外文翻譯---鋁加工

1、.附錄A外文翻譯原文部分Aluminum alloy processingAluminum alloy market researchThe aluminum strap is our country national economy development important basis material, widely applies in professions and so on aviation, astronautics, building, printing, transportation, electron, chemical industry, food, medicine.

2、 In recent years, under the economical fast development's impetus, our country aluminum strap's investment elevated temperature unceasingly, the aluminum strap consumption quantity continued maintains the stable growth. Profession and so on outer wall construction and interior decoration, al

3、uminum foil manufacture, printing, PS version, manufacturing industry, electrical appliances, food packing demands further enhance, become the prime motors which the aluminum strap consumption quantity grows, simultaneously, the transportation shipping industry is becoming the new expense point of g

4、rowth.Along with the economical development and consumption level's enhancement, the aluminum sheet, the belt, the foil consumption quantity assumes the trend of escalation. Our country aluminum material expense peak after 2005 arrives, and achieves the peak in 2012, the year demand surpasses 10

5、,000,000 tons. But the present our country aluminum sheet strip consumption quantity, average per person expends the world average level 1/2, the board strip expense is the developed country 1/10-1/34, high accuracy aluminum sheet strip dependence import solution. Moreover the import volume large sc

6、ale is growing every year, expends the growth movement to be obvious, therefore the market prospect favors. The effects of alloying elementsThe properties and characteristics of aluminum, such as density, conductivity, corrosion resistance, finish, mechanical properties, and thermal expansion, are m

7、odified by the addition of alloying elements. The resulting effect depends upon the principal alloying elements used, as detailed in the table below.Wrought Alloy DesignationMajor Alloying Elements and Typical Alloy Characteristics1xxx SeriesMinimum 99% aluminumHigh corrosion resistance. Excellent f

8、inishability. Easily joined by all methods. Low strength. Poor machinability. Excellent workability. High electrical and thermal conductivity.2xxx SeriesCopperHigh strength. Relatively low corrosion resistance. Excellent machinability. Heat treatable.3xxx SeriesManganeseLow to medium strength. Good

9、corrosion resistance. Poor machinability. Good workability.4xxx SeriesSiliconNot available as extruded products. 5xxx SeriesMagnesiumLow to moderate strength. Excellent marine corrosion resistance. Very good weldability. 6xxx SeriesMagnesium & SiliconMost popular extrusion alloy class.

10、 Good extrudability. Good strength. Good corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Good weldability. Good formability. Heat treatable. 7xxx SeriesZincVery high strength. Good machinability. Heat treatable. ProcessingPlastic processing methods will billet aluminum ingot processing to become

11、 useful, the primary means of a rolling, extrusion, and forging such as stretching. Aluminum Fabrication in the early 20th century began to form industrial production, 30 years ago, basically used copper production equipment, products mainly used in aircraft manufacturing. After the 1960s, aluminum

12、production has developed rapidly, the annual growth of about 4 to 8 percent, products widely used in aviation, construction, transport, electrical, chemical, packaging and industrial sectors such as daily necessities. Second only to iron and steel output, ranking second in the metal materials. China

13、 in the mid-1950s into the larger aluminum processing plants, formed a production system, products have been serialized, there are seven varieties of alloy, produces sheet, strip, foil materials, pipe, bar, sections, wire rod and Forging (free forgings, forging pieces of) eight categories of product

14、s.Aluminum and aluminum alloy plastic processing, and should ensure that products meet stability requirements for consistent dimensional accuracy, mechanical properties and good surface quality. We must pay attention to mechanical damage and corrosion prevention and control grain size and organizati

15、onal structure. These requirements depend largely on the quality of production technology and equipment to ensure that. Aluminum alloy and plastic generally has a better, easier to plastic processing. Al hardware components of the more complex, there is a low melting and metal compounds and other in

16、tergovernmental organizations brittle, and its plastic processing of some of the features: a uniform treatment such as the elimination of billet spindle cooling, the internal stress within the crystal and segregation; blank tablet Milling to the surface to remove the low melting of the surface of se

17、gregation. Some aluminum to improve corrosion resistance and to carry out the processing of Baolv. Aluminum is overheating sensitivity, we must strictly control the temperature.Looking from the market demand what the amount used are most is the aluminum foil semifinished materials and the aluminum s

18、ystem pot material. Therefore the positive coal group plans product in the near future for hot rolling aluminum volume semifinished product, aluminum plate, decoration aluminum sheet, PS version base, forward for aluminum system pot material. The aluminum system pot material is this plan goal produc

19、t. initially enters the aluminum processing according to the investigation and study situation and the expert opinion as well as the positive coal group the actual situation, plans to use casts rolls over + the cold rolling technology craft to produce the aluminum strap. casts rolls over + the cold

20、rolling technology craft production aluminum strap is sends in unceasingly continually through the continuous casting rolling mill the aluminum liquid in the revolving roller, simultaneously completes the cooling coagulation and the rolling distorts two process production aluminum tube blank volume,

21、 again after working procedure production strap products and so on cold rolling, finishing, cutting. In domestic and foreign is one item very mature and the popular vanguard technology. The hot rolling + cold rolling craft way main technological process is the board spindle's casting, the hot ro

22、ugh rolling production aluminum tube blank volume adds the cold rolling.The plate, the strip production use the even roller rolling, essential working procedure for hot rolling, cold rolling, heat treatment and finishing. To duralumin alloy and so on chemical composition complex LY12, LC4, before ho

23、t rolling, should carry on uniformized processing. The processing temperature is lower than in generally the alloy the low melting point eutectic temperature 1015, keeps warm for 1224 hours. Duralumin alloy's alclad is wraps the aluminum sheet to place passes through the face milling semifinishe

24、d product spindle both sides, with the aid in hot rolling welded together. Alclad level's thickness is generally plate thickness 4%. Hot rolling carries on generally above the recrystallization temperature. Hot rolling may carry in the single rack reversing mill, or implements the tandem rolling

25、 on the multi-racks. In order to raise the rate of finished products and the production efficiency develops the big ingot casting rolling, the spindle is above 1015 tons. The annual output in 100,000 tons following factories, generally reversible hot rolling and uses in the heat with four rollers th

26、e volume craft, hot rolling strip thickness is about 68 millimeters. Output 100,000 tons above factories, many after four roller reversible hot-rolling mill cogging uses the single rack or two racks, three racks, five rack tandem rolling, implements the hot finish rolling, strip thickness may amount

27、 to 2.53.5 millimeters. After hot rolling strip coiling, takes the cold rolling semifinished materials. Has the best plasticity for the guarantee metal, should carry on under the single-phase organization condition hot rolling. Alloy and so on 2A12 hot rolling cogging temperatures are 400455. The fi

28、rst several while going along strain rate in 10%, later gradually will increase generally. The pure aluminum and the soft aluminum alloy while going along strain rate may reach 50%, the duralumin alloy is about 40%. The hot rolling total strain rate may reach above 90%.The cold rolling often carries

29、 on under the room temperature, may obtain the size through the cold rolling to be precise, surface bright and clean and smooth thin plate and strip, and may obtain has the specific mechanical properties work hardening plate and the strip. The cold rolling mainly uses the belt law technique of produ

30、ction, applies four roller reversing mills or four roller irreversible rolling mill carries on the cold rolling, current develops the irreversible rolling mill to carry on the cold rolling. The rolling mill equipment has the hydraulic pressure to depress, the fluid to bend the roller, thickness auto

31、matic control system or measured that the roller seam thickness automatic control system and the shape of strip control meter, by the miniature electronic accounting machine control, the record, stores up each kind of parameter, obtains the size to be precise, shape of strip smooth board strip, if 0

32、.18 millimeter strip common difference may amount to ±5 the micron. The small factory also has the type law production plate. After the annealing, the aluminum cold-work rate may reach above 90%. The heterogeneity duralumin alloy cold finishing hardening is obvious, needs the intermediate annea

33、ling. After intermediate annealing's cold-work rate is 6070%. Hot rolling lubricates with the emulsion, the cold rolling already by the emulsion development was the entire oil lubrication. Uses the independent control spray nozzle's multistage cooling system, reduces the aluminum sheet and r

34、oller's friction, cools the roller, controls the roller, washes off the aluminite powder and other impurities, obtains the good surface quality and the shape of strip.附錄B外文翻譯譯文部分鋁加工塑性加工方法將鋁坯錠加工成材，主要方法有軋制、擠壓、拉伸和鍛造等。鋁加工在20世紀(jì)初開始以工業(yè)方式進行生產(chǎn)，30年代以前，基本上沿用銅加工的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，產(chǎn)品主要用于飛機制造。60年代后，鋁材生產(chǎn)發(fā)展很快，每年大約增長48，產(chǎn)品廣泛應(yīng)

35、用于航空、建筑、運輸、電氣、化工、包裝和日用品工業(yè)等部門。產(chǎn)量僅次于鋼鐵，居金屬材料第二位。中國于50年代中期建成較大型的鋁加工廠，形成了生產(chǎn)體系，產(chǎn)品已系列化,品種有七個合金系,可生產(chǎn)板材、帶材、箔材、管材、棒材、型材、線材和鍛件（自由鍛件、模鍛件）八類產(chǎn)品。鋁和鋁合金的塑性加工，應(yīng)保證產(chǎn)品達到穩(wěn)定、一致的所需尺寸精度、力學(xué)性能和良好的表面質(zhì)量。還要注意防止機械損傷和腐蝕，控制晶粒度和組織結(jié)構(gòu)。這些質(zhì)量要求主要靠生產(chǎn)工藝及設(shè)備來保證。鋁及其合金一般具有較好的塑性，易于塑性加工。硬鋁的相組分較復(fù)雜，存在低熔相和金屬間化合物等脆性組織，它的塑性加工具有一些特點：如進行均勻化處理消除坯錠冷卻時產(chǎn)生

36、的內(nèi)應(yīng)力和晶內(nèi)偏析；坯錠表面要進行銑削加工，去掉低熔相產(chǎn)生的表面偏析物。某些鋁合金為提高耐蝕性和加工性還要進行包鋁。鋁合金有過熱敏感性，必須嚴(yán)格控制加熱溫度。熔煉和鑄造 是為塑性加工提供坯錠。熔煉爐多用燃?xì)夥瓷錉t或燃油反射爐，一般容量為2040噸或更大；也采用電阻加熱反射爐，容量一般為10噸左右。為縮短裝爐時間，提高熔化效率，減少吸收氣體和卷入氧化膜，工業(yè)上已采用傾轉(zhuǎn)式頂裝料圓型爐。熔煉時最好應(yīng)用快速分析儀器分析合金成分，并及時調(diào)整。為保證熔體純潔，防止有害氣體的污染和控制化學(xué)成分，除了盡可能縮短熔煉時間外，宜用以氯化鉀和氯化鈉為主的粉狀熔劑覆蓋，一般用量為爐料重量的0.42。熔煉溫度通?？刂?/p>

37、在700750。熔化后的金屬還需進行精煉和過濾，以除掉金屬中的有害氣體氫和非金屬夾雜物，以提高金屬純潔度。精煉通常用固體精煉劑或氣體精煉劑。固體精煉劑一般以氯鹽為主，也用以六氯乙烷代替氯鹽的精煉劑。早期使用活性強的氯氣作氣體精煉劑，凈化效果雖好，但對環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,因此發(fā)展出氮-氯混合氣體、惰性氣和三氣體（N2、Cl2、CO）精煉劑,效果較好。為保證精煉效果，精煉氣體中的氧和水分含量一般應(yīng)分別小于0.03（體積）和 0.3克/米3。動態(tài)真空除氣法也具有較好的除氣和除鈉效果過濾是讓熔體金屬通過中性或活性材料制成的過濾器，除去熔體中處于懸浮狀的夾雜物。常用玻璃絲網(wǎng)、微孔陶瓷管和板、氧化鋁粒作過濾床進

38、行過濾，也可用電熔劑精煉、熔劑層過濾。鑄造一般采用立式或水平式水冷半連續(xù)鑄造法。為改善立式鑄造的坯錠組織和表面質(zhì)量，還發(fā)展出電磁結(jié)晶槽、矮結(jié)晶槽和熱頂鑄造法（見金屬的凝固）。水冷半連續(xù)鑄造法是通過流槽將液體金屬導(dǎo)入用水冷卻的結(jié)晶器內(nèi)，使液體金屬冷卻形成凝固的外殼，由鑄造機底座牽引或靠自身重量均勻下降而脫出結(jié)晶器，形成坯錠。工藝參數(shù)因合金成分和坯錠尺寸的不同，差異很大。一般應(yīng)盡量提高鑄造速度和冷卻速度，降低結(jié)晶槽的高度。鑄造溫度通常比合金的液相線高50110。此外,還發(fā)展出鋁板帶連續(xù)鑄軋工藝。板材、帶材生產(chǎn) 采用平輥軋制，基本工序為熱軋、冷軋、熱處理和精整。對化學(xué)成分復(fù)雜的 LY12、LC4等硬鋁合金，熱軋前應(yīng)進行均勻化處理。處理溫度一般低于合金中低熔點相的共晶溫度1015，保溫1224小時。硬鋁合金的包鋁