2015年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)二試題及答案解析

1、2015年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In our con temporary culture, the prospect of com muni cat ing with - or even look ing at - a stra nger is virtually un bearable. Every

2、 one around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phon es, even without a 1 un dergr ound.It's a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings - because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stra nger sta nding by you. But you would n't know it,

3、 3 into your phone. This uni versal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we n eed to hide 5 our scree ns?One an swer is fear, accord ing to Jon Wortma nn, executive men tal coach. We fear reject ion, or that our innocent social adva nces will be

4、6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Stra ngers are in here ntly 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 whe n com muni cati ng with them compared with our friends and acqua intan ces. To avoid this an xiety, we 10 to our pho nes. "Ph ones become

5、our security bla nket," Wortma nn says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .But once we rip off the ban daid, tuck our smartph ones in our pockets and look up, it does n't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experime nt, behavioral scientists Ni

6、cholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters t

7、hought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participa nts did n't expect a positive experie nee, after they 17 with the experime nt, "not a sin gle pers on reported hav ing bee n sn ubbed."18 , these commutes were rep

8、ortedly more enjoyable compared with those sans com muni cati on, which makes absolute sen se, 19 huma n beings thrive off of social connection s. It's that 20 : Talk ing to stra ngers can make you feel conn ected.1. A ticket B permit C signal D record2. A noth ing B li nk C a no ther D much3. A

9、 beaten B guided C plugged D brought4. A message B cede C notice D sig n5. A under B beyond C behind D from6. A misin terpret B misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched7. A fired B judged C replaced D delayed8. A un reas on able B un grateful C unconven ti on al D un familiar9. A comfortable B a nxious

10、 C con fide nt D angry10. A attend B point C take D turn11. A dangerous B mysterious C violent D boring12. A hurt B resist C bend D decay13. A lecture B con versatio n C debate D negotiatio n14. A tra in ees B employees C researchers D passe ngers15. A reveal B choose C predict D design16. A voyage

11、B flight C walk D ride17. A went through B did away C caught up D put up18. A In turn B In particular C In fact D In con seque nce19. A un less B si nce C if D whereas20. A fu nny B simple C logical D rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the qu

12、esti ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D. Mark your an swers on ANSWERSHEET. (40 poi nts)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people?s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at wo

13、rk and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“ Further con tradicti ng conven ti onal wisdom, we found that wome n as well as men have lower levels of stress at work tha n at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say

14、 they feel better at work, she notes. “ It is men, nc women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both thoseanith chwithout, but more so for non pare nts. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn?t

15、 measure is whether people are still doing work when they?re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they n ever get to leave the office. And for wome n who work outside the home

16、, they ofte n are playi ng catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurri ng of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well beh ind the workplace a making adjustme nts for work ing wome n, it ?s not surpris ing that wome n are more stressed at home.But it?s not just a gen der thing. At work, p

17、eople pretty much know what they?re supposed to be doing: work ing, marking mon ey, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an in come. The barga in is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or men tal labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, peo

18、ple have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are in adequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be tal

19、ked into it, or if they?re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electr onic devices. Plus, they?re your family. Y ou cannot fire your family. You n ever really get to go home from home.So it?s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infin

20、ite, the co -workers are much harder to motivate.21. Accord ing to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that homeA offered greater relaxatio n tha n the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measureme ntC gen erated more stress tha n the workplaceD was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. Ac

21、cord ing to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Childless wivesB Worki ng mothersC Childless husba ndsD Worki ng fathers23. The blurri ng of worki ng wome n's roles refers to the fact thatA it is difficult for them to leave their officeB their home is also a place for kicking ba

22、ckC there is often much housework left beh indD they are both bread winners and housewives24. The word “moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably meansA skillsB en ergyC earningsD nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in thatA division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutB home is hardly a c

23、ozier working environmentC household tasks are gen erally more motivat ingD family labor is ofte n adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-ge nerati on college stude nts- those who do not have a pare nt with a college degree- lag other stude nts on a range of educati on ach

24、ieveme nt factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since suchstudents are most likely to advanee economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created“ a paradox ” -igehetae«ru

25、sttude:iTsi, but then watching many ofthem fail, means that higher education has “ continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievementclass, accord ing to the depress ing begi nning of a paper forthco ming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimis

26、tic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which in volves a on e-hour, n ext-to-no-cost program) can close 63 perce nt of the achieveme nt gap (measured by such factors as grades) betwee n first-ge nerati on and other stude nts.The authors of the paper ar

27、e from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unn amed private uni versity. First gen eratio n was defi ned as not havi ng a pare nt with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-ge nerati on stude nts(59.1 perce

28、 nt) were recipie nts of Pell Gran ts, a federal grant for un dergraduates with finan cial n eed, while this was true only for 8.6 perce nt of the stude nts wit at least one pare nt with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest i nterve nti on could have a big impact- was based on t

29、he view that first-ge nerati on stude nts may be most lack ing not in pote ntial but i n practical kno wledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college stude nts. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be n arrowed to close the achieveme nt g

30、ap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middless culture of higher education, learn the ,rules of the game,? and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don?t talk Otaut thadva ntage and disadva ntages of differe nt grou

31、ps of stude nts. Because US colleges and uni versities seldom ack no wledge how social class can affect students ?educational experienee, many first -generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not un dersta nd how stude nts? like them can improve.26. Recruit ing more first-

32、gen erati on stude nts hasA reduced their dropout ratesB n arrowed the achieveme nt gapC missed its origi nal purposeD depressed college stude nts27. The author of the research article are optimistic becauseA the problem is solvableB their approach is costlessC the recruit ing rate has in creasedD t

33、heir finding appeal to stude nts28. The study suggests that most first- gen erati on studentsA study at private uni versitiesB are from single-parent familiesC are in n eed of finan cial supportD have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-ge nerati on studentsA are actua

34、lly in differe nt to the achieveme nt gapB can have a pote ntial in flue nce on other stude ntsC may lack opport un ities to apply for research projectsD are in experie need in han dli ng their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph thatA universities often reject the culture of t

35、he middle-classB stude nts are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD colleges are partly respon sible for the problem in questi onText 3Even in traditional offices, “te lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotiona

36、l and much more right- brained tha n it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Busin ess School professor Nancy Koeh n. She started spinning off exam|you and I parachuted back to Fort une 500 compa nies in 1990, we would see much less freque nt use of terms like journ ey, missio n, passion. There were goal

37、s, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn?t talk about energy; we didn?t talk about passi on.Koeh n poin ted out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very-orie ntettena”d not by coin cide nee."Let?s not forgesports in male- dominated corporate America, it?s still a bi

38、g deal. It?s not explicitly conscious; it?s the idea that I?m a coach , and you?re my team, and we?re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of th emselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also inten ded to

39、 in fuse work with meaning and, as Khura na poi nts out, i ncrease allegia nce to the firm. have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,Khurana. ” saidThis new f

40、ocus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “ mommy wars ” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can?t have it and books like Sheryl Sandberg?s Lean In, whose title has become a b

41、uzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack,ban dwidth, and capacity are all about sett ing boun daries betwee n the office and the home. But if your work is youryou?llbe more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and the n work ing long after

42、the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Every one makes fun of it, but man agers love it, compa nies depe nd on it, and regular people willi ngly absorb it. As Nun berg said,“ You can get people to think it?s nonsense at the saminttinie that yIn a workplace that?s fun dam

43、e ntally in differe nt to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you re late to your work and how your work defi nes who you are.31. Accord ing to Nancy Koeh n, office Ian guage has becomeA more emotio nalB more objectiveC less en ergeticD less strategic32. “ Tear-brie n

44、ted corporate vocabulary is closely related toA historical in cide ntsB gen der differe nceC sports cultureD athletic executives33. Khura na believes that the importati on of term ino logy aims toA revive historical termsB promote compa ny imageC foster corporate cooperati onD stre ngthe n employee

45、loyalty34.lt can be in ferred that Lea n InA voices for worki ng wome nB appeals to passi on ate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motivated employees35. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is true about office speak?A Man agers admire it but avoid itB Lin guists believe it to be

46、nonsenseC Compa nies find it to be fun dame ntalD Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Departme nt reported for June, along with the drop in the un employme nt rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the eco

47、nomy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employme nt, but at least we are now fin ally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of peo

48、ple who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work beca

49、use this is all they can get. An in crease in in volu ntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an in crease in involun tary part-time in June, but the gen eral direct ion has bee n dow n.

50、 In volu ntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the differe nee betwee n volu ntary and in volu ntary part-time employme nt because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Departme nt asks peo

51、ple is they worked less tha n 35 hours in the reference week. If the an swer isassifiedas worked less tha n 35hours in that week because they wan ted to work less tha n full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they

52、 chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of volun tary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get in sura nee outside of employme nt. For many people , especially those with serious health con diti ons or family members with serious health co

53、n diti ons ,before Obamacare the only way to get i nsura nee was through a job that provided health in sura nee.However, Obamacare has allowed more tha n 12 milli on people to either get in sura nee through Medicaid or the excha nges. These are people who may previously have felt the n eed to get a

54、full-time job that provided in sura nee in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no Ion ger a link betwee n employme nt and in sura nee.36. Which part of the jobs picture are n eglected?A The prospect of a thrivi ng job market.B The in crease of volu ntary part-time m

55、arket.C The possibility of full employme nt.D The accelerati on of job creati on.37. Many people work part-time because they.A prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.B feel that is eno ugh to make ends meet.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.D have n?t see n the weak ness of the market.38.

56、I nvolu ntary part-time employme nt is the US.A is harder to acquire tha n one year ago.B shows a gen eral tendency of decli ne.C satisfies the real n eed of the jobless.D is lower than before the recession.39. It can be lear ned that with Obamacare,.A it is no Ion ger easy for part-timers to get in

57、 sura neeB employme nt is no Ion ger a prec on diti on to get in sura neeC it is still challe nging to get i nsura nee for family membersD full-time employme nt is still esse ntial for in sura nee40. The text mai nly discusses.A employme nt in the USB part-timer classificati onC in sura nee though M

58、edicaidD Obamacare?s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the listA -G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET