about things like homework. 她對作業(yè)之類的事要求非常嚴(yán)格。 they were always very strict with their children. 他們對子女一向十分嚴(yán)格。也可修飾命令、規(guī)則等，表示“必須嚴(yán)格遵守的”，常和rule/law/limit等搭配。例如：french privacy laws are very strict. 法國的隱私法非常嚴(yán)格。詞

19、性轉(zhuǎn)換：strictly adv.嚴(yán)格地；strictness n.嚴(yán)格，嚴(yán)密（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀a）23. why are there two cartooning classes on the program?a. because the classes are for different age groups.b. because more time is needed to learn cartooningc. because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.d. because some children mig

20、ht want to do both the classes.11. strongadj.強(qiáng)（壯）的；堅固的；強(qiáng)烈的；堅強(qiáng)的 用法：表示“強(qiáng)壯的，力氣大的”，形容體魄，指能干重活，舉起重物等；常修飾hands/arms/muscles等。例如：he picked her up in his big strong arms. 他用粗壯的雙臂將她抱起來。表示“堅強(qiáng)的，堅定的；不會動搖的”，形容意志、感情或觀點等。例如：laura had a strong character. 勞拉個性堅強(qiáng)。表示“堅固的，結(jié)實的”，形容物體不易破損或損壞。例如：the locks on the doors were

21、 solid and strong. 門上的鎖都很堅固結(jié)實。表示“強(qiáng)大的，影響力大的”，或“強(qiáng)烈的”，相當(dāng)于powerful，常用來修飾power/influence等。例如：such feelings may have a strong influence over your decisions. 這種情感可能對你的決定有很大影響。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：strongly adv.強(qiáng)有力地；激烈地；strength n.力量；力氣；strengthen v.變強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)（2019，北京卷，完形）and moments of failure like this build _20_ since then iv

22、e learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. a. trustb. pridec. characterd. support12. stupidadj.愚蠢的，笨的用法：可用來形容人，表示“笨的，頭腦遲鈍的”；形容事物，表示“愚蠢的，傻的”。例如：i couldnt do it, and it made me feel stupid. 這件事我做不來，這讓我感到自己很愚蠢。whose stupid idea was this? 這是誰的蠢主意？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：stupidly adv.愚蠢地；stupidity n.愚蠢；糊涂事同義詞：

23、silly adj.傻的，愚蠢的：silly的語氣要比stupid溫和許多。例如：dont be so silly! theres nothing wrong with you. 別傻了！你什么問題都沒有。反義詞：smart/clever adj.聰明的（2019，浙江卷，語法填空）this old man seemed pretty stupid. but are we so much smarter?（2019，浙江卷，閱讀d）30. the overall tone (總基調(diào)) of this reading is _.a. sad and personalb. personal and

24、 scientificc. informative but sillyd. scientific and informative13. subjectn.題目，主題；學(xué)科，科目；主語 用法：表示“主題，題目，話題”，指對話、討論、書、電影等；on the subject (of)關(guān)于主題；change the subject轉(zhuǎn)換話題；例如：i have nothing more to say on the subject. 關(guān)于這個問題，我再沒有要說的了。在學(xué)校方面，表示“學(xué)科，科目；課程”，例如：my favourite subject is math. 我最喜歡的學(xué)科是數(shù)學(xué)。在語法方面，表

25、示“主語”，與賓語object相對應(yīng)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：subjective adj.主觀的；個人的；subjectively adv.主觀地同義詞：clever adj.聰明的（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀d）32. why does sam say, "and think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"a. to change the subject.b. to introduce his next reason.c. to support liz's idea.d. to find an answer to t

26、he question.14. succeedv.成功，達(dá)成用法：作不及物動詞?！俺晒ψ瞿呈隆辈灰fsucceed to do sth.，而說succeed in doing sth.。例如：he succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被藝術(shù)學(xué)校錄取了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：success n.成功；successful(ly) adj.成功的；有成就的 反義詞：fail v.失敗（2019，山東卷，閱讀b）xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scie

27、ntists had to struggle to succeed.15. suddenadj.突然的；n.突然發(fā)生的事用法：主要作形容詞，可作表語，可作定語；常用來修飾change；作名詞多見于all of a sudden短語中，表示“突然”。例如：a sudden change in the weather 天氣的突然變化all of a sudden, the lights went out. 突然，燈都滅了。形容表面，“平滑的，光滑的”，相當(dāng)于flat。例如：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：suddenly=all of a sudden adv.突然地；忽然（2019，北京卷，閱讀d）32. the w

28、ord "collapse" in paragraph 5 probably means_.a. a sudden failureb. the basic rulec. a disappointing startd. the gradual development16. suggestv.建議，提議用法：suggest sth. to sb.向某人建議某事；“建議做某事”不能說suggest (sb.) to do sth.，而要說suggest doing sth.或者suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth.。例如：jenny suggest

29、ed meeting for a drink after work. 珍妮提議下班后一起喝一杯。i suggest you call him first. 我建議你先給他打電話。熟詞僻義：還可以表示“顯示，表明”，其后可接名詞或that從句；常用于suggest sth. to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：what do these results suggest to you? 照你看，這些結(jié)果說明什么呢？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：suggestion n.建議：是可數(shù)名詞，注意區(qū)分advice（不可數(shù)名詞）同義詞：advise v.建議（2019，北京卷，閱讀d）but dependency on a networ

30、k suggests possibilities of being harmed easily.17. supplyv.&n.供給，供應(yīng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：power supply電源；water supply供水系統(tǒng)；food supply食物供給動詞用法：supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth.為某人供應(yīng)某物。例如：we can supply you with whatever you need. 我們可以提供任何你需要的東西。名詞用法：supply作不可數(shù)名詞，指“供應(yīng)/給，補給”這一動作；作可數(shù)名詞，表示“供應(yīng)量，供給量”。例如：the electr

31、icity supply had been cut off. 電力供應(yīng)被切斷了。books were in short supply. 書籍供應(yīng)短缺。復(fù)數(shù)形式supplies用來特指“（軍隊、探險隊等的）補給（品）”。例如：our supplies were running out. 我們的補給快用完了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：supplier n.供應(yīng)商；supplementary adj.補充的；n.增補物近義詞：provide/offer v.提供（2019，山東卷，閱讀b）32. why did the u.s. order a ban on huawei? a. huawei's sale

32、s in america were growing faster than apple. b. huawei refused to supply services to the u.s. government. c. they didnt want apple to sell parts and services to huawei. d. they thought huawei collected information for the chinese government.18. supposev.猜想，料想，認(rèn)為；假定用法： 不用進(jìn)行式，通常接that從句；例如：i suppose th

33、eyre going to sell the house. 我認(rèn)為他們準(zhǔn)備賣掉這棟房子。be supposed to do/be sth. 應(yīng)該做某事/是某事物。例如：im not supposed to tell anyone. 我不能告訴任何人的。what time are you supposed to be there? 你應(yīng)該幾點到那兒？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：supposition n.推測；假定；supposedly adv.可能近義詞：guess v.&n.猜測，猜想（2019年，山東卷，單項選擇）9.to make rivers than before, everybody is

34、supposed to protect them.a. dirtyb. dirtierc. cleand. cleaner19. sureadj.確信的，肯定的；adv.的確，一定，當(dāng)然 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：for sure確實，毫無疑問地形容詞用法：be sure常接that從句；not sure常接wh-從句；be sure of (doing) sth.確定（做）某事；be sure about sth.對某事有把握；be sure to do sth.一定做某事。例如：are you sure that you know how to get there? 你肯定知道怎樣到那里去嗎？henry

35、wasnt sure how to answer this. 亨利不清楚該如何回答這個問題。they were talking about her, she was sure of that. 他們在談?wù)撍芸隙?。“thats the man i saw last night.” “are you sure about that?” “那就是我昨晚看見的那個男人?！薄澳愦_定嗎？”hes sure to get nervous and say something stupid. 他肯定會緊張，說出一些愚蠢的話來。常用make sure表示“確?！被颉安槊?，弄清楚”。例如：ill lock t

36、he door, just to make sure no one goes inside. 我會鎖上門，就為確保沒人進(jìn)去。i wanted to make sure you were all right. 我想確認(rèn)一下你是否沒事。副詞用法：主要在口語中用于表達(dá)同意；有時會用sure enough果然，果真。例如：“can you give me a ride to work tomorrow?” “sure.” “明天我可以搭你的車去上班嗎？”“當(dāng)然可以。sure enough, mike get lost again. 果然，邁克又迷路了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：surely adv.當(dāng)然，無疑；sur

37、eness n.確實近義詞：certain adj.確定的，肯定的，確信的（2019年，山東卷，動詞應(yīng)用）the driver, too, didn't do his best to make sure that his driving was safe.20. surprisev.使驚奇，使詫異；n.驚奇，詫異 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：what a surprise真想不到；a big surprise大吃一驚；by surprise出其不意地名詞用法：指一種感覺，表示“驚奇，驚訝，詫異”，常見搭配有in/with surprise驚訝地/詫異地；to sbs surprise另謀人驚訝地是；gi

38、ve sb. a surprise讓某人吃驚等。例如：bill looked at him in surprise. 比爾詫異地看著他。much to his surprise, she gave him her phone number. 令他頗感意外的是，她把電話號碼給了他。指某事件，表示“意想不到的事，不同尋常的事”，或“令人驚喜的事物”。例如：“ive got a surprise for you,” she said. “我要給你一個驚喜。”她說道。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：surprised adj.感到驚訝地；surprising adj.令人驚人驚訝的，意外的；surprisingly adv.驚人地；出人意外地（2019年，江蘇卷，完形）when i'm asked to name my favourite place to eat in suzhou, i will reply _13_.13. a. right awayb. in surprisec. at mostd. over there21. symboln.象征，標(biāo)志；符號 用法：表示“象征，標(biāo)志”，