高考地理二輪總復習 微專題1 地理位置課件 (29)

1、第一編專題二七選五閱讀專題二七選五閱讀明晰體裁與題材特點，縮小刷題數(shù)量題 型 透 析試卷體裁題材命題特點2018卷說明文顏色在家庭房間設計時作用及方案1. 以說明文為主，文章結構清晰，內容完整，適合考查文章標題、主題句和過渡句等，從而達到考查對文章結構的理解的目的。2篇章結構通常為：提出問題解決問題。3詞數(shù)300左右，正文詞數(shù)200左右，選項詞數(shù)100左右。4宣揚正能量。體現(xiàn)一種人文關懷，突出情感體驗，能夠非常好地幫助考生建立正確的世界觀和價值觀。卷說明文晨練的好處卷說明文舞蹈的力量與價值2017卷記敘文愛上野營卷說明文如何防打擾卷說明文規(guī)劃睡眠，調整生物鐘2016卷說明文設置密碼卷說明文搭建

2、屬于自己的花園卷說明文買魚和燒魚透析題型設置，采用高效答題技巧探究位置邏輯關系201820172016卷卷卷卷卷卷卷卷卷段首主旨句38題39，40題36，38題40題37題37題38題37題38題段中并列遞進承上啟下轉折讓步例證解釋36,37，39題36，38題37，40題37，38，39題36，38，39，40題36，38，40題36，37，39，40題36，38，39，40題36，37，39，40題段尾總結上文引起下文40題37題39題36題39題實現(xiàn)滿分小目標，方向和方法都重要專項訓練精、準、巧。七選五閱讀主要考查對文章的整體內容和結構，以及上下文的邏輯意義的理解。分析文章結構是很多學生

3、的弱項，因此要對這種理清文章脈絡的能力進行強化訓練。加強歸納段落標題、歸納段落主題句、尋找過渡句、尋找上下文聯(lián)系、尋找下文聯(lián)系等的專項訓練，以此來規(guī)范做題思路，形成好的閱讀習慣。專攻說明文，強化文章結構分析。說明文常就某一個問題從不同的角度來加以說明，文章可以是用來說明某一個存在的社會現(xiàn)象或者我們生活中所面臨的某個具體難題。作者會選擇一個合適的角度，有條不紊地對其加以說明。分析文章結構就是弄清楚文章內容和結構上的關系和布局，理解文章段落之間的聯(lián)系、段落內的關系、句子與句子之間的關系，從而從結構上和內容上分辨選項信息屬于文章的哪一段，或者某一段的哪一部分。這樣就能比較準確地確定選項的位置。規(guī)范做

4、題流程，避免大小失誤。第一步：瀏覽選項，閱讀正文，明確目標。理解選項句意，并找出選項中的關聯(lián)詞。然后帶著選項速讀全文，重點關注文章首尾句、文章標題、段落標題，把握文章大意，理解全文邏輯關系，再根據(jù)上下文語段內容，初步確定部分題目的答案；第二步：仔細閱讀，抓住關鍵，篩選答案。了解了文章大意和選項內容之后，回頭細讀文章，分析上下文語段之間的聯(lián)系，分析空格前后內容的關系，尋找線索詞，匹配關鍵詞，確定有把握的選項。第三步：代入選項，審視差異，確定答案。對于拿不準的選項，多考慮出題人的命題思路和文章主旨，與文章主旨一致和選項往往是正確答案。1 1真題體驗真題體驗2 2技法例析技法例析3 3即時鞏固即時鞏

5、固4 4素能強化素能強化真真 題題 體體 驗驗(2018全國)Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life？Professional？Or are you just looking for

6、 a place to relax after a long day？ 1. _，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 2. _，they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only

7、three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones. A3._ . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less

8、expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves. 4. _ . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more

9、 powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 5. _ . DGFAWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forC

10、If youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major

11、ways文章大意：顏色是房間設計的基本要素之一。這篇說明文介紹了大、中、小三種規(guī)模物品的顏色選擇及各自的優(yōu)點。解析：解本題可用關聯(lián)邏輯法?？涨暗娜齻€問句是問讀者想要尋找什么樣的房間設計，結合空后的color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel可知，不管你想讓你的房間怎樣，顏色是關鍵。本設空類型屬于細節(jié)理解類。解析：解本題可用詞匯鎖定法?？崭窈蟮膖hey指代上文中的techniques，且與A項中的all of them相呼應，代入A項“盡管它們都很有用”，符合語境，故為答案。本設空類型屬于細節(jié)理解類。解析：解

12、本題可用設題位置法。上一段最后提到the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones，再結合最后兩段首句中的medium color choices和the large color decisions可判斷，本段介紹small color choices，故選D項。本設空類型屬于段落主題句類。解析：解本題可用關聯(lián)邏輯法。根據(jù)空后的require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space可知

13、，這里講述兩個方面，這與G項中的in two major ways相照應。本設空類型屬于細節(jié)理解類。解析：解本題可用關聯(lián)邏輯法。根據(jù)空前的the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant可知，大型物品的顏色選擇所需要的時間、精力、費用很大，這恰與F項構成因果關系。本設空類型屬于細節(jié)理解類。名 師 點 津技技 法法 例例 析析1挖空位置推理法段首句(2016全國)_37_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，pattern

14、s and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). _38_. However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall (回憶)your childhood memoriesOur

15、model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden. 典例 1AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy be

16、ing outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，tooGFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have解題思路本題考查主題句。首先形式上要與第二個標題“Recall(回憶) your childhood memories”一致，故在A項和B項之間選擇。再根據(jù)本段倒數(shù)第二句“However，there are a number of other reasons tha

17、t might explain why you want to garden. ”可知，本段主要講要弄清自己為什么要種植花木。嘗試解答： _A(2017全國)_37_In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？ Once you are clear about y

18、our reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to. 典例 2AGet a sleep specialist. BFind the right motivation. CA better plan for sleep can help. DAnd consider setting a second alarm. EIf the steps you take are working，keep

19、it up. FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time，no matter the day. GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.解題思路本題考查段落主題句。形式上應與下一個標題Reconsider morning一致，故在A、B、F和G之間選擇。再根據(jù)空后談到要改變，先要說清楚做出改變很重要的原因；后面談到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告訴你的家人或室友你想做出改變；由此可以推斷出這段總的說找到正確的動機，因此本空選B。嘗試解答： _B段中句段中

20、句 段落內部過渡句 閱讀空格前后內容，挖掘內在邏輯關系，注意銜接詞和體現(xiàn)邏輯關系的信號詞(this/ that/ these/those/such/it.)和核心詞匯的重復，同時注意該段主題句 段落間過渡句 閱讀上一段的結尾和下一段的內容，注意銜接詞和體現(xiàn) 邏輯關系的信號詞(next，also，in addition， however. (2013全國片段)One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materi

21、als and supplies； and accounting. _74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. EThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects. 典例 1解題思路根據(jù)上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的t

22、he third可知，這里是按照順序排列，此處應該是第二條，與E項The second aspect. 吻合。嘗試解答：此題屬并列關系，故選 _表示并列關系的詞有：first(ly)，second(ly)，. ；first，then/next，. ； in the first place，in the second place. ； for one thing，for another(thing)，. ； to begin with，to conclude等詞，表明前后句是邏輯上的并列關系，空格處很有可能是個并列的句子。E(2015北京片段)First，understand that some

23、 opportunities(機會) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. _73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like

24、 taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings. AHaving interesting things to think about also helps. DAt one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. 典例 2解題思路選項A中的also helps與空格前面句子中的help相對應，且兩句話的主語形式統(tǒng)一，都說的是“做白日夢”的條件。嘗試解答：此題屬遞進關系，故選 _遞進關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順

25、承邏輯關系。表示遞進關系的詞有：too，also，besides，further，furthermore，moreover，whats more，in addition，as well，to make matters worse，not. but. ，not only. but also等。A(2014遼寧片段)Protect against UV rays (紫外線). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear

26、 sunglasses. _37_CThey can properly protect your eyes. DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins. 典例 3解題思路空白處前面的句子“No matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses. ”意為“無論是什么季節(jié)，戴太陽鏡是極其重要的”，屬于總結概括句。選項C意為“它們可以適當?shù)乇Ｗo你的眼睛”，本句是對上句觀點的舉例說明，能很好地順接語境。嘗試解答：此題屬例證關系，故選 _前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的

27、例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點)和演練(從觀點到例子)。C(2013全國片段) Get a coach_51_ ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses，here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you. AYou arent like anybod

28、y elseDCheck the rules about dos and dontsEWhatever the presentation，public speaking is tough典例 4解題思路根據(jù)“so get help”可知應填一個表示原因的句子。根據(jù)下句中的“. ready to offer you public speaking training and courses. ”也可知開頭說的與public speaking有關。嘗試解答：故選 _表示因果關系的詞有：so/therefore，thus，consequently(結果)，as a result(of)，so/such

29、. that. ，so that. 等。E(2016全國片段)There are three main types of cryptography. _37_For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me. ”AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. CO

30、nly people who know the keyword can read the message. 典例 5DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to h

31、ide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解題思路根據(jù)for example可知，接下來的舉例講的是選取每個單詞的首字母這一方法來隱藏信息。嘗試解答： _E(2015全國片段)You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost，what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still ha

32、ve and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _40_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their fut

33、ure relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 典例 6解題思路根據(jù)下一句中的Instead(反而)可知此空和下一句形成轉折關系，G項(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見)與之呼應，并且選項中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原詞復現(xiàn)。嘗試解答：此題屬轉折關系，故選 _G(2016全國片段)A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences. To rea

34、d the message of a real code，you must have a code book. _39_For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me. ” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me. ”_40_However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. 典例 7A

35、It is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word

36、spell it out. FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解題思路本題考查的是關鍵詞以及轉折關系。下一句“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”中出現(xiàn)了also hard，所以上一句關鍵詞為hard；另外howev

37、er表示轉折關系，證明上一句與下一句表達的意思相反，即上一句應該是：沒有解密書，是很難去完成解密工作的。嘗試解答：此題屬于轉折關系，故選 _表示轉折或對比關系的詞有：but，however，yet，while/though，or/ otherwise，on the contrary，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still，yet，in contrast/ comparison等。A段尾句段尾句 段落總結收尾類：通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中 查 找 出 表 示 結 果 、 結 論 、 總 結 等 的 關 聯(lián) 詞 ， 如therefore， as a result，

38、thus， hence， in short， to sum up， to conclude， in a word， in brief， in conclusion等。 承接上下文類：此類題目直接承接上下文，并非是概括或總結性語句，解題時要根據(jù)與上下文的邏輯關系, 來確定答案。 (2015北京片段)Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some

39、people use to avoid falling asleep. _74_EIt involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive. FDaydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand. 典例 1解題思路(1)本題為段尾空，屬段落總結概括句，需要關注本段前面的內容。(2)本段主要說明在需要集中精力的時候避免做白日

40、夢也很重要，前一句提出mindfulness這一概念，并用同位語being focused做出解釋。第三步對比信息句和選項，得出答案嘗試解答：_項中的it指代前一句的mindfulness，且attentive與前文的concentrate，being focused，avoid falling asleep語義一致。E(2017洛陽高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wi

41、sely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have. Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false. 典例 2AThus we should try our best to be wise t

42、hinkers. BData can make our life easier and more comfortable. CBut sometimes we may find that data arent everything. DSometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. ENow and then the socalled specific data puzzle us very much. FThe exact data should come from assessment of an actual eve

43、nt. GThere are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. 解題思路本題設空在段尾，空格前的一句論述內容是“如果我們沒有能力運用所學知識和自信去分析數(shù)據(jù)正確與否，那么數(shù)據(jù)對我們來說就毫無意義”。所得出的結論就是“因此我們要盡最大努力成為一名睿智的思考者”，結合線索詞Thus可知正確答案。嘗試解答： _A(2014北京片段)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in b

44、ettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sourc

45、es. _71_典例 3Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. AMake choice that are right for you. GThe following suggestions c

46、an help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.解題思路本題挖空處為第一段段尾。第一段簡要提出我們要學會分析來自各種渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何對這些信處進行分類整理給予一些建議。從文章篇章結構分析，空格起承上啟下的作用。嘗試解答：此題屬承上啟下類，故選 _G2詞匯復現(xiàn)法復現(xiàn)，是為保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復描述。復現(xiàn)關系，主要是指原詞復現(xiàn)、同源詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞/近義詞、反義詞復現(xiàn)等。(2015全國片段)_39_If you

47、ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can expect the best in r

48、eturn. 典 例解題思路由空格后面的內容可以看出，本段主要講的是被背叛了后該怎么辦。選項C中的關鍵詞語“victim”與本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一詞在本段中反復出現(xiàn)，屬于原詞復現(xiàn)，且選項C是對本段的概括總結。嘗試解答： _C3代詞線索法英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞，名詞短語或句子概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they或them指代復數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these或those指代前句的復數(shù)名詞。(2016全國

49、片段)But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult. _17_This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. ADo no

50、t buy it. DIt just requires a little knowledge. 典 例解題思路空格上一句提到買魚、貯藏魚和烹飪并不難，啟承上句，此處指只是需要一些這方面的知識。D選項中的代詞“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish”。嘗試解答： _D4詞匯同現(xiàn)法詞匯同現(xiàn)法是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領域的詞匯在文章中同時出現(xiàn)，達到語意銜接的目的。一般來說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關系越緊密。 (2015全國片段)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation

51、and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. _36_ ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. During the first week，d

52、o not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. BFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your training典 例解題思路空格前講到一個觀點：馬拉松訓練需要精心準備，下面的論述必須在“準備”這一范疇內，且下文中出現(xiàn)了“During the first week”等時間詞匯，本題是指開始訓練前的準備。嘗試解答：此題屬詞匯同現(xiàn)，故選 _C5關聯(lián)詞語推斷法英語的段落之間、句子之間經(jīng)常會用關聯(lián)詞表示銜接或過渡，以使文章更加連貫、表達更加清楚，因此文章中表示各種邏輯關

53、系的關聯(lián)詞在選擇答案時都是很好的線索。常見的關聯(lián)詞有：因果關系：so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result等。條件關系：as(so)long as，on condition that，if，unless等。并列關系：first，second，third. ； firstly，secondly，thirdly. ； first，next，then. ； in the first place，in the second place. ； for one thing，for another thing. 等。轉折關系：however，nevertheless，thou