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1、書面表達(dá)解題技巧(一)應(yīng)用文 朱寶余近幾年來,高考英語的書面表達(dá)所占的分?jǐn)?shù)比重逐漸增加, 題目設(shè)置和提示 信息逐步放開,趨于半開放型或開放型的表達(dá),大都要結(jié)合提示信息和內(nèi)容,發(fā) 表自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法,考生發(fā)揮的余地較大,有個(gè)人情感態(tài)度表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì)。要求 寫作的形式,即文體或體裁多種多樣,主要有:1、 應(yīng)用文,有各種內(nèi)容的書信、日記、通知、發(fā)言稿和調(diào)查報(bào)告等;2、 記敘文,有故事講述、人物介紹和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷等;3、 議論文,有事理論證、觀點(diǎn)討論以及描述加評(píng)論等。一、應(yīng)用文寫作指導(dǎo)應(yīng)用文寫作題目的設(shè)計(jì)形式多種多樣, 一般通過圖畫、表格、提綱等形式 展示表達(dá)的話題及相關(guān)信息和主要內(nèi)容,一般都要有一定的漢語提

2、示和要求。寫 作內(nèi)容大都包括對(duì)信息內(nèi)容的客觀描述, 還要發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法;有時(shí)要求 提出解決問題的辦法或建議。應(yīng)用文的寫作要注意以下幾個(gè)方面:1、寫作的前提是明確目的,以便合理的安排文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)。除了感謝信、道歉信、邀請(qǐng)信、推薦信、投訴信、求職信等目的較明確外,發(fā)言稿、通知、調(diào)查 報(bào)告等也要考慮寫作文章的用途或聽眾與讀者的需求;2、寫作的關(guān)鍵是仔細(xì)審題,通過審題,得出圖畫、圖表或提綱提示信息,并選 準(zhǔn)表達(dá)要點(diǎn),使其很好的描述現(xiàn)象,分析問題,解決問題,達(dá)到寫作的目的; 3、注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體安排開篇點(diǎn)題,表明寫作的目的(一般給出);描述 事物的順序和思路(按照審題得出的表達(dá)要點(diǎn)合理安排,

3、要符合客觀實(shí)際和人們 的認(rèn)知規(guī)律);合適自然的結(jié)尾(首尾呼應(yīng),提出解決問題的方法或建議)。4、注意應(yīng)用文的語言要規(guī)范、準(zhǔn)確,要得體;選詞要豐富,適量使用結(jié)構(gòu)稍復(fù) 雜的長短句式,如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句等,確保寫作信息的含量;注意過 度與銜接,確保行文連貫,提高寫作的質(zhì)量。4、 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q和時(shí)態(tài):以第一、三人稱為主,主要選用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)?!纠}展示1】書信/電子郵件類(2006年全國卷I)假定你是李華,應(yīng)英國朋友Bob的要求,寫一封短信介紹你校圖書館的基 本情況。內(nèi)容須包括下面兩幅圖中的相關(guān)信息。注意:1 .詞數(shù)100左右。2 .可以適當(dāng)增減細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。3 .開頭語已為你寫好。aski

4、ng about our library.Dear Bob,Thank you for your last letterBest wishes, Li Hua【思路點(diǎn)撥】本寫作題目要求“寫一封短信介紹你校圖書館的基本情況”,由此判 斷寫作的目的和主要內(nèi)容:介紹圖書館的基本情況。兩幅圖畫分別從外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部設(shè)施兩個(gè)方面提示了寫作信息。第一幅 突出圖書館的位置:圖書館前有花園,后有教學(xué)樓,可以用: be located in/between ,in front of , behind 等表達(dá)表達(dá)句式。如果使用長句表達(dá) 更多的信息,可以使用倒裝句和定語從句相結(jié)合,如:Located in the c

5、enter ofour school is the big library, in front of which is a beautiful garden.也可以使用現(xiàn)在分詞拓展句子內(nèi)容,如:Our classroom building is just behindit, making it convenient for us to enter.等。第二幅圖主要介紹圖書館內(nèi)部環(huán)境,可以看到的是整齊的書架、豐富的報(bào)刊雜志、 方便的閱覽室,由此可以感受它的寬敞明亮,想象到種類繁多的書籍等,將所見 和所想內(nèi)容巧妙結(jié)合起來,考慮一定的寫作順序,可以用:Whenyou get inside, you

6、will see many shelves full of books on various subjects和 there arealso lots of newspapers and magazines in the reading room, where we can do some reading before borrowing books. 等來表達(dá);另外,圖中文字提示了圖書館功能信息,包括有關(guān)借閱、借閱數(shù)量和借期等,還 有開放時(shí)間的提示等,考慮與介紹內(nèi)容的銜接,可以用 According to the rule 來表示過度: every student can borrow up

7、 to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.為使文章顯得有始有終,恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)尾非常重要,可以簡單表示個(gè)人感受,如: We all like our library very much., 也可以發(fā)出邀請(qǐng),如: I wish you can come and visit it one day. 等。按照一定的寫作順序,考慮書信寫作的格式,將以上信息連接起來,就可表達(dá)成 文了?!痉段暮驮u(píng)析】J

8、une 8Dear Bob,Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Located in the center of our school is the big library, in front of which is a beautiful garden. Our classroom building is just behind it, making it convenient for us to enter. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full

9、of books on various subjects. Besides, there are also lots of newspapers and magazines in the reading room, where we can do some reading before borrowing books. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Mo

10、nday to Friday and closed on weekends.We all like our library very much.Best wishes.Li Hua 文章按照要求和圖畫提示內(nèi)容,完全完成了試題規(guī)定的寫作任務(wù); 將有效信息很 好的傳達(dá)給了讀者,完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):全面準(zhǔn)確的介紹了圖書館的位置、內(nèi)部設(shè)施和規(guī)定與借 閱規(guī)則等;2)應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯、如:表示“位置"的 be located in, 表示 “方便某人進(jìn)入”的be convenient for us to enter ;表達(dá)“各種科目的書籍”用 various

11、 subjects 等; 語句 Located in the center of our school is the big library, in front of which is a beautiful garden.中倒裝和定語從句的正確使用顯示了作者扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí);Our classroom building is justbehind it, making it convenient for us to enter.和 there are also lotsof newspapers and magazines in the reading room, where we can

12、 do some reading before borrowing books.等更顯作者嫻熟的表達(dá)技巧。3)語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面沒有錯(cuò)誤,且盡力使用了較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯;具 備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力。4)有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,如: Besides, According to the rule 等, 使得行文連貫,過度自然,全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。總之,范文能寫明全部要點(diǎn);語言基本無誤;表達(dá)清楚??梢远榈谄邫n作文(優(yōu) 秀),批卷給分是24分。(滿分25分)【寫作建議】一、圖畫類作文審題建議與指導(dǎo)。圖畫類作文題目是將寫作的話題和主要信息隱藏在圖畫內(nèi),以有形的 東西,直觀清楚的展示給考生,同時(shí)又給考

13、生留有發(fā)揮的余地。審題要從三個(gè)方面考慮表達(dá)的要點(diǎn):1、首先考生要根據(jù)題目中的漢語提示,確定話題,給進(jìn)一步的審題確定正確的2、然后仔細(xì)觀察畫面內(nèi)容,抓住與話題有關(guān)的主要信息,確定描述的要點(diǎn);3、圖畫中的漢語提示或人物對(duì)白等也非常重要,往往是表達(dá)必不可少內(nèi)容。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將審題得到的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語句子,注意行文的連貫和語句的過度與銜接。二、英語書信類應(yīng)用語言指導(dǎo)。英語書信類語言要根據(jù)書信的內(nèi)容和功能來確定,常用的一些客套語 言表達(dá)方式有:1、感謝信常用句型:I am grateful to you for ; I take this opportunity to express to you

14、 mydeep appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me. ; It is kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say.2、致歉信常用句型:I must apologize to you for ; I regret to inform you that I am unable to do 3、邀請(qǐng)信常用句型有:I am pleased to invite you to attend ;I amsure

15、that you will enjoy yourself here; Welook forward to seeing you. 4、求職信常用句型有:I wish to apply for a position of which you advertised in today ' s newspaper.; I have learned from a friend that your companyis looking for a;I shall be glad to provide you with any further information concerning my edu

16、cation and personal experience.【例題展示2】發(fā)言稿/通知(2006年福建卷)假如你們學(xué)?!坝⒄Z愛好者俱樂部”將對(duì)“良好飲食習(xí)慣”這一話題進(jìn)行討論 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示,用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)應(yīng)包括:乃分同學(xué)的飲食習(xí)慣良好的飲食習(xí)慣個(gè)人看法1(吃早餐 k吃零食 ,食 飲食過量飲食多樣化飲食定時(shí)定量重要性:有助于身體健康注意:1 .發(fā)言稿必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;2 .發(fā)言稿開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)3 .詞數(shù):100左右.零食 snack4 .參考詞7匚:偏食 be particular about foodDear friends,'s

17、very important forAs we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it us to form healthy eating habits.That' s all. Thank you!【思路點(diǎn)撥】由題目要求可以確定寫作的話題和目的是“討論同學(xué)們的飲食習(xí)慣,準(zhǔn)備 發(fā)言稿”。從表格內(nèi)容中可以獲得表達(dá)的要點(diǎn):1 )部分同學(xué)的飲食習(xí)慣:不吃早餐;愛吃零食;偏食;飲食過量等, (不 難看出,該部分為不良習(xí)慣,是要否定和反對(duì)的);可以參考如下表達(dá)方式:七 like to have snacks; be particular about

18、 food; go to school without breakfast; to eat or drink too much; All these are bad habits which will surely do harm to our health. 等。2)養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣:飲食多樣化;飲食定時(shí)定量等,提供健康飲食樣 例;(該部分是要提倡的良好行為);可以參考如下表達(dá)方式:we should havevarious healthy diets; include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as m

19、ain food; we ' d better have meals regularly. 等。3)個(gè)人看法:健康飲食很重要,有助于身體健康與生長等。要養(yǎng)成良好的飲 食習(xí)慣??梢詤⒖既缦卤磉_(dá)方式:to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body; Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.另外,提示的內(nèi)容很好的揭示了文章的主題,也為考生繼續(xù)寫作提供了 很好的開端和參考,考生要順著提示的內(nèi)容,搞好銜接或過度。最后,還要注意 參考詞匯,這也一般是文

20、章必定要包括的內(nèi)容?!痉段暮驮u(píng)析】Dear friends,As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it' s a veryimportant for us to from healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us like to have snacks, and some others are particular about food. Some even often

21、go to school without breakfast while some eat or drink too much. All these are bad habits which will surely do harm to our health.To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. Besides, we ' d bette

22、r have meals regularly.In myopinion, weshould try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.That' s all. Thank you!文章根據(jù)表格提示內(nèi)容,完全完成了試題規(guī)定的寫作任務(wù);將有效信息很好的傳達(dá)給了讀者,室全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):介紹了部分同學(xué)的(不良)飲食習(xí)慣;列舉了良好的飲食習(xí)慣,發(fā)表了個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和看法,

23、并提供了合理的建議;2)應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯, 如:文中以短句子為主,如:Someof us like to have snacks, and some others are particular about food.等,突出演講稿的特點(diǎn); 問或使用長句, 如:Someeven often go to school without breakfast while some eat or drink too much. 等, 顯示作者的邏輯思維。3)語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面沒有錯(cuò)誤,且盡力使用了較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,如:定語從旬 To keep fit, we should have var

24、ious healthy diets, whichgenerally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food.和倒裝句 Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.等,表明作者具備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力、4)有效地使用了語句問的連接成分,如表達(dá)中運(yùn)用了However, even; To keepfit ; In my opinion, 等詞語和表達(dá)方式,使得行文連貫,過度自然,全文結(jié)構(gòu) 緊湊??傊?,范文能寫明全部

25、要點(diǎn);語言基本無誤;表達(dá)楚??梢远榈谄邫n作文(優(yōu) 秀),批卷給分是24分(滿分25分)?!緦懽鹘ㄗh】一、表格類寫作審題建議與指導(dǎo)。表各類文章寫作一般通過表格以簡單明確的方式提出表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容,審題內(nèi)容較為簡單,要注意將要點(diǎn)歸納成相關(guān)的幾部分, 注意各部分之間的關(guān)系。值得注 意的是在對(duì)于表格內(nèi)容的篩選:有時(shí)候需要將所有的要點(diǎn)客觀的介紹出來, 有時(shí) 需要選擇自己認(rèn)為正確的觀點(diǎn)并加以論證與比較,這些要根據(jù)題目的要求來確二、發(fā)言稿和通知的語言表達(dá)要求。發(fā)言稿和通知類文章屬于應(yīng)用性很強(qiáng)的文體。實(shí)用性成為該類表達(dá)的最大特點(diǎn), 也是該類文章寫作的最基本的要求。由此,該類文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和語言表達(dá)顯得尤為重要

26、,它們除了能顯示作者的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外,還要能很好的體現(xiàn)作者的邏 輯思維和表達(dá)能力。為了便于口頭表達(dá),該類文章的語句不要過于復(fù)雜,要盡量 使用口語化的語言,這樣讀起來順口,聽起來也容易理解?!纠}展示3】調(diào)查報(bào)告/海報(bào)(2006年湖北卷)受某英文報(bào)的委托,你最近對(duì)高中生的英語閱讀興趣做了一次調(diào)查。請(qǐng) 根據(jù)以下信息,用英語為該報(bào)寫一篇100左右的短文。短文的標(biāo)題及首句已為你 寫好。調(diào)查內(nèi)容:在新聞、故事、科普、學(xué)習(xí)方法四種英文文章中,學(xué)生最喜歡哪一種。調(diào)查范圍:湖北省的10所中學(xué)調(diào)查對(duì)象:高中生調(diào)查人數(shù):1000調(diào)查方式:訪談?wù){(diào)查結(jié)果:(見下圖)透撲井史黃文文點(diǎn)大勝的口分比Reading Inte

27、rests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.【思路點(diǎn)撥】該題目要求為報(bào)紙寫一份調(diào)查報(bào)告,報(bào)告的內(nèi)容是“學(xué)生喜歡閱讀哪類文章”, 表達(dá)的內(nèi)容可以通過兩方面的審題獲得:1、文字提示:調(diào)查內(nèi)容(已經(jīng)給出)、調(diào)查范圍、方式和人數(shù)等,可以參考如下詞語和句式: Onethousand senior middle school students from ten schools

28、in Hubei Province were interviewed; They were asked which they liked reading most amongthe four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.等;2、分析圖表及圖表內(nèi)的文字提示,說明調(diào)查結(jié)論:選擇新聞?lì)惖淖疃?more than half of the students like to read news most ); 其次是故事

29、類(Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite);再次是科普文章;最少的是學(xué)習(xí)方法類( Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods), 等等。3.當(dāng)然,調(diào)查報(bào)告少不了簡單的比較,如: the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles t

30、hat of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.;如果有必要,還可以在文章的結(jié)尾處做簡 單的總結(jié)?!痉段暮驮u(píng)析】Reading Interests of Senior Middle School StudentsRecently a survey has been done to find out the readinginterests of senior middle school students. In this survey, one thousand senior middle school stude

31、nts from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most amongthe four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most

32、. Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading art

33、icles about learning methods.文章在仔細(xì)審題的基礎(chǔ)上,出色的完成了試題規(guī)定的寫作任務(wù);將有效信息很好的傳達(dá)給了讀者,完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),包括:總體說明調(diào)查背景和情況;細(xì)致描述調(diào)查結(jié)論和 詳情;適當(dāng)總結(jié)和簡單的評(píng)論。2)應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯,語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面沒有錯(cuò)誤,且盡力使用 了較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,如: 長旬 the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading art

34、icles about learning methods.進(jìn)行比較和概括,表明作者具備較強(qiáng)的語言 運(yùn)用能力。4)有效地使用了語句問的連接成分,如表達(dá)中運(yùn)用了In this survey ; However等詞語和表達(dá)方式、使得行文連心飛度自然,全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊??傊?,范文能寫明全部要點(diǎn);語言基本無誤;表達(dá)楚??梢远榈谄邫n作文(優(yōu) 秀),批卷給分是25分(滿分)?!緦懽鹘ㄗh】一、圖表類寫作審題建議與指導(dǎo)。圖表能夠直觀清楚的提示有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和信息,并且易于比較。表達(dá)內(nèi)容來源于三個(gè) 方面:1、題目中文字的提示,一般包括寫作話題、寫作背景和整體情況;2、圖表展示內(nèi)容和信息:事情狀況或數(shù)字的描述與說明,有時(shí)需

35、要做比較和變 化方面(尤其是折線圖顯示內(nèi)容)的描述;3、總結(jié)和個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的簡單陳述。從以上三個(gè)方面挖掘信息,尋找表達(dá)的要點(diǎn),就可以使表達(dá)內(nèi)容全面準(zhǔn)確。 二、調(diào)查報(bào)告類寫作的語言組織與指導(dǎo)。與發(fā)言稿和通知類文章不同,調(diào)查報(bào)告類文章要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容,因而要求盡量使用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句式,同時(shí)還要注意寫作句式的多樣化,豐富語言表達(dá)形式, 避免詞匯貧乏、結(jié)構(gòu)單一。如本篇寫作中,表示“喜歡閱讀”哪類文章的詞語和 方式就比較多,例如:like to read new s most ;English stories are their favorite.; areinterested in ;enjoy rea

36、ding popular science ;prefer reading ; be fond of doing sth. ; be keen on doing sth -.; prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. ; be in favour of doing sth.為使英語寫作中句式的多樣化,可以參考如下方法:1、改變句子開頭,可以考慮:用同位語、副詞、狀語、表語、賓語、短語修飾 語等開頭,例如: To methe news was very interesting , but to my wife very boring .(以介詞短語開頭)Dist

37、urbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, Manchestertook flight for the pacific islands.(以分詞短語開頭)2、巧用連接詞,尤其是一些表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞,如 who, which , that , because, since , although , after , as, before , when, whenever, if , unless , as if等,不僅能夠豐富句型,而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚,意義更連貫。例如:The Mississippi River ,

38、 which is one of the longest rivers in the world , often overflows its banks in the spring time , endangering the lives of many people .3、長短句交替使用,既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏上的要求,也是意義表達(dá)上的需要。例如:Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we makeour cities greener . Green trees line the streets . A clean river winds through

39、 the city , in which a lot of fishesabound. On the one side stand rows of willow trees . Onthe other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with manyyellow and red flowers .4、利用倒裝被動(dòng)語態(tài)等靈活的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu),例如:In no other place in the worldcan one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic

40、Games.書面表達(dá)解題技巧(二)一、記敘文寫作指導(dǎo)(以敘事為主)記敘文是對(duì)某一事件或一系列事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)束,以及某一人物的變 化情況所做的文字表達(dá)。它通常包括寫人、寫景、寫事。其主要形式有:故事、 人物介紹、新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)、縮寫、改寫等。這類題材的試題在試卷中多以看圖作文, 給材料作文,以及給材料縮寫等不同形式進(jìn)行測試,分別屬于情景作文或開放式作文,為高考書面表達(dá)的主要考查方式。1、文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu):記敘時(shí),首先要有開頭語,多為主題句,以點(diǎn)明內(nèi)容,一 般要包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和主要事件。其次要根據(jù)圖畫或提示,合理安排結(jié)構(gòu) 層次,或按事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序(或倒序),或按人物特點(diǎn)的不同方面,或按事

41、物發(fā)展的先后階段,可以參考如 First of all; secondly; then; in a world, on the whole等的連接成分;最后,一定要交待事情的結(jié)果,記敘要清楚完整, 有頭有尾。這就需要在動(dòng)筆前,進(jìn)行簡單的組織構(gòu)思。2、語言知識(shí)的應(yīng)用:1)多用主系表句型,注意系動(dòng)詞的多樣性和變化性,如 :be; feel; grow; turn2)多用There be句型,注意結(jié)合分詞做定語的結(jié)構(gòu),如:There is a manstanding under the tree. 或 There stands a man under the tree. 等。3)多用不定式短語作目的

42、狀語(處在句首或句尾)、結(jié)果狀語(處在句尾)。4)多用分詞短語作時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語。5)多用熟練的復(fù)句結(jié)構(gòu):because原因狀語;where; when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 狀語;which (who) 引導(dǎo)的定語從句;so that,so that引導(dǎo)的目的、結(jié) 果狀語從句;以及I' m sure that , I think that賓語從句,等?!纠}展示】(2006年遼寧卷)下面四幅圖片描述的是李明和爺爺從養(yǎng)鳥到放鳥的一段經(jīng)歷。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖片所提供的信息以第三人稱用英語寫一篇短文。注意:短文必須包括所有圖片的主要內(nèi)容,短文的內(nèi)容要連貫、完整;短文單詞數(shù):100左右(開頭已給出的單詞

43、不計(jì)入單詞總數(shù))?!舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】1、從題目的漢語提示可以獲得四幅圖畫的主題是“李明和爺爺養(yǎng)鳥和放鳥的經(jīng) 歷”,并由此確定寫作文章的體裁為記敘文, 人物為“李明和爺爺”,時(shí)態(tài)為過 去時(shí)態(tài)為主;人稱為第三人稱;寫作的順序遵循事情發(fā)展的先后順序。2、寫作的關(guān)鍵是審題,通過仔細(xì)觀察,將圖畫隱含的信息查找出來,圖畫中的 文字提示也非常重要;借助這些信息,通過聯(lián)想,構(gòu)思文章的全部內(nèi)容;運(yùn)用標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)的英語,將審題所得表達(dá)為書面文字,這個(gè)過程可以從下面的表各種顯現(xiàn)出來:圖回顯小信息:一聯(lián)想到的完整故事一英語表達(dá)參考方式李明和爺爺,鳥籠他們?cè)诨\子里養(yǎng)了一只小鳥Keep a bird in a cage小鳥不開心JM

44、大,喂鳥時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)小鳥不高興Fed it, found it unhappy,but don ' t know why上學(xué)路上,看見小 鳥在。李明在上學(xué)的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)自由自 任飛翔在空中的小鳥,它們非 常高興On his way to school; found the birds flying in the shy, free and happy為籠中之鳥感到傷 心J李明想到了家中籠子里的小 鳥,明白了它不高興的原因。Thought of the bird in the cage, get to understand why說服爺爺放飛小鳥回家后,告訴爺爺小鳥也需要 自由,否則它們會(huì)憂傷,甚

45、至 死亡,爺爺同意與理解,同意 放鳥Got back home, tell grandfather that it need freedom, or will unhappy, will even die one day放飛小鳥,大家都 很高興。帝®戶外,T放飛小鳥,大 家都和小鳥一樣感到高興。Took them out, set them free; the bird is happy, so are they.3、注意各幅圖畫之間的銜接和過度, 即故事的連貫性和完整性,行文的連貫性?!痉段暮驮u(píng)析】LiMing and his grandfather kept a bird in

46、a cage at home. However, they found the bird unhappy when they were feeding the bird one morning. They wondered why since they had given it enough food and water.The next morning on his way to school, LiMing saw somebirds flying in the sky, free and happy. Then be thought of the lonely bird in the c

47、age, he got to understand why it was unhappy. When he got home, he told his grandfather that the bird needed freedom, or it will be unhappy, and it will even die one day. At last, he persuaded his grandfather to set the bird free.Then, they took the bird out and set it free. Seeing the happy bird fl

48、ying in the sky, they felt very happy, too.文章按照要求和圖畫提示內(nèi)容,完全完成了試題規(guī)定的寫作任務(wù);將有效信息很好的傳達(dá)給了讀者,完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。1)覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):介紹了故事的發(fā)牛、發(fā)展和結(jié)局,增加了人物心里活 動(dòng)的描述;2)應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求,如:短語 on his way to school ; thought of the lonely bird 和句子 LiMing saw somebirds flying in the sky, free and happy. 及 At last, he persuaded

49、 his grandfather to set the bird free.等。3)語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面沒有錯(cuò)誤,且盡力使用了較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,如:復(fù)合旬 they found the bird unhappy when they were feeding the bird.和They wondered why since they had given it enough food and water.含有做狀語的分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu) Seeing the happy bird flying in the sky, they felt very happy, too. 等,充分說明作者具備較強(qiáng)的語

50、言運(yùn)用能力。4)有效地使用了語句問的連接成分,如: However; Then; Whenhe got home; At last;等,使得行文連貫、過度自然、全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊??傊?,范文能寫明全部要點(diǎn);語言基本無誤;表達(dá)楚??梢远榈谖鍣n作文(優(yōu) 秀),批卷給分是23分。(滿分25分)【寫作建議】一、看圖作文包括單幅圖和系列圖作文兩種。兩者都要通過仔細(xì)審題,看準(zhǔn)題目 要求,確定文章的主題。文章的內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、層次及所用語言都應(yīng)圍繞主題進(jìn)行。前者需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上很好的發(fā)揮想象,著眼于構(gòu)思,使所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容有頭有尾,有條有理。后者則需要在組織篇章上動(dòng)腦筋,如何用精練、簡明、清楚的 敘述完成表達(dá)圖示內(nèi)

51、容的同時(shí),通過適當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)揮,使各幅圖畫內(nèi)容有機(jī)連接起來, 做到行文連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。二、記敘文語言表達(dá)要領(lǐng):1)敘述要生動(dòng)。要使文章敘述生動(dòng),具有吸引力,必須請(qǐng)注意詞匯的選擇,時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用以及上下文的一致問題。詞語的運(yùn)用應(yīng)注意是否恰當(dāng)、通順、簡潔和準(zhǔn)確。時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用應(yīng)注意上下文的相關(guān)性、連續(xù)性,要與表達(dá)的內(nèi)容一致。2)寫作時(shí)要避免句子單調(diào)、毫無花樣。這就要求寫作時(shí)長短句結(jié)合,注意銜接 詞的運(yùn)用。3)敘述的順序。大多數(shù)情況下敘述都是按照事情的發(fā)展及時(shí)間的先后進(jìn)行的,但有時(shí)也可以采用其它順序,如倒敘、插敘等。4)人稱。一般說來,記敘文用第一人稱或第三人稱來敘述。用第一人稱敘述的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:文章比較生動(dòng)、形象,

52、使讀者有身臨其境的感覺,因而加強(qiáng)了故事的真 實(shí)感和感染力。其缺點(diǎn)是,描寫的范圍受到限制。一篇文章中,由于角色的變化, 人稱也要隨之而變,但應(yīng)注意前后一致性。二、議論文(以議論為主)議論文是以議論為主要表達(dá)方式的一種常用文體,它通過擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非,來表達(dá)作者的見解和主張。中學(xué)英語書面表達(dá)所要求的議論文,是一種限定的寫作,其論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證都比較明確,考生可以結(jié)合題目要求,闡述相 關(guān)的觀點(diǎn);有時(shí)需要作者從幾個(gè)論點(diǎn)中選擇一個(gè)符合自己的加以論述。論據(jù)一般都給出提示,或提綱式的簡要說明,或圖表式的細(xì)致描述;論證方法靈活多樣, 可以是例證法、反證法等。文章的最后一定要總結(jié)論點(diǎn),本著解決問題的目的,

53、 簡單概括總結(jié)。議論文寫作中用于文章開始提出論點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式有:1. There are different opinions among people as to ,somepeople suggest that .2. Today, , which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.3. Nowadays, it is common to Many people like because Beside .4. Everything has two sides and is not an exception. It has both a

54、dvantages and disadvantages.5. -has become a hot topic among people, especially among the youngand heated debates are right on their way 6. has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-daylife. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.7. Acco

55、rding to the figure/number/statistics in thechart/bar/graph/line, it can be seen that - while. Obviously ,but why?用于論證觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式:1. Onthe contrary, there are somepeople in favor of At the sametime, they say .2. But I don' t think it is very good way to solve - for example- -.worst of all 3. is nece

56、ssary and important to our country ' s development andconstruction.First, .what' s more .most important of all.4. It is high time that something was done about it. For example .inaddition all these measures will certainly .5. However, just like everything has its good and bad sides.also hasi

57、ts own disadvantages 6. I fully agree with the statement that.because 【例題展示】(2006年陜西卷)暑假即將來臨。你班同學(xué)討論了假期計(jì)劃,提出了不同看法,請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫 一篇有關(guān)討論的英語短文,并談?wù)勀愕目捶?。?yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)呆在家中花費(fèi)少、舒適方便不能親身了解外界一外出旅游士叫知識(shí)、開闊眼界花費(fèi)多、旅途不便注意:1、短文寫在答題卡上的指定區(qū)域,詞數(shù) 80-120 (不含已寫好部分) 2、短文必須包括表中所列要點(diǎn),可根據(jù)內(nèi)容分段表述。3、可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。4、參考詞匯:眼界一horizon(或view)The summerholiday is corning. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.【思路點(diǎn)撥】題目的焦點(diǎn)是旅游,是一個(gè)以議論和描述為主的文章。待作者提出論點(diǎn)后,實(shí)際上它是對(duì)旅游與不旅游,或是旅游方式的不同而展開的對(duì)比與討論。為了論證自己的觀點(diǎn),可以大力褒揚(yáng)正方論點(diǎn),而突出反面觀點(diǎn)的缺點(diǎn),借以埋下伏筆,為 論證自己的觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)。審題得知:文章要求說明班級(jí)內(nèi)同學(xué)們對(duì)于在家中和外出旅游的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。這只是一個(gè)敘述的過程,其中這些要客觀的描述,例如:1) Somea

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