英語句子概論高中.

1、英語句子概論 英語句子的種類 簡單句(simple sentence) 2并列句(compound sentence) 復(fù)合句(complex sentence)簡單句的五種基本句型 The weather is very cold 主語+謂語（建系動詞）+表語 He laughed. 主語+謂語(vi.) I like Chinese food. 主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語 She taught them physics, 主語+謂語(vt)+間接賓語+直接賓語 We must keep the room warm. 主語+謂語(vt) )+賓語+賓語補足語 并列句 把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列

2、連詞連接起來。 I turned on the TV. My sister I turned on the TV and my sister artUi watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didn9t like it. I bought my sister a presentbut【 常用并列連詞：（人什 .f . K F ! and, both.and, not only. but also, 平行并列連詞：neither.nor 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：but, however, while, yet, 因果并列連詞：for, so 并列句

3、選擇并列連詞：oieitheror 復(fù)合句:主句+從句 主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句名詞性從句 定語從句 狀語從句 Noun 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞， 在復(fù)合句 中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。 His job is important. What he does is important This is his job This is what he does every day. I don5t like his job. I don5t like what he does every day I don5t know about the man, Mr. White

4、. 同位語, I don5t know about the fact that he is a teacher.( 主語 表語 Practice time:指出下列各名詞性從句的種類。 1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the 2 She wondered if the buses would still be running. 3 The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run th

5、at far. 表語從句 4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. 賓語從句 5. When we will start is not clear. 主語從句 6 I had no idea that you were her friend Object Clauses afternoon. 賓語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 1. I know him . （簡單句） 主語 謂語 賓語 2. I know who he is 主語 謂語 （復(fù)合句） 連詞從句主語從句謂語 主 句 賓語從句 句子做賓

6、語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： 主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句。 賓語從句的注意事項 引導(dǎo)詞 句子類型 that 陳述句 if/whether （是否） 一般疑問句 特殊疑問詞 特殊疑問句 一、連詞(引導(dǎo)詞) 1. 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(包括肯定句和 否定句)，連詞由that引導(dǎo),因為that在從 句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思, 因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。 Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she woiTt take part in the sports meet

7、ing next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. 賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下 不能省略： (1) 當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語吋, 第二個that不能??； (2) 當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。 (3)用it做形式賓語的賓語從句。 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do

8、. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud 在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞(如soiry, sure, afraid, glad等)作表語時，后面所跟 的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。 Im sorry (that) I dont know Were sure (that) our team will win . Iin afraid (that) he won% pass the exam . 2當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞 whether或if引導(dǎo),“是否”，不能省略。 Lily wanted to know

9、if /whether her grandma liked the handbag Lefs see if /whether we can find out some information about that city She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books 注意 whether 和 if 的使用區(qū)別： l).whether 和 if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 a當(dāng)有 or not 時就用 whether不用 if. I doiTt know whether or not I will stay. b介詞后面的賓語從句不能用 i

10、f I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. Practice time if / whether 1. I asked her if / whether she had a bike. 2. WeJre worried about whether he is safe 3. I donJt know hcdicr he is well or not. 4 I donJt know whether or not he is well. 5 I donJt know whether/if I should go. whether to go.3. 當(dāng)賓語

11、從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞 (what, who, whom, which, whose when where, how, why等)弓 I 導(dǎo), 因為疑問詞在 從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的 意義，所以不可以省略。 Do you know what he said just now ? Iremember when we arrived I asked him where I could get so much money Please tell me who whom we have to see Do you know what time the plane leaves ? 二

12、、時態(tài) 1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時， 現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根 據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過 去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。 I know he lives here I know he lived here ten years ago I have heard that he will come tomorrow 2如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過 去進行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng) 的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進 行時，過去將來時，過去完成時） I knew who lived here. I saw she was

13、talking with her mother He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it 3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理 時用一般現(xiàn)在時。 The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.三、語序 賓語從句的語序用陳述語序: 連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。 I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him. 1. When will he g

14、o to the library? His brother asks when ht will go to the library His brother asks when will he go to the library 2 What does he want to buy ? 幻 don9t know what he wants to buy . I dont know what dots he want to buy 1. The young man asked R) itfs summer or winter A. either B. that C. weather D. whet

15、her 2 We dont know A they did it A. how Be who C what 3. The teacher asks us B Jim can time 4 Does anybody know C we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not A. if where C. whether D that 5. Could you show me D ? A. how can I get to the station B where is the station C. how I could get to the

16、station D how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me C 一 A. what does he like B what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7 My sister told him B A what day was it B when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D where did you liveD which come back on A that C. when D what time 8 Someone

17、 is ringing the doorbell Go and see D A who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is9. Could you tell me how long A. you have bought the watch Be you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D have you been a member of Greener China 10 He says that if it C tomorrow , he _ Pred

18、icative Clauses 表語從句 fishing A will rain , wont go Be rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D rain , will go 表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從 句， 放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞 + 表語從句”。 可以接表語從句的系動詞有 be, look, remain seem 連挾詞：that / whether /as if /as though （if不引導(dǎo)表語從句） who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / h

19、ow / because The question is whether we can rely on him That s because we were in need of money at that time He looked as if he was going to cry That s why I was late 1 衣表語從句中，表“是否”肘，只能用 “whetber” 不能用 “if”。 2 般情況下，“that”不能省。 3 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/fo)is / was that.

20、 4 The reason is that - ! 1. That s _ the Party called on us to do. A why what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine A. because B. why that D. Whether 3 That is _ they separated A. that B what C which 期;where 4. _ Jane is no longer she was four years ago. B. which C.

21、that D when Subject Clauses 主語從句 主語從句：從句農(nóng)句中充多主語成分。 1) That he will succeed is certain 2) Whether he will go there is not known 3) What he said is not true 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out 5) Whoever comes is welcome. 6) It s certain that he will succeed 7) How we can help the twins will

22、be discussed at the meeting 8) When they* II start the project has not been decided yet. 引導(dǎo)詞 一由 that 引導(dǎo) that 無意義，后接一個完整的句子. that 不可省。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the earth is round is known to all. （地球是圓的） 3. That you missed the chance is a pity. （你錯過了這次機會） 二 whether “if”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句 三疑

23、問詞 為了避免主語冗長，句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用 it 作形式主 語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. That we shall be late is certain. Ifs certain that we shall be late 1. That the earth is round is known to alL - Ifs known to all that the earth is round. 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. It is a pity that you missed the chance. 注意一:主語從句后f I i

24、i Lf 、 由連詞 whether,連接代詞 what, who, which 和 連接副詞when,where,why,how 等引導(dǎo)，也常常后置: It的用法：（形式主語） xlt possible/important/necessary/clear. that . 很可能/重要的是泌要的是/很清楚 w Ifs said/ reported. that.據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 x Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知/宣布 x It seems/appears/happens. that. 顯然、明顯、碰巧 * Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無

25、疑 w Ifs a pity/a fact /a common knowledge （眾所周知/ a common saying.（俗話說） 注意二 注意：主語從句中，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù) What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定 What he needs _is_ that book What he needs are some books. 注意三：What與that引導(dǎo)主語從句 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng) 句子成分，如主語，賓語，表語，而 that 則 不然，它在句子中只起連接作用。例如: (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) Th

26、at she is still alive is a puzzle. 1 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true 羸zThat B. Why C. What D. How 2. _ we II go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If 瓠Whether C That D Where 3. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country the First World a. Which; belong t

27、o b As, belonged to What; belonging to d It; belonging to 4. It s known to us all _ a form of energy A water is Jthat water is C. is water D that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A whether 徐徐 that C. what D. when 6. What I say and think _ none of your business 代 is B. ar

28、e C. has D have 同位語從句 常用名詞有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。 Suggestion, suggest order dema nd wish 等 2.常用連詞：that; when, where, why, how eg1 消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. 2. 問題是他如何做這件事的。 跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進 步

29、解釋說明。 It*s the question how he did it. /同值語以句多用that引導(dǎo)，無嗟丈眾可塔。 A have no idea之后纟用wh-引導(dǎo)同佞.語以句。 I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did. 1 .Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a The fact that

30、two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night. We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China. 3. Teenagers should not spend too mucqtim

31、e online./ Many British parents hold the view./ Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online 4. Time travel 吟possible./ There is no scientific proof for There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible 5. Chinese students should be given

32、 more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. 比較： l. We expressed the hope that they had expected 定語從句 我們表達了他們曾經(jīng)表達過的那種希望。 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 同位語從句 我們希望他們再來中國訪問O 區(qū)別