語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)六時(shí)態(tài)

1、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)六 時(shí)態(tài)（Tenses）一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) （ the Present Tense）1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞詞型變化形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞只有第三人稱有詞形變化，其他人稱動(dòng)詞均用原形。單數(shù)第三人稱動(dòng)詞變化：多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后加slikelikes 以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加esgogoeswash-washes,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y改i再加esflyfliesstudystudies以元音字母+y結(jié)尾，直接加s say-says playplays buy-buys2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞be和 have的變化形式動(dòng)詞Be 叫連系動(dòng)詞。 連系動(dòng)詞be的用法：除了第一人稱單數(shù)用am，和第

2、三人稱單數(shù)用is以外，其它人稱用are。 I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is busy. We (You, They) are busy.動(dòng)詞have的用法：除了第三人稱單數(shù)用has以外，其它人稱一律用have。如: I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens.3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型.肯定句構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 (看主語(yǔ)人稱) +其它成分 I have a dog. We like the little cat. She sings well.否定句構(gòu)成：

3、 行為動(dòng)詞的否定句：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞(do/does) + not +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分 We dont like the little cat.(借助于助動(dòng)詞do) She doesnt sing well. He doesnt have a dog.(借助于助動(dòng)詞does).一般疑問(wèn)句： A.行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞(do/does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分 Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt. B. 動(dòng)詞B

4、E 的一般疑問(wèn)句Am / Is /Are +主語(yǔ) + 其它成分 Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they the students of your school? Yes they are / No they arent.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句 How many students are there in your school? What do you usually do on Sunday?4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法.經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：every day/year(month,

5、 week, Monday), always/usually/often/sometimes, at 5 oclock, on SundaysHe gets up at six oclock every day.She smokes too much.I telephone to my parents once a week.表達(dá)客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Three and four makes seven.the earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.在格言或名言警句中。Pride goes before a f

6、all. 驕必?cái)?。Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)用于雄辯。.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、性格、個(gè)性。I dont want more, thanks.He is a good student. He is always ready to help others.5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的其他用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)含有arrive, leave, start, begin等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。Their train arrives at 7 on Wednesday morning The school bus leaves at eight

7、. Our Christmas party begins at six thirty this evening.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表進(jìn)行句型：Here comes； There goesE.g.: Look, here comes Mr. Brown. 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) （the Past Tense）I.概念過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：last year, yesterday等； 也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看見(jiàn)他了。L

8、i Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。時(shí)狀: 1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) 2. the day before yesterday 3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世紀(jì)） 4. ago 5.in 1980 (過(guò)去年份） 6.this morning/afternoon/evening 7.when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 （過(guò)去） 8.in the past 9.just now 10

9、.the other day - a few days ago 11.at the age of 10 (過(guò)去年齡段） 12.in the old daysII.構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加-d。如：live-lived。末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。 末尾是元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ed。如：stay-stayed(2)不規(guī)則的

10、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。watched TV, washed clothes, played football, cleaned the room, visited grandparents, went to a park, went swimming, read a book, went fishing, went hiking, learned Chinese, sang and danced, took pictures, climbed a mou

11、ntain, ate good food, bought presents, rowed a boat, saw elephants, went skiing, went ice-skating III. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種句型肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。 否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+did not (didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天沒(méi)去玩具店。一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Did+主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形

12、其它？如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week?-Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before?-No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)詞did+主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它？如：1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week?-I went to Shanghai with my parents.幾點(diǎn)注意：在談到已

13、死去的人的情況時(shí)，多用過(guò)去時(shí)。 Lei Feng was a good soldier.表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。這種情況下，往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過(guò)去時(shí)， I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你

14、在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以為你病了呢。 （這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前，我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)?。┤⒁话銓?lái)時(shí)態(tài)（the Future Tense）四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (the Continuous Tense)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的練習(xí)一、將下列動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式。 1.clean _  2. wash _  3. watch _ 

15、0;4. visit _  5.play _ 6.  cook _  7.climb _ 8. row _ 9.learn_ 10.read_ 11. go _  12.do  _  13.study_  14. have_  15.sing_ 16. dance_&#

16、160; 17. see _  18.take _  19. eat  _  20. buy _  21. fly _ 22.leave _ 23. get _ 22. am / is _ 22. are _ 23.swim_I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。He _(v

17、isit) the Great Wall last year.2.We_(have) a good time yesterday.3.We often _(go) to school by bus last year.4.I _(live)in the village when I was a child.5.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.6.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday.7._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday?8._(do)you _(pla

18、y) the violin in the artroom yesterday?No, I didn't. I_(draw)some pictures there.9. I _ (eat) a big pizza yesterday.10.There_ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.12. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.13. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (g

19、o)14. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?15. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.II.選擇填空(     ) 1. She watered the flowers _.          A  tomorrow   B  sometimes   C  yesterday m

20、orning (     ) 2.What _  Mike do last weekend ?   A  do      B  does      C  did(     ) 3. I _ my room last Sunday.    A  cleaned   B  clean

21、  C  am  cleaning(     ) 4. I often help my mother _  housework.         A  does       B  did          C  do   

22、0;     (     ) 5. _ you _ TV last night .         A  Do, watch   B  Did, watch    C  Did, watched(     ) 6.-Did  your father write an e-mail  yes

23、terday ？          A  Yes, he did.  B Yes, he  does   C No, he dont(     ) 7.They _  on  a trip in February ,2007.         A  are going    B

24、going        C went(     ) 8.Were going to _ mountains  tomorrow .         A  climb       B climbed      C climbing(    

25、 ) 9. _ he _ football two days ago?         A  Does , play   B Did , played   C Did , play(     ) 10.-Good afternoon, Miss Lee. How does Mike feel?         -Hes tired . He _ a

26、 lot of work _ .         A does , this morning  B do , this morning C did , this morning句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. I bought presents on my holiday.  (變成一般疑問(wèn)句，并作肯定和否定回答。) _ 2. She went skiing last

27、60;Monday.  (變成一般疑問(wèn)句，并作肯定和否定回答。) _ 3. We climbed a mountain last Sunday. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)。) _ 4. He went to Beijing on my holiday. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)。) _ 5. I went there by train

28、. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)。) _一.用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do) the work?2.He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5.Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10.We often_ ( play ) football in the playground.二