(完整word版)上海版牛津英語8BUnit4知識點梳理配套雙基

1、八年級第二學期牛津英語知識點梳理及配套練習Unit 4 A New Newspaper知識點梳理：I 詞組1 soon after2publish a newspaper3hold a meeting4write a report about sth. for sb.5after school6at the next meeting7decide to do8elect sb. to be sth.9the chief editor10vote for sb.11take charge of12ought (not) to = should (not)13ask for suggestions

2、14class / school newspaper15the Reading Club16take notes17different sections of the newspaper18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.19make a list of sth.20be free to sb.21pay sb. money for sth.22have different ideas23a bit longer24make a decision about sth.25agree to do26agree with sb.27ag

3、ree on sth.28conclude the meeting29in one week s time = in a week(in)considerate (a.)(不)體諒人的publishing (n.) 出版 publisher (n.) 出版者 (社 )不久之后 出版一份報紙舉行會議 就某事寫一篇報告給某人 放學后 在下一次會議上 決定做某事選某人做 主編 投票給某人 負責 應(yīng)該 征求建議 班/校報 讀書俱樂部 做記錄，做筆記 報紙的不同欄目 與某人討論某事 列出的清單 對某人是免費的 為付給某人錢 意見各異 （時間 ）久一點 做決定 同意做某事 同意某人 在上達成一致 結(jié)束會議

4、 一個星期后II. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1. consider (v.) 考慮2. publish (v.) 出版III.語言點1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight stude nts at Mayfield School wan ted to publish a newspaper.soon after 意為“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副詞短語，用作時間狀語；也可作連接詞， 引導時間狀語從句。2. They held a meeti ng.句中的 hold 作動詞，意為“舉行”。此處 hold 可用 have 代替。3. We elected J

5、oyce to be the chief editor.elect 此處意為“選舉，推選”。elect sb. to be 意為“選舉某人擔任(職務(wù))”也可表示為：elect sb. as4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experie nee.句中 experienee 作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗”。當作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“經(jīng)歷”。have experienee 可意為 be experieneed。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeti ng.句中的 charge

6、 為名詞，意為“任務(wù)，責任”。常見的搭配有：take charge of 和 in charge of。此處 take charge of 與 be in charge of 與 be responsible for 可替換。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary n ext.ought to 是個助動詞，意為“應(yīng)該”，與 should 同意。7. She asked for suggesti ons.ask sb. for.意為“向某人尋求”suggestion 意為“建議”，為可數(shù)名詞；與 advice 的不同之處在于，advice 為

7、不可數(shù)名詞。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中 talk sth. over 是“詳細討論”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”來表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?free 意為“免費的”，be free to sb.意為“對免費”pay for 意為“付款”。3.edit (v.)編輯editor (n.)編輯4.choice (n.) 入選者choose -chose -chose n (v.)選擇5.vote (v.)投

8、票voter (n.)投票人6.elect(v.)選舉elector (n.)選舉人electio n7.suggest (v.)提議suggesti on (n.)建議8.experienee (n.)經(jīng)驗experie need (a.)有經(jīng)驗的9.brief (a.)簡短的briefly ( ad.)簡短地10.decide (v.)決定decision (n.) 決定11.con elude (v.)結(jié)束conclusion(n.)結(jié)論12.respon sible (a.)有責任的respon sibility (n.)責任13.(dis)agree (v.)(不)同意(dis)ag

9、reeme nt (n.)(不)同意14.read (v.)閱讀reader (n.)讀者(n.)選舉【比較】 spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend 的主語通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take 常用于“占用、花費”時間，其主語通常為形式主語 it 或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth = Sth.takes sb.some time.(3) pa

10、y 為“付款、賠償 ”之意，主語通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：(4) cost 的主語必須是某物。常用用法是 sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.have different ideas 意為“意見各異” 。a bit 意為一點”。1) a bit 不能直接修飾名詞，須用a bit o

11、f。2) a bit 可修飾形容詞及形容詞副詞的比較級，作程度狀語。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then.agree to do something 意為“同意做某事” ；agree with 意為同意，贊成”，后接表示人或意見觀點的詞；agree on/upon/about 意為“在某方面達成一致意見” 。IV. 語法情態(tài)動詞一、主要特征。情態(tài)動詞后的動詞都用原形。構(gòu)成疑問句，通常把情態(tài)動詞放在主語前；構(gòu)成否定句， not 放在情態(tài)動詞之后，其縮寫形式為cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt 等。二、主要用法。1. 用 c

12、an, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意為“能夠” ，否定形式為 cannot 或 cant。如： He can speak five foreign languages.could 是 can 的過去式。 因此， 對于過去的時間(如 yesterday, last week 等)， 我們不用 can 或 cant,而用 could 禾口 couldn 。如： When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to 一般可以代替 can,也可以表示能力。但can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時(could )

13、,而 be able to 則有更多的時態(tài)形式。如： My little brother has been able to write.2. 用 must 與 must n have to 與 don have to, n eed nt 表示義務(wù)。(1) must 用以表示“必須做某事”或“一定要做某事” ,具有強制性,表示一定的責任或義務(wù)。如： The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt 是 must 的否定形式,表示“禁止；絕不允許” ,具有強制性。如： You mustnt play football in the s

14、treet.(3) must 沒有過去時,要表達過去的含義,我們可使用 had to 代替 must。此外， have to 側(cè)重這種“義務(wù)”或“責任”源于某種客觀情況或規(guī)定，并非說話者本 人能夠控制。如： We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.don have to 與 need nt 是不必”的意思，沒有強制性。兩者意思相近，但在使用時， 前者有人稱、時態(tài)的變化；后者沒有人稱變化，而且一般表示現(xiàn)在時間的含義。如： It has just rained, so he doesnthave to water the garde(n.)Yo

15、u neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must 用于一般疑問句中，其肯定和否定回答應(yīng)引起注意。如： Must we go now?我們一定要走嗎？- Yes, we must.是的，我們一定要走。- No, we mustnt.不，我們不可以走。Must I finish the work this week?我一定要在這星期完成這項工作嗎？- Yes, you must.是的，你一定要完成。- No, you neednt.不，你不一定要完成。從以上例子中可以看出， 用 must 提問的一般疑問句

16、， 否定回答并不一定是 mustn 。根 據(jù)實際含義和情況，我們需要正確選用mustnt 或 neednt 來回答。3. 用 can, could 與 may 表示“許可” 。(1)在請求對方的許可，或是準許你做某事時，常用情態(tài)動詞can, could 和 may。can 最為常用； could 較為婉轉(zhuǎn)，更有禮貌； may 則比較正式。如： Can you open the window?- Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly. Would you help me carry my suitcas

17、e?- No, I m afraid not.常見的肯定回答： Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常見的否定回答： Im afraid I cant/ Of course not.5. 用 must 和 cant 表示“猜測” 。(1) must 表示說話者對某事的發(fā)生或情況很有把握，意為“肯定；一定”。如： Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) can 表示說話者有相當?shù)陌盐沾_定某事不會發(fā)生，意為不可能”。女口： Youve just had lunch. You can b

18、e hungry.如：Can I open the window? Could I borrowa pencil, please? May I leave earlytoday?(2) 表示給予許可時，通常用 can 或 may， 如：Could I borrow a pencil?May I sit here?4. 用 can, could 與 would 表示“請求” 。 當我們需要別人的幫助時， 常使用 can, 回答時， could 和 would 則很少使用。- Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you can t.-Yes, certainly. / No, I m af

19、raid not.- Yes, you may. / No, you may not. 而不用 could。- Of course you ca(n.)- No, you may not.could 和 would 這三個情態(tài)動詞進行提問， 但在6. 用 should 和 ought to 表示“義務(wù)”和“建議” 。(1) should 和 ought to 表示應(yīng)該做某事，或做某事的動機是正確的。一般可以相互替換。如： You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to 的否定形式為 ought not to 或

20、oughtnt to 。構(gòu)成疑問句， 把 ought 提前至主語前。 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should 和 ought to 用在疑問句中時，常用來詢問他人的見解或建議。 如： Ought I to finish myhomework now?- Yes, you ought to.(4) should 和 must 的區(qū)別在于：前者多用于勸說他人的錯誤行為或給予他人一些建議，不 具備強制性； 而后者意為“必須” ， 用于規(guī)定或約束他人的行為， 具有強制性。如

21、：You shouldnt be cruelto animals.You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should 和 ought to 常與動詞 think 連用。 如： I think Carol should buy some new clothes.Its late. I think I ought to go home now.賓語從句一、概念。 在句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句可分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞 的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。二、語序。 賓語從句的構(gòu)成為“引導詞 + 主語 +

22、 謂語 + 其他”，其語序是陳述句語序。三、引導詞。1. 如從句是陳述句，用連接詞 that 引導( that 在口語或非正式文體中常省略) 。 如： We know (that)there are two kinds of sports.2. 如從句是特殊提問句，用連接副詞 why, when, where, how 或連接代詞 who(m), what, which 引導。如： Do you know why I like team sports?I don t know how they got the tickets.3.如從句是一般疑問句，用連接詞 whether 或 if 引導(口

23、語中常用 if)if 和 whether如;I donknow whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4.如從句是選擇疑問句，多用連接詞 whether 引導，特別是與or not 連用時。如： I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、時態(tài)。1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。如： I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.I have heard that he will

24、come back next week.2. 如果主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)也要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如： He said that there were no classes yesterday.Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、 自然現(xiàn)象等時， 不管主句是什么時態(tài)， 從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、從句的簡化。1. 當主句謂語動詞是 find, see, watch, h

25、ear 等感官動詞時，從句可簡化為“賓語 +賓補”結(jié) 構(gòu)，賓補為不帶 to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground.- She found the wallet lie on the ground.I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.- I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 當主語謂語動詞是 wish, decide, plan, agree, hope 等，且主句和從句的主語相同時， 從句 可簡化為不定式結(jié)

26、構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.- She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在連接副詞 /代詞引導的賓語從句中， 當從句的主語和主句的主語或和間接賓語一致時， 賓語從句可簡化為“連接副詞 /代詞 +不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I havent decided when I will leave for Beijing.- I haven t decided when to leave for Beijing.Can you tell me how I can get to the stat

27、ion?- Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在 if 或 whether 引導的賓語從句中，當主句和從句的主語相同時，從句有時也可簡化為 “ whether+ 不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I am not sure if I will go with you.- I am not sure whether to go with you.He doesnt know whether he will stay here or not.- He doesnt know whether to stay here or not.( ) 16. My p

28、arents decided tome to Disneyland inHong Kong. I am lookingExercises for Chapter 4I. Choose the best answer （選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?，?A、 B、 C 或 D 表示，填入空格內(nèi)。 ）() 1. Every time we met difficulties, we asked our teachers _ advice.A. aboutB. forC. ofD. with() 2. The problem should be _ carefully before they concluded

29、the meeting.A. talked overB. talked toC. talked withD. talked about( ) 3. The Chinese people expect that the 2010 EXPO _ successfully in Shanghai.A. will be taken placeB. will happenC. will holdD. will take place( ) 4. The members of the group _ me to take charge of _ notes.A. decided, taking B. ele

30、cted, taking C. decided, takeD. elected, take() 5. If you have tried your best, you _ worry about anything.A. can tB. needn ttoC. needntD. mustn t( ) 6. Who would like to make me a list _ the activities you will do during yoursummer holiday?A. withB. ofC. forD. among() 7. Now that the newspaper is _

31、, why don twe each have one copy?A. briefB. chiefC. paidD. free() 8. Would you please tell us _ ?A. what you will make an arrangement tomorrowB. that you will make an arrangement tomorrowC. how you will make an arrangement tomorrowD. how will you make an arrangement tomorrow ( ) 9.Tom graduated from

32、 hisuniversity, he got a job as a reporter.A. Soon after B. Since C. As D. Though ( ) 10. We all agreewhat you said. Let doas you said.A. atB. onC. withD. about() 11. You will have to _ the landlady 100 dollars _ the rent.A. cost, onB. spend, inC. use, forD. pay, for( ) 12. There are twenty books on

33、 the shelf. Some are in English, _ are inChinese.A. othersB. the othersC. other D. another( ) 13. The teacher told us that weA. goB. wentC. will goD. would go( ) 14. She fell ill yesterday. She is _ worse today.A. veryB. littleC. everD. a bit( ) 15. I _ do the work myself. No one wants to help me.A.

34、 have toB. canC. mustn tD. needon a holiday next weekends.forward to_ with them soon.A. take, goB. tak ing, goingC. tak ing, goD. take, going()17. My father ofte n_ n ewspapers at breakfast whe n he once lived in London.A. seesB. looksC. looks atD. reads()18. A:_does your brother do a haircut?B: I n

35、ot clear, maybe once a mon th.A. How soonB. How muchC. How ofte nD. How long()19. We considered the question for a long time. The underlined part means_ .A. thoughtB.solvedC.thought overD. thought of()20. Our meet ing concluded at 10 p.m. The un derl ined part means_ .A. finishB. came to an endC. en

36、dD. startedII. Complete the sentences with the give n words box in their proper forms(用括號中所給單詞的適當形式完成下列句子)1.They told me that they would consider the problem and let us know their(decide).2. We can make a_(suggest) by asking Why not do something byrsaying Letdo someth in g.3. In China and some En gl

37、ish-speak ing coun tries, we shake our heads to show_.(agree)4. Im the_(nine) one from the left in the photo.5. It stime for us to finish our_ . (discuss)6. In_(briefly), he is an hon est man. You can trust him.7. My holiday is full of differe nt kinds of_ . (experie nee)8. The old_ (edit) ofte n gi

38、ves suggesti ons about how to run a n ewspaper.9. Ch ina Daily has a large nu mber of_ (read).10. He fini shed all the work by_(he) in a week.III. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改寫句子，每空格限填一詞)1. The newspaper ought to give a report on it in details.( 改為否定句 )The n ewspaper_ _ to give a report on

39、 it in details.2. The room can hold 100_ people.(劃線提問)_ _ people can the room hold?3. The publishing house publishes children s books.(劃線提問 )_ _ _ the publish house publish?4. All Lucy sfriends voted for her.(劃線提問)_ _ all Lucy friends vote_ ?5. Have you decided what events to take part in?(改為賓語從句)Co

40、uld you tell me_ _ _ decided what eve nts to take partin ?6. We have an importa nt meeti ng to atte nd,_ _ ?(改為反意疑問句)7. The news he told me was exciting.(改為感嘆句 )_ _ n ews he told me!8. You mustn throw paper here and there.(改為同義句 )You_ _to throw paper here and there._ _ paper here and there.IV. Cloze

41、 Text:A) Choose the words or expressi ons and complete the passage(選擇最恰當?shù)膯卧~或詞語，完成短文.)Most America ns don like to get advice from members of their family. whe n they n eed advice,they don usually ask people they know. 1, many America ns write letters tonewspapers and magazines which 2 advice on many

42、different subjects, including 3_, the use of Ianguage, health, cook ing, child 4, clothes, and 5 to buy a houseor a car.Most n ewspapers gen erally print letters from readers with problems. Alo ng with the letters,there are answers 6 by people who are thought to know how to solve such problems. some

43、 of thesewriters are doctors; 7 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice arewomen without special training for this kind of work.()1.A.In steadB. ButC. I nstead ofD. Though()2. A.receiveB. takeC. getD. give()3.A.situati onsB. weatherC. pla nsD. family problems()4. A.att

44、e ndB. careC. nurseD. no tice()5. A.howB. whatC. whichD. why()6. A.calledB. n amedC.sentD. writte n()7. A.otherB. othersC. ano therD. the otherB) Read the passage and fill in the bla nks with proper words(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。)The first n ewspapers were w_ by hand and put up on walls i

45、n public places.The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59BC. In the 7thcentury, the world first printednewspaper was p_. Europe didn have a regularly (有規(guī)律地)publishedn ewspaper u_ 1690, whe n on was started in Germa ny.the f_regularly published n ewspaper in the En glish Ian guage was pu

46、blished inLondon and was published once a w_. The first dailyEn glish n ewspaper was theDaily Curre nt .It came out in March 1702.Today, as a group, English Ianguage newspaper have the largest circulation(發(fā)行量)in the w.But the largest circulation for a newspaper is the Japanese newspaper Asahishimb un .It s_more tha n