英語(yǔ)8種時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。二種類： （基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)三用法：1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示， 但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .（包括be動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a）一般現(xiàn)在日t通常與 a

2、lways , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I always watch TV at 8: 00 in the evening .They go home once a week .1 / 15We usually do our homework at home .b）表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c）表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the co

3、untry .4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。a）一般情況動(dòng)t在詞尾加-s .b）以o, s, x, ch, s檢吉尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brusheswatch-watchesfix-fixespass-passes-es.為i力口 “c）以輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞變ycry-criescarry-carriesStudy-studies-s. “以元音字母y” 結(jié)尾的單詞直接加d）stay-staysplay-plays例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。 我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。 他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。 我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。 他喜歡音

4、樂(lè)。 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)2 / 15轉(zhuǎn)。火車(chē)六點(diǎn)出發(fā)。5)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a) He is an engineer.He isn't an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is ./ No, he isn't.b) We get up at 7:30 in the morning .We don't get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?Yes, we do. / No, we don't.c) He likes music.He

5、doesn't like music.Does he like music?Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn't .2一般過(guò)去時(shí)1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in thosedays等連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to last year.They saw a film last night .2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+例句：昨天他很忙。3 / 15去年他抽煙了。兩

6、年前他去參軍了。他在 年去世了。3)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a) He was busy yesterday.He wasn't busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.b) He smoked last year.He didn't smoke last year.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn't.c) He joined the army in 1990.He didn't joined the army in 1990.Did he joi

7、n the army in 1990?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn't.4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcallcalledlaughlaughedExplainexplainedfinishfinishedknockknockedb）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .4 / 15livelivedchangechangedsmokesmokeddiediedgraduategraduateddrivedrovec）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.studystudiedcarrycarried cr

8、ycriedtrytriedmarrymarried字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.playplayed staystayed e）以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加 -ed.stopstoppedplanplannedpatpattedf）動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化:beginbegandrinkdrankkeepkeptleaveleftsleepsleptmakemadelielaydigdugeatateknowknewcutcutsetsetlet letreadreadhurt hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書(shū)。去年我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。每天晚上我聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。她通

9、常待在家里。兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作。5 / 15復(fù)習(xí)：1) I(be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He(be) a student now.3) He(do) his homework at home every day.4) They(join) the Party in 1998.5) We(not eat) apples yesterday.6) We(not play) basketball every day.7) He(not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. 劃線部分提問(wèn)()9) I go to wor

10、k at 8:00 every morning. (劃線部分提問(wèn))10) They joined the Party in 1990. 劃線部分提問(wèn)()11) I went to last year. (劃線部分提問(wèn))3一般將來(lái)時(shí)1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow,the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few day彝連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ will/shall+V原形+(第一人稱用shall)I shall go to tomorrow.They will have a meeting nex

11、t week.She will be 20 years old.Will she be 20 years old?Yes, she will./ No, she won't .6 / 153)主語(yǔ)+ will/shall+丫原形+be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )What will they do next Sunday ?When will they have a meeting?4) be about to + V.原形I am about to leave

12、 school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out")They are about to set out soon.(x )1.He復(fù)習(xí)題：(do) his homework at school every day.2.They(finish) their work yesterday.3 .We(visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。5 .他將騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。6 .他們下周日將去買(mǎi)汽車(chē)。4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 7 / 1

13、52)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +V原形 +He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與 now,atpresent 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be(

14、am, is, are)+ ving +You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present .It's raining hard now.3）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加 -ing study - studying go - goingdo - doingwork workingread - readingthink thinkingwatch watching jum

15、p - jumping以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-ing8 / 15like liking take taking leave - leaving live - living receive - receiving dance - dancing write - writing 以“一個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加 -ingstop - stopping begin - beginning dig diggingswim swimmingrun runningsit sitting（注意：listen listening open ope

16、ning eat eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣現(xiàn)在分詞用途多，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不可缺。它的構(gòu)成很好記，動(dòng)詞后綴ing。詞尾若有啞音e,去e再加沒(méi)問(wèn)題。一輔重讀閉音節(jié)，這個(gè)字母要雙寫(xiě)。還有一點(diǎn)要注意，改ie為y再加ingo以上口訣可以歸納成九個(gè)字“直接加，去e 加，雙拼加” 。6 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1) 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 通常與 at6:00yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+be (was/were) +v- ing +

17、9 / 151. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren't reading-Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句 1. 前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom 正在看電影。2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3. 師看見(jiàn)我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲

18、克。4. I (do) my homework yesterday.5. He (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6. He (do) his homework now.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1) 1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下歹!J時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用up to now, in the past, recently, by , for5 years,since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ have/has + .P(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)

19、1. I've finished this work.2. He has ever been to .3. I have not heard from her recently. 10 / 154. I have already read this book.Have you read？Yes, I have. No, I haven't.What have you read？3)過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 （規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成）不規(guī)則變化如下do did donego went gone eat ate eatenhave had hadwrite wrote written be

20、was/were beensee saw seen hear heard heard swim swam swum drink drank drunk give gave givenforget forgot forgotten take took taken keep kept kept sleep slept slept11 / 15teach taught taught buy bought bought tell told told make made madecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet let let4)注意for, since 引導(dǎo)的1

21、. 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I have bought a book.A)(wrong) I have bought a book for 3 day.I have had a book for 3 years.(wrong) B) He have joined the army for 3 years.He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He has been dead for 3 years. C)He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years

22、 since he died.(wrong) He has died for 2 years.He has gone to .D)12 / 15He has been to .2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別)I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3. 例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書(shū)。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。他們居住在中國(guó)三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob 自從 1997 年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 強(qiáng) 調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，常與by the time, by the end of,before , by等引 導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+ had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)了。He had aught this class for 3 years by