CollegeEnglishWriting《大學英語寫作》PPT課件

1、College English Writing大學英語寫作Lecture 1How to Use WordsHow to Write Well1. Read more and read well (多讀善讀多讀善讀) 讀書破萬卷， 下筆如有神 熟讀唐詩三百首， 不會寫詩也會吟 開卷有益 Reading is always profitable Some books to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested（有些書可以一嘗， 有些書可以吞下， 有不多的幾部書則應當咀嚼消化， . 對于少數(shù)

2、好書， 則要精讀、 細讀、 反復地讀。）閱讀時要注意下面四點： 1）語篇結(jié)構(gòu) 2）句法結(jié)構(gòu) 3）詞匯慣用法和固定搭配 4）英漢兩種語言在表達方面的異同2. Practice more and write more（勤寫多練）（勤寫多練）Writing is always profitable.各種形式的寫作實踐：寫英文日記diary、 書信letters、 做漢譯英練習translation、 寫文章摘要abstracts、 寫讀后感、 縮寫短篇名著、 寫各種命題作文compositions、 寫觀后感等等。多讀胸中有本， 勤寫筆下生花3. Learn and Master writing s

3、kills （掌握寫作技巧）（掌握寫作技巧）一般的英語寫作可分為兩大階段：寫前準備階段(prewriting)寫作和修改階段(Writing and rewriting)寫作的過程1） 審題：審題： 審清寫作的文體、 主題、 題目要求的對象和范圍、寫作的側(cè)重點等。2） 擬寫提綱：擬寫提綱：理清思路， 規(guī)劃文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，勾畫文章的輪廓； 主次分明，脈絡清楚。3） 提筆成文：提筆成文：開個好頭、 自然行文、 準確表達、 句式多樣、 自然結(jié)尾。J. Austin: Pride and PrejudiceIt is a truth universally acknowledged that a si

4、ngle man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. （一個舉世公認的真理.）4） 復讀與修改：復讀與修改：斟酌句式文法， 用詞準確， 表達完整；文稿格式， 標點符號的正確使用，大小寫， 字體書法等。How to Use Words How to Use WordsI. Word Formation:1. Conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化): Nothing dries sooner than a tear. 什么也沒有眼淚干得快。 Only thus can we better the life of the p

5、eople.2. Compounding(合成合成): What they need is a down-to-earth spirit. She sent me a forget-me never. 3. Derivation(派生派生): 詞根詞根(Base) +后綴后綴(Suffixes) : globe, global, globalize, globalization 詞根詞根(Base) +前綴前綴(Prefixes): like: dislike, unlike; write: pre-write, rewrite4. Clipping(截短法截短法) 或或Shortening(

6、縮短法）縮短法）: 1) 截頭：截頭：telephonephone aeroplaneplane bicyclecycle2) 去尾：advertisementad mathematicsmaths examinationexam5. Blends(混合詞混合詞): news broadcast newscast新聞廣播 television broadcast telecast電視播送 6. Acronym(首字母縮略詞首字母縮略詞):WTOWorld Trade OrganizationUNESCO; OPEC; NBA不及物動詞匯 + 介詞：depend on, rely on, ins

7、ist on, concentrate on, focus onbelieve in, persist in, participate in, succeed in, specialize inaccount for說明, compensate for補償, apologize for, pay forconsist of, approve of, dream of, inform of, remind ofescape from, suffer from, benefit from, refrain from抑制, aim at, laugh at, stare at, gaze atobj

8、ect to, refer to, confess to承認, react to, 動詞動詞 + doing:abandon, admit, advocate倡導, anticipate期望，預料, appreciate感激，欣賞, avoid, be busy doing, cant face doing不能面對, cant help doing不禁, cant stand doing 不能忍受, celebrate doing, 2. 介詞短語：介詞短語： because of, due to, for the sake of, in comparison with, in contras

9、t with, according to，等等。3. 連詞短語：連詞短語：not only but also, neithernor, either or , no soonerthan, 等等。IV. How to use words in writing一、 選詞要準確恰當：1. 從文體上，從文體上， 恰當使用正式文體用語和非正恰當使用正式文體用語和非正式文體用語：式文體用語：children kids manfellow guy Other examplesstatesman, politicianbe sorry, regret; apologize abolish , cease ,

10、 suspend, discontinue, stop , pause, truce, haltbear, endure, tolerate, stand, put up with二、二、 措詞匯要具體：措詞匯要具體：從語義上，從語義上， 恰當使用一般詞匯和具體詞匯：恰當使用一般詞匯和具體詞匯：概括性的、籠統(tǒng)的、抽象模糊的詞匯叫一般詞匯；詳細的、 具體的、 生動鮮明的詞叫具體詞匯。例如： professionals(專業(yè)人員)和scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists等；scientists 和physicists, chemist

11、s, biologists 等He is a good man. : kind, honest, just , generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable三、三、 用詞匯要簡潔：用詞匯要簡潔：言簡意賅、字字珠璣言簡意賅、字字珠璣能用一個詞表達的不用詞組， 能用一個詞或一個短語表達的不有用從句。Because of the fact that becauseBecome accustomed to be used toWith the exception that exceptIn spite the fact

12、that although四、四、 用詞要符合文化語言習慣：用詞要符合文化語言習慣：1. 符合英語搭配習慣：符合英語搭配習慣：make a living, make a decision, make a choice, make a plan, make ones promise make a noisedo me a favor, do ones jobacquire knowledge 獲得知識get a job 獲得工作achieve success 獲得成功gain reputation 獲得聲譽attain ones end 達到目的2. 符合英語文化習慣：符合英語文化習慣：He is eating lunch. (錯)I am having my lunch.（對）Smoking is harmful to your body. (錯)Smoking is harmful to your health.