1.高中英語語法通霸句子結構成分分析主語謂語賓語定語狀語補語

1、高中英語語法通霸1.句子結構成分分析主語謂語賓語定語狀語補語定語考點精講精練英語的句子成分主要有六種：即主語、謂語、賓語、 定語、狀語和補語。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補）除 了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語”和“同位語”的說 法。但表語和系動詞一起作謂語，因此劃分成分時，劃分 在謂語上。同位語分為主語同位語和賓語同位語，屬于主 語或賓語的一部分?？键c1.劃分句子成分時的常用符號英語中劃分句子成分的符號主語在下面畫直線謂語在下面畫曲線賓語在下面畫雙橫線定語 在下面畫虛線（一行點使我們想到一排釘子，“釘”諧音為“定語”的“定”）狀語 下面為短橫線（短橫線使我們想到短木樁，木 樁撞（狀）鐘）補語

2、上一短橫，下一短橫（下一短橫好像是為了彌 補上面短橫間的空隙）同位語 上下雙曲線（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考點1.主語主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當。可以作主語的詞性或語法結構：1. 名詞2.代詞3.數(shù)詞4. 不定式5.動名詞6.主語從句等表示。7. 名詞化的形容詞（如the rich）在英語中，形容詞、副詞和介詞短語是不能作主語的。如果它們在句首時，句子可能是倒裝句，真正的主語在后 面。On the desk are somebooks （主語是 books，所以用 are） Down jumps the boy.（主語是 the boy，所以用 jum

3、ps ） Gone are the days.（主語是 the days，所以用 are）練習1.在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說岀由什么充當。1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does har

4、m to the health.6. The rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn ' t at home is not true10. There comes the bus.11. Beyond the village lies a small village.12. Now comes your turn.考點2.謂語

5、謂語由動詞充當，說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征 和狀態(tài)。謂語的構成如下：A. 簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every mprnjng. He reads newspapers every day.B. 復合謂語： 由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay a

6、t home all day. Has he come back?He didn't attend the meeting yesterday. 由系動詞加表語構成。系動詞不能單獨作謂語，要和 表語一起作謂語。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.考點3.表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)， 它一般位于系動詞（女口 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、 數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。練習2.畫岀下列句中的表語，并說明由

7、什么充當。1. Our teacher of English is an American.2. Is it yours?3. The weather has turned cold.4. The speech is exciting.5. Three times seven is twenty-one.6. His job is to teach English.7. His hobby （愛好）is playing football.8. The machine must be under repairs.9. The truth is that he has never been abr

8、oad.考點4.賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當，表示動作的對象或承受者, 一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語。練習3.畫岀下列句中的賓語，并說明由什么充當。1. They planted many trees yesterday.2. （How many dictionaries do you have?） I have five.3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.4. I wanted to buy a car.5. I enjoy listening to popular music.6. I thin

9、k （that） he is fit for his office.考點5.賓語補足語賓語補足語和賓語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當于賓補的主語。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如 make等）+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、 不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。練習4.用下劃線畫岀下列句中的賓語補足語，并指岀是什么詞充當，同時體會賓補和賓語之間的邏輯關系。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Let the fresh air in.4. You must

10、n ' t force him to lend his money to you.5. We saw her entering the room.6. We found everything in the lab in good order.7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.8. I want your homework done on time.考點6.主補對主語的補充。含有賓語補足語的句子在變成被動語 態(tài)，賓語作主語時，原來的賓補就成了主語補足語。He was elected monitor.She was fo

11、und singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.考點7.定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或 句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾 的成分前。在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的， 這點與漢語習慣不同，也是許多同學不能讀懂長句的主要 原因。定語后置常見的有以下幾種情況：A. 副詞用作定語一般要后置。People there are very friendly.（那兒的人們 ） He didn 'like the man downstairs.（樓下的那

12、個人）B. 形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個人）C. 介詞短語作定語時要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom.（樹下的那個男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的那個男 孩）D. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式作定語常后 置。I have something to say （直譯：我有要

13、說的話 ）The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）練習5. 口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標岀定語部分，留意 定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性或結構充當。1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3. We need a place twice larger than this one.4. S

14、he carried a basket full of eggs.5. It ' s a book worth no more than one dollar.6. It ' s a city far from the coast.7. He has money enough to buy a car.8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.10. Tigers belonging to meat

15、-eating animals feed on meat.11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.12. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.13. There are many clothes to be washed.14. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.15. Then the great day came when he was to march pas

16、t the palace in the team.考點&狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.MB（認真地寫，慢 慢地走，修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語 ）This material is environmentally friendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）He runs very slowly.（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.（修飾整個句子用副詞，作狀語）A. 幾個并列狀

17、語的先后順序：方式-地點-時間一個句中有幾個并列狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是: 方式地點時間。如：I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.He was walking slowlyoutside _the _park at _thatmoment.B. 英語中時間狀語、地點狀語的排列一般是從小到大先寫時間，再寫上/下午，再寫星期幾，再寫幾月幾號。最 后寫幾幾年。I invited him to watch a movie at 5 p.m. on Thursday, August 28th, 2015.I was bor

18、n at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000 .He lives at 1120 Green Street, London.C. 頻度副詞 often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中 要放在情態(tài)動詞、系動詞、助動詞之后，實義動詞之前。You can never tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He often came late.D. 狀語按意義分類在句子成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補 語都比較好辨認，如果這幾個成分都不是，那很可

19、能就是 狀語了。因此，狀語的種類很多，可以表示時間、地點、 原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。練習6.指岀下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。1. How about meeting again at six?2. Mr. Smith lives oq_ the third floor._3. Last night she didn ' t go to the danceepartyse of the rajn.4. She put the eggs into the basket _with jgreat care.5. She came in with a dictionary i

20、n hehand.6. In orderJo £atch_ up withjhe others, 1 must work harder.7. To_make his _dream_cpme _trye, Tom becomes very interested in business.8. The boy needs a pen_ very_much.9. The boy realty needs a pen.10. He was so tired that _he fell_asleep_ immediately.11. She works very hard though she

21、is od.12. I am taller than _ he _is.13. I shall go there if_it_ doesn '_t_rain14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.15. Having_to finish, his homework, the boy n eeds a pen.考點9.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞，對前者加以說明，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. (students 是 we 的同位語， 都是指同一批“學生”

22、)It ' s good to students練習7.畫岀下列句中的同位語。1. The young man, my brother, works in the office.2. Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang, often helps us with study.3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.三綜合應用能力提升I.單句改錯根據(jù)所學主語相關內容，改正下列句中的錯誤。1. Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone i

23、s the days when I had to go to school on foot.2.experience.6. Without a friend will feel lonely.II. 語法填空(每空至多填三詞)7. They planned(take) two days off next week.8. He practiced(speak) English every day.9. Here(be) your books.10. On the wall(hang) two pictures.III. 寫作技能提升A. 注意句子主語的形式。11. 在我看來，早睡早起將對我們的健

24、康有好處。(in myopinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our health)12. 他這次考試不及格使他不高興。(he failed the exam,make, upset)13. 在那兩座高樓之間，矗立著我們教學樓。(between thetwo tall buildings, stand, teaching building )14. 我們現(xiàn)在正在學的知識對我們將來的生活和工作都很有幫助。(what we are learning now, be of great help to, our life

25、 and work, in the future )B. 用形容詞作后置定語。15. 你認識Tom旁邊的那個人嗎？ ( know, next to)16. 盡早把他送到距你家最近的醫(yī)院。(send - to, nearest to,as soon as possible17. 我們有一個能容下 3000學生用餐的餐廳。(dining hall, large enough, hold)C. 注意狀語的順序。18. 那時他正在教室內認真地寫作業(yè)。(do his homework, inthe classroom, carefully, at that moment)19. 上周日我們在校園內栽了很

26、多樹。(plant lots of trees, inthe schoolyard)20. 他昨天在演講比賽中表現(xiàn)得異常優(yōu)秀。(perform incredibly well, speech contest)D. 注意頻度副詞的位置。QQ32995088521. 我永遠不會忘記他那天對我講的話。(will, forget, whathe told me, never)22. 我經常去那家超市。(frequently, the supermarket )他總是幫助別人。(always, helping)By doing part-time jobs can help them gain soci

27、al2. Play basketball is my favorite sport.3. Give up English is not an option.5.23. 我們什么時候都不能那樣對待老人。(never, treat an oldman like that, should)活至U老，學至U老。 (one, never, too old to learn )答案:練習1.在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說岀由什么充 當。1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）2. W

28、e often speak English in class.（代詞）3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短語）5. Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）6. The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）8.

29、It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it 作形式 主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）9. That he isn ' t at hoim eot true.（主語從句，that 不能 省略）10. There comes the bus （副詞不能作主語，本句為倒裝句， 名詞the bus作主語）11. Beyond the village lies a small village.（介詞短語不能作主語，主語是后面的名詞短語）12. Now comes your turn.（副詞不能作主語，主語是后面的名詞）練習2.畫岀下列句中的

30、表語，并說明由什么充當。1. Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2. Is it yours?（代詞）3. The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4. The speech is exciting.（分詞/形容詞，這樣的分詞已形 容詞化了）5. Three times seven is twenty-one.（數(shù)詞）6. His job is to teach English.（不定式）7. His hobby （愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）8. The machine must be u

31、nder repairs.（介詞短語）9. The truth is that he has never been abroad （從句）練習3.畫岀下列句中的賓語，并說明由什么充當。1. They planed many trees yesterday.（名詞）2. （How many dictionaries do you have?） I have five.（數(shù) 詞）3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名 詞化形容詞）4. I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短語）5. I enjoy liste

32、ning to popular music.（動名詞短語）6. I think that he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）練習4.用下劃線畫岀下列句中的賓語補足語，并指岀是什么詞充當。1. His father named him Dongming.（名詞）2. They painted their boat white.（形容詞）3. Let the fresh air in.（副詞）4. You mustn ' t force hiito lend his money to yo（不定式 短語）5. We saw her entering the ro

33、om.（現(xiàn)在分詞）6. We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短 語）7. We will soon make our city what your city is now .（從 句）8. I want your homework done on time.（過去分詞短語 ）練習5. 口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標岀定語部分，留意 定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性或結構充 當。1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.桌子上的那封信是給吳先生的。（介詞短語作后置定語）2. The woman wi

34、th a baby in her arms is his mother .懷里抱嬰兒的那個婦女是他的母親。（with的復合結構作后置定語）3. We need a place twice larger than this one.我們需要一個比這個地方大兩倍的地方。（形容詞短語作后置定語）4. She carried a basketfull of eggs.她提著一個裝滿雞蛋的籃子。（形容詞短語作后置定語）5. It ' s a boworth no more than one dollar.那是一本僅值一美元的書。（形容詞短語作后置定語）6. It ' scay far f

35、rom the coast.它是一座距海岸很遠的城市。（形容詞短語作后置定語）7. He has money enough to buy a car他有足夠能買一輛車的錢。（形容詞短語作后置定語）8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.樓下的那個人正在盡力睡覺。（副詞作后置定語）9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.在我們城市有許多需要維修的名勝。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語）10. Tigers belonging to meat-eating ani

36、mals feed on meat. 屬于食肉動物的老虎以肉為食。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置 定語）11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.一個自稱為John的男孩想見你。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后 置定語）12. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.在回家的路上，他撿起一個躺在路上的錢包。（現(xiàn)在 分詞短語作后置定語；副詞短語作后置定語）13. There are many clothes to be washed.有許多要洗的衣服。意譯為：有許多衣服要洗。（動

37、詞不定式短語作后置定語）14. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.大多數(shù)被邀請參加派對的歌手都來自美國。（過去分詞短語作后置定語）15. Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.接著，他要列隊游行經過宮殿的那一天到了。（定語 從句修飾the great day）練習6.指岀下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。1.時間狀語2.地點狀語3.原因狀語4.方式狀語5.伴隨狀語6.目的狀語7.目的狀語8.程度狀語9.程度狀語10.結果狀語11.讓步狀語12.比較狀語13.條件狀語14.時間狀語;地點狀語15.原因狀語練習7.畫出下列句中的同位語。QQ3299508851. The young man, my brother, works in the office.2. Our English teacher, Mrs Wan g often helps us with study.3. They, some railway workers , are busy repa