定語從句-全版+練習(xí)

1、定語從句一、常見考點(diǎn)和問題1. 什么是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？如何判斷該選擇關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？2.什么是限制性定語從句？什么是非限制性定語從句？3.什么情況下只能使用that？反之，什么情況下只能用which？4.as的用法有哪些？怎么與which區(qū)別？ 5.介詞+which/whom在使用時(shí)，介詞由什么來決定？6.常見的抽象地點(diǎn)名詞有哪些？7.定語從句中的主謂一致？二、解答考點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又稱關(guān)系詞，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句、代替先行詞并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。用法見下表：詞例先行詞充當(dāng)成分例句關(guān)系代詞who人主語This is the doctor who saved my life .

2、whom人賓語She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you .that人&物主語、賓語（指人相當(dāng)于who或whom，指物相當(dāng)于which）which物主語、賓語1.Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.as物主語、賓語The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.whose=of whomof which人&物定語The

3、 professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams關(guān)系副詞when=atinonduring which時(shí)間狀語Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.where=atinto which地點(diǎn)狀語This is the house where he lived.why=for which原因狀語I know the reason why she works so well.2、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制

4、性定語從句非限制性定語從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標(biāo) 點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開關(guān)系代詞指人who (that) whom指人who（作主語）whom（做賓語）指物which (that)指物which人和物的whose人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省去關(guān)系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾一個名詞或代詞可以修飾一個詞也可修飾整個主句翻譯定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨(dú)立的句子3、關(guān)系代詞which和that的選

5、用1）只能用that做關(guān)系代詞的情況：只能用that做關(guān)系代詞的情況例句1當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時(shí)(something除外)Pay attention to everything that I do.2當(dāng)先行詞被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)He has little time that he can spare.3當(dāng)先行詞被序高考資源網(wǎng)數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)This is the best novel (that) ha

6、ve read.4如果出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，并同時(shí)兼指人和物時(shí)They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.5當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修飾時(shí)This is the last time that I I want to see you.6.在疑問詞who, which, what開頭的特殊疑問句中,為了避免重復(fù)只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about h

7、istory.7當(dāng)定語從句為there be 句型時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that,也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.8當(dāng)指人或物的關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that,也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was. 2）指物只能用which 不用that的情況:只能用which 不用that的情況:例句1在非限制性定語從句中St Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful c

8、ity.2在介詞后面This is the room in which we lived last year.3）指人時(shí)只能用who不用 that的情況: 只能用who不用 that的情況例句1先行詞為one, ones，those，anyone，he時(shí)Those who break the law must be punished.4、 as與which的區(qū)別as與which均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as: 多用as的情況:例句1與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用asSuch books as you read are interestingSuch mo

9、ney as he earned was spent on books.2as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首, as 表“正如.正象”之意As we all know, the earth is round.5.介詞+which/whom在使用時(shí)，介詞由什么來決定？1) 介詞與定語從句中的動詞構(gòu)成固定搭配 These are the wires with which different machines are connected. 2) 介詞與定語從句中的形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配 The author, with whom all of us are familiar, will visit our c

10、ompany. 3) 介詞與先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配 There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.4) 主句與從句的邏輯關(guān)系 These are my glasses, without which I cant see things clearly. 6.常見的抽象地點(diǎn)名詞有哪些？situation, position, case (where= in which)point, stage (where= at which)condition (where= on which) activity, relationsh

11、ip, family, class, platform ，process等 例句：We are forced into a situation, where/ in which we have to reduce our production largely.7、定語從句中的主謂一致*定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致:1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this jobII、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練第一波: 用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空： 1. Because of

12、 my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 4. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?5. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbou

13、r.6. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 7. This is the very letter _came last night. 8. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all _ you have told him.10. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?11

14、. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.12. I live in the house _ windows face south. 13. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.14. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. 15. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.

15、16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.17. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War . 18. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well. 19. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?20. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt worki

16、ng hard enough. 21. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.22. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.23. He is absent， _ is often the case.24. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.25. This is the only book _

17、 I can find.26. This is the only one of the students _ handwriting isthe best.27. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.28. This is the professor _ taught me chemistry in 1980.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練第二波: 用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：1. The weather was very sunny the following day, _ was what we hadnt expected.2. The

18、 man about _ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.3. I have finished reading all the books _ were borrowed from the school library.4. I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of _ writes smoothly.5. Is this the second time _ you have been to Guangzhou 6. I cannot forget the time _ I st

19、ayed in the country with those farmers.7. _is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop.8. Lu Xun, _ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays.9. Can you think of another example _ this phrase can be used?10 This is the store _ my father runs.11.

20、 The train on _ he is traveling is late.12. I visited Hong Kong last month, _ live my uncles and aunts.13. Do you still remember the happy days _ we spent together in Beijing?14. Don't talk about such things _ you are not sure about.15. I have bought the same skirt _ she is wearing.16. He came o

21、ut top in the exam, _ made his family very happy.17. Is this the reason _ he is late again?18. I don't think the reason _ he explained at the meeting was reasonable.19. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone _ family was very poor.20. Can you think of other ways _ we can solve this proble

22、m?21. I, _ am your best friend, will help you out.22. I attended the meeting last month, _ lots of people talked about that topic.23. The day will come _ the people all over the world will win liberation.24. On my birthday I got a watch from my uncle, _ was made in Japan.25. The students are talking about the strange people and stories _ they met in the adventure.26. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.27. He is the very man in _ pocket I found my lost money.28. _was usual, he arrived at school just befor