材料的力學(xué)行為,試驗(yàn)及加工性能

1、Mechanical behavior, testing, and manufacturing properties of materials材料的力學(xué)行為，試驗(yàn)及加工材料的力學(xué)行為，試驗(yàn)及加工性能性能n1 Tension 拉伸拉伸n2 Compression 壓縮壓縮n3 Torsion 扭轉(zhuǎn)扭轉(zhuǎn)n4 Bending (Flexure) 彎曲彎曲n5 Hardness 硬度硬度nThe tension test is the most common test for determining such mechanical properties of materials as strength

2、, ductility, toughness, elastic modulus, and strain hardness.n拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)是測(cè)定材料機(jī)械性能的常用方法，如強(qiáng)度、延展拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)是測(cè)定材料機(jī)械性能的常用方法，如強(qiáng)度、延展性、韌性、彈性模量性、韌性、彈性模量 和應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化。和應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化。nStress-Strain curves 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線1 Tension 拉伸拉伸nelastic deformation 彈性變形彈性變形nplastic deformation 塑性變形塑性變形nyield stress 屈服應(yīng)力屈服應(yīng)力nthe stress at which plastic

3、deformation occurs is known as the yield stressn塑性變形發(fā)生時(shí)的應(yīng)力塑性變形發(fā)生時(shí)的應(yīng)力nproportional limit 比例極限比例極限nproportional limit is used to specify the point where the stress and strain cease being proportionaln比例極限用來標(biāo)定應(yīng)力應(yīng)變比例關(guān)系終止點(diǎn)比例極限用來標(biāo)定應(yīng)力應(yīng)變比例關(guān)系終止點(diǎn)nultimate tensile strength (UTS) 抗拉強(qiáng)度抗拉強(qiáng)度nfracture stress 斷裂應(yīng)力斷裂

4、應(yīng)力nYoungs modulus 楊氏模量楊氏模量nStiffness 剛度剛度nPoissons ratio 泊松系數(shù)泊松系數(shù)nDuctility 延展性延展性nThe extent of plastic deformation that the material undergoes before fracture.2 Compression 壓縮壓縮nDuctile material 延展性材料延展性材料nBrittle material 脆性材料脆性材料nBauschinger effect 包申格效應(yīng)包申格效應(yīng)nWorking softening 加工軟化加工軟化nDisk test

5、 輪盤試驗(yàn)輪盤試驗(yàn) 3 Torsion 扭轉(zhuǎn)扭轉(zhuǎn)nThe test method generally used for determination of properties of materials in shear is the torsion testn確定在剪應(yīng)力作用下材料性能的常用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法確定在剪應(yīng)力作用下材料性能的常用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法4 Bending (Flexure) 彎曲彎曲nModulus of rupture ( transverse rupture strength) 抗彎強(qiáng)度抗彎強(qiáng)度5 Hardness 硬度硬度nHardness is usually defined as

6、resistance to permanent indentation 硬度通常定義為抵抗永久壓痕的能力硬度通常定義為抵抗永久壓痕的能力nBrinell test（HB）布氏硬度試驗(yàn)布氏硬度試驗(yàn)nRockwell test (HR) 洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)nVikers test (HV) 維氏硬度試驗(yàn)維氏硬度試驗(yàn)nKnoop test (HK) 努氏硬度試驗(yàn)努氏硬度試驗(yàn)nScleroscope 硬度計(jì)硬度計(jì)nMohs hardness 莫氏硬度莫氏硬度Durometer 硬度計(jì)硬度計(jì)nHot hardness 熱硬度熱硬度Physical properties of materials材料

7、的物理性能材料的物理性能n1 Density 密度密度n2 Melting point 熔點(diǎn)熔點(diǎn)n3 Specific Heat 比熱容比熱容n4 Thermal Conductivity 熱傳導(dǎo)熱傳導(dǎo)n5 Thermal Expansion 熱膨脹熱膨脹n6 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 電，磁及光學(xué)性能電，磁及光學(xué)性能n7 Corrosion Resistance 抗腐蝕性抗腐蝕性nThe density of a material is its mass per unit volumen密度密度是材料單位體積的質(zhì)量是材料單位體積

8、的質(zhì)量nSpecific gravity 比重比重nSpecific strength 比強(qiáng)度比強(qiáng)度nSpecific stiffness 比剛度比剛度nThe melting point of a metal depends on the energy required to separate its atomsn金屬的金屬的熔點(diǎn)熔點(diǎn)取決于分離其原子所需的能量取決于分離其原子所需的能量nThermal conductivity indicates the rate at which heat flows within and through a materialn熱傳導(dǎo)熱傳導(dǎo)表示熱流進(jìn)入和通

9、過材料的速率表示熱流進(jìn)入和通過材料的速率nA materials specific heat is the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of it by one degreen金屬的金屬的比熱容比熱容是單位質(zhì)量的金屬溫度升高是單位質(zhì)量的金屬溫度升高1度所需要的能度所需要的能量量nThermal Expansion 熱膨脹熱膨脹nThe coefficient of thermal expansion is inversely proportional to the melting point of the ma

10、terialn熱膨脹系數(shù)與材料的熔點(diǎn)成反比熱膨脹系數(shù)與材料的熔點(diǎn)成反比nThermal stresses 熱應(yīng)力熱應(yīng)力Thermal fatigue 熱疲勞熱疲勞nThermal shock 熱沖擊熱沖擊nAnisotropy of thermal expansion 各向異性的熱膨脹各向異性的熱膨脹nLow-expansion alloys 低膨脹合金低膨脹合金Invar effect 因瓦效應(yīng)因瓦效應(yīng)nElectrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 電，磁及光學(xué)性能電，磁及光學(xué)性能nElectrical conductivity 電導(dǎo)率電導(dǎo)率nCo

11、nductors 導(dǎo)體導(dǎo)體nElectrical resistivity 電阻率電阻率nDielectrics or insulators 絕緣體絕緣體nDielectric strength 絕緣強(qiáng)度絕緣強(qiáng)度nSuperconductors 超導(dǎo)體超導(dǎo)體nSemiconductors 半導(dǎo)體半導(dǎo)體nFerromagnetism and ferrimagnetism 鐵磁性和鐵氧體磁性鐵磁性和鐵氧體磁性nPiezoelectric effect 壓電效應(yīng)壓電效應(yīng)nMagnetostriction 磁致伸縮，磁彈性磁致伸縮，磁彈性nPiezoelectric effect 壓電效應(yīng)壓電效應(yīng)nMagnetostriction 磁彈性磁彈性nCorrosion R