中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法 形容詞

1、中考專題復(fù)習(xí)二輪 形容詞中考要求： 形容詞和副詞的中考要求是：形容詞改為副詞（根據(jù)句子的需要）；形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；某些特殊變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)（littlelessleast等）；形容詞的同級(jí)比較（as/ so . as.的用法）；形容詞比較級(jí)的疊加句型（如：The more you study，the better you will get）（1） 定義：說(shuō)明人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞 的詞叫形容詞。（二）形容詞的用法和在句中的位置1. 作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞(something，anything，nothing，everything)之后

2、。Its a cold and windy day. The beautiful girl is my sister. I have something important to tell you. Would you like something hot to drink？( ) What a _ cough! You seem _ ill.A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terribleC. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly ( ) Wait a minute, I have to tell you. A

3、. something interested B. something interesting C. interesting something D. anything interesting 【2013綏化】 How do you like the talk show? I think its _, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring【2013黔西南】 The old man is so lonely

4、that he hopes to know about_ every day . A. special something B. special anything C. something special D. anything special2.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。(look,feel,smell,sound.)He looks happy today.Our school is big and clean.I felt terrible this morning.( ) Jim is _ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do

5、 very _ in the exams. A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good ( ) This egg smells _ , though it looks all right. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后。 I find it hard to travel around the big city. You must keep your eyes closed.4. 某些形容詞放在定冠詞之后，變成名詞，表示一類人。常見的形容詞有： dood/ ba

6、d , rich/ poor, young/bad, deaf/ blind,black/ white,living/dead The young should be polite to the old.The rich should hlep the poor.5. 表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后?！咀ⅰ吭谟⒄Z(yǔ)中，表示事物的長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深等時(shí)，主要有兩種表達(dá)方式：結(jié)構(gòu)：“基數(shù)詞 + 單位名詞+ 形容詞（long,wide,tall, deep等）”。如果數(shù)詞超過(guò)1，單位名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。【注】單位詞有： meter; foot; inch; kilogram 等 Ya

7、o Ming is over 2 meters tall. The river is 50 meters wide.How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.6. 只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞： afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightened The man is ill.（正） The ill man is my uncle.（誤）7. 只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞： little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長(zhǎng)的 My elder

8、brother is in Beijing.（正） My brother is elder. （誤）8 貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely ( ) The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel . A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly （三）、形容詞的排列順序當(dāng)名詞被多個(gè)前置形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞之間有一個(gè)先后順序問(wèn)題。一般規(guī)則為： （限定詞）一般描繪性形容詞表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞表示年齡、新舊的形容詞表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞

9、表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞（名詞）。 縣限官觀行形令齡射色國(guó)才材 There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. （四）、有一些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式 be +glad, happy, pleased+ to do sth.sorry, sad, sure, kindready, afraid, ableeasy, difficultIm very sad to hear the bad news.（五） 常見名詞變形容詞的方法：名詞構(gòu)成方法意義舉例表示天氣的名詞-y多.的cloud cloudy wind- win

10、dy sun-sunny 表示方位的名詞-ern的方位west western east eastern表示稱謂的名詞-ly般的friend friendly 表示時(shí)間的名詞- ly 每.的week weekly day daily表示物質(zhì)的名詞 - en制成的wood wooden gold golden表示情感的名詞- ful- y-less的無(wú)的care-careful use useful luck-lucky noise- noisyhope- hopeless care-careless表示大洲和國(guó)家的名詞-n. 的的人Asia Asian America- American【20

11、13莆田】The Internet is really_to usWe can easily find information on it Aboring Buseful CInteresting【2013日照】Mary is so _ she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. A. usefulB. carefulC. thankfulD. helpful形容詞的幾個(gè)常用句型.2. 1. “It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示；對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎樣的3. It is + adj. + of sb. to do

12、 sth. 意為：某人做某事是怎樣的。 這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞It is important _ Tom to work on his fathers farm. Its very necessary_students to listen to teachers carefully.Its very kind _you to help me3. 表示能力和意志的形容詞，ready（樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others. He is su

13、re to get to school on time.II、形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 1. 分類：形容詞有原級(jí)，比較級(jí) (“更加/比較. 的”)，最高級(jí)(“最.的”). 原級(jí)變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。(A).規(guī)則變化： 單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞的規(guī)則變化. (1).一般在形容詞詞尾直接加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 直接加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2). 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，只需加r構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 加st構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest

14、, largelargerlargest (3). 以輔元輔結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)形容詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加 er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest （ ）It was yesterday than today. A. Hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest (4). 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)， busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. (5) 部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和多音節(jié)

15、形容詞在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 在原級(jí)前加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)， tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more relaxingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful （B） 不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最muc

16、h許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)2.形容詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：一、原級(jí)的用法1.只能修飾原級(jí)的詞，very，quite，so，too,rather He is too tired to walk on. The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟) I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂)( ) The girl was afraid she threw her bag awa

17、y. A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to ( ) The two friends were _ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything A. so B. too C. very D. much ( ) Let's go out for supper now. I'm very . A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty ( ) It is very to listen to him. A. interested

18、 B. interesting C. interested in D. interest 【2013泉州】 What should we do to reduce food waste? In a restaurant only order as_ as we need and try to eat it up. A. much B. more C. most 2.原級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)句子使用原級(jí)的兩大標(biāo)志 a. 當(dāng)句中含有as (so)as時(shí)，句子一般使用原級(jí). (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as) （1）A= B-A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ as +adj / adv的原級(jí)+ as +B

19、表示 “A和B一樣” 表示兩者之間沒有差別：Tom is as old as Kate. Tom is twice as old as Kate. His English is as good as yours. ( ) I don't think English is Chinese. A. as important as B. not important asC. not so important D. important as【2013玉林】Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as

20、 well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as （2） AB-A +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B 表示 “A不如B” 表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人： This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 當(dāng)形容詞前含有quite, so, too, very等副詞時(shí)，句子一般用原級(jí)，He is too tired to walk on. I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. 二、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法1.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞.mu

21、ch，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一點(diǎn)兒even甚至，still仍然 講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物超過(guò)第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)?；揪湫停?A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+B+. A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了) Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.( ) You look than before， why? A.

22、 more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner ( ) Things are _ worse than I thought. A. more B. few C. very D. much 【2013北京】Debbie is growing fast. She is even_ than her mother. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest2.句子使用比較級(jí)的三大標(biāo)志： a. 當(dāng)句中含有than一詞時(shí), 句子一般使用比較級(jí), 結(jié)構(gòu): “形容詞比較級(jí)+than. ”,

23、 意為:“比更加”. Tom is taller than Kate. ( ) I think Chinese is _ than maths. . Interesting B.more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting 【2013營(yíng)口】 What do you think of the price of gold in the world? Nowadays it is getting much than before. A. lowB. lowerC. lowestD. the lowesb. 當(dāng)句中含有, A o

24、r B? 時(shí)，句子一般使用比較級(jí)。Which pen is newer, this one or that one? ( ) Which is , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box? A. Heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest c. 當(dāng)句中含有of the two (+n) 時(shí)，句子一般使用比較級(jí)。 He is the younger of the two students【注】形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)1形容詞比較級(jí)前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, sligh

25、tly之類表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： Hes feeling much better today. 2也可在比較級(jí)前any, no, some, even, still這類詞：Do you feel any better today?  3比較級(jí)前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞：My sister is ten years younger than me.  【注】 形容詞比較級(jí)的特殊用法1."The + 形容詞比較級(jí)., the + 形容詞比較級(jí).", 表示"越., 就越.". The more, the better! ( ) _ she eats

26、, _ she'll be. A. More; fat B. The more; fatter C. More;the fatter D. The more;the fatter 【2013黔西南】 Remember this , children . _careful you are , _mistakes you will make . We know , Mr. Li .A. The more; the more B.The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less2. "形容詞比較級(jí) +

27、and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來(lái)越. ". It's getting hotter and hotter. 3. 形容詞最高級(jí)用法1. 句子使用最高級(jí)的四大標(biāo)志：a. the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 （in/of+比較范圍） He is the tallest of all the boys She is the tallest student in our class.( ) Of all these books, do you think, which one is ? A. interesting B. much interestin

28、gC. more interesting D. the most interesting 【2013成都】David is _ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him. A.tall B. taller C. the tallest【2013漳州】Do you know Lin Shuhao? Yes. He is one of basketball players in the NBA. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular【注】 在句子中，形容詞最高級(jí)前一般必須有定冠詞the.

29、當(dāng)形容詞的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，就不再用定冠詞theJim is my best friend. Johns worse habit is getting up late. b.the +序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . c. one of +the +形容詞的最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 He is one of the cleverest students in our class.（ ） The Huang He River is one of in China. A. The

30、 long river B. the longest river C. the longest rivers D. the longer river d. “特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較。 Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？( ) Which subject do you like , English Chinese or maths? A. best B. well C. better D. good 四.級(jí)別的轉(zhuǎn)換1).原級(jí)與比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 a). 倍數(shù)+ as a

31、s (倍數(shù)-1)+比較級(jí)+than This room is five times as big as that one =This room is_ _bigger than that one . b).not asas 與比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 A +not as as + B A+比較級(jí)(反義詞的比較級(jí)) +than +B B+比較級(jí)+than+A Mary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is _ _ Tom. = Tom is _ _ Mary .This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is _ _

32、than that one = That book is _ _than this one .2).比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 a). the +最高級(jí)+ of / in +any other +單數(shù)名詞 b). 比較級(jí)+than +the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +anyone else +any of the other+復(fù)名 c). Nobody else + 比較級(jí) + than Tom is the tallest boy in our class. Tom is taller than _ _ boy in our class.Tom is taller than _ _ in our

33、class. _ _ is taller than Tom in our class.五.級(jí)別的慣用法1. “比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越”。 He is getting taller and taller.2. “the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越，越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.3.“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+of the two+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。(of the twins/parents)Look at the two boys. My brother is the tall

34、er of the two. 4. 當(dāng)adj 的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,名詞所有格,指示代詞時(shí),不用the . This is my best book of all.5. 相比較的前后兩部分必須是同類比較. My pencil is longer than _(you).6.比較時(shí)不能與自身相比 注: 當(dāng)相比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時(shí),為了與自身相比較, 要用any other +單數(shù)名詞. 若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時(shí),不必用other ,直接用any + 單數(shù)名詞. He is taller than _ boy in his class. He is taller than _boy i

35、n our class . A.any B.any other 7.有些含有比較級(jí)的句子里，常用that(單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞)、those (復(fù)數(shù)名詞)代替前面提到的詞，以避免重復(fù)。The weather in Beijing is colder than _ in Guangzhou in winter.The boys in our class are more than _ in your class.練習(xí)題1. Now the air in our home town is _ than it was before. Something must be done. A. much bet

36、ter B. more worse C. more better D. much worse2. Our holiday was _. Yes. Ive never had _. A. such great; a better one B. greatly; a good one C. so great; a better one D. very good; the best one3. Why dont you ask Tom to do it? -I dont know whether he is _ to. He sometimes makes things worse. A. poss

37、ible B. able C. afraid D. easy4. The coat I bought last week is too big for me. Id like to change it for a _ one. A. small B. large C. nicer D. smaller5. Why not make a kite yourself? You dont need _ for it.A. anything special B. something special C. special anything D. special something6. _ you eat butter, cream and ch