初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致精講及精練.doc

1、初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致精講及精練.doc 一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 they often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： my f

2、amily are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書(shū) 20 美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 there is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。 二、 主謂一致常考題型

3、 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： the desk is toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 the students are playing football on the playground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為"許多'，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。例如： many a student has been to shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。 3. more than one

4、+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如： more than one student has ever been to beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如： two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。 tweney pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英鎊并不太重。 ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 five minus four is one. 5 減 4

5、 等于 1。 5. 主語(yǔ)是 each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： one and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。 7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： to see is to belie

6、ve 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： a student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： mike with his father has been to england. 邁克同

7、他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。 mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 10. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但 and 所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。例如： the writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) the writer and the teache

8、r are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 11. people,police 等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： people here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 his family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 my family all like watching tv. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybod

9、y,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如： is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 nobody was in. 沒(méi)有人在家。 13. each,either,neither,another,the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： each of them has an english dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。 neither answer is

10、correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。 14. 以 s 結(jié) 尾 的 名 詞 本 身 不 表 示 復(fù) 數(shù) 意 義 ， 謂 語(yǔ) 通 常 用 單 數(shù) 形 式 ， 如news,maths,physics 等，例如： no news is good news. 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。 maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。 15. 由 bothand 連 接 兩 個(gè) 單 數(shù) 名 詞 作 主 語(yǔ) 時(shí) ， 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 用 復(fù) 數(shù) 形 式 ； 由or,eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞

11、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。例如： both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。 tom or jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。 either this one or that one is ok. 這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。 16. a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： a number of famous people were invited to party. 許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。 t

12、he number of the students is over eight houndred. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò) 800 人。 17. 當(dāng) kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與 kind,pair,glass 等一致。例如： this pair of shoes is toms. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。 there are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。 18. the+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。例如： the poor are very

13、 happy,but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂(lè)，富人卻過(guò)得不快樂(lè)。 the beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以 here，there 開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與 臨 近 的 主 語(yǔ) 一 致 。 例如： there is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本書(shū)，三只鋼筆。 here are some books and paper for you. 這 是 給 你 的 書(shū) 和紙。 、 主謂一致精練 1. either jane or steven _watch tv

14、 now. a. were b. is c. was d. are 2. two days _enough for me to finish the work, i need a third day. a. isnt b. is c. aret d. are 3. how many lessons do you usually haver a day? six lessons a day. and each of then _45 minutes. a. last b. lasts c. have d. are 4. neither liping nor i _ a basketball pl

15、ayer. a. am b. is c. be d. are 5. there _ many new words in lesson one,it is very easy. a. is b. arent c. isnt d. are 6. the number of the students in our school _1200. a. is b. are c. has d. have 7. maths _ my favourite subject. a. be b. is c. am d. are 8. the boy with the two dogs _ when the earth

16、quake rocked the ciry.a. were sleeping b. is sleeping c. was sleeping d. are asle 9. every one except tom and john _ there when the meeting began. a. are b. is c. were d. was 10.that place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there.a. neither b. both c. all d. some 11. nobody but jane _ th

17、e secret. a. know b. knows c. have know d. is 12. whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? there _ some eggs and cakes on it. a. is b. are c. was d. were 13. this pair of glasses _ mine. a. are b. be c. is d. will be 14. both lily and lucy _ to the party yesterday. a. invited b. was invited c.

18、 had invited d. were invir ( ) 1. -have you got some water to drink? -here you are. there_ still some in the bottle. a. are b. were c. is d. was ( ) 2 ._ there many american friends in the school last friday?a. is b. was c. are d. were ( ) 3. there _ a great many accidents last year. a. were b. are

19、c. is d. was ( ) 4 .-how many children _ in the picture?-three. a. has there b. is there c. have there d. are there part 2 ( ) 1. in 1850, about a third of u. s. a_ covered by forests.a. were b. has been c. / d. was ( ) 2. most of our earth_ covered by water. a. are b. is c. was d. were ( ) 3. sunda

20、y _ the first day of the week.a. is b. are c. am d. be ( ) 4.neither_right.a. answers are b. answers aren"t c. answer is d. answer isn"t part 3( ) 1. the population of the world _ still _ now.a. has; grown b. will; grow c. is; growing d. is grown ( ) 2.there _ many people running in the pa

21、rk every morning.a. is b. were c. are d. have ( ) 3. these police often_the children across the street. a. help b. helps c. helping d. is helping part 4( ) 1. _ going to england by air next week. a. the green family are b. the greens family are c. the green"s family are d. green family are ( ) 2.the whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now. a. is all b. all is c. all are