山東省冠縣武訓(xùn)高級(jí)中學(xué)2014年高三英語 語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語氣課件

1、虛擬語氣 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)( (見書見書P241)P241)注：注： 虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動(dòng)詞虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動(dòng)詞與與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反，從句用現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反，從句用一般過去式一般過去式(be用用were; 與將來可能事實(shí)相與將來可能事實(shí)相反時(shí)還可用反時(shí)還可用were to /should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形), 主主句用句用would /should /could /might +動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形; 與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反, 從句用過去完成時(shí)從句用過去完成時(shí),主主句用句用would /should /could /might have +過過去分詞。去分

2、詞。 熟讀深思熟讀深思 My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were1my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look2like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4regularly. Besides, h

3、e insisted that she (should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become7 overweight. This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tr

4、ied it on, she couldnt help shouting,“ If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make10a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a

5、healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So (should) walk16to school. 漢語譯文：漢語譯文：我的同桌瑪麗對(duì)我像親姐妹一樣。她我的同桌瑪麗對(duì)我像親姐妹一樣。她人長得漂亮，就是有點(diǎn)胖。要不然，她就是一個(gè)超級(jí)人長得漂亮，就是有點(diǎn)胖。要不然，她就是一個(gè)超級(jí)模特了。去年，醫(yī)生建議她多吃蔬菜和水果。醫(yī)

6、生同模特了。去年，醫(yī)生建議她多吃蔬菜和水果。醫(yī)生同時(shí)建議她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅(jiān)持讓她步行上學(xué)。如果她時(shí)建議她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅(jiān)持讓她步行上學(xué)。如果她當(dāng)時(shí)聽了醫(yī)生的建議，她現(xiàn)在也不至于這么胖了。也當(dāng)時(shí)聽了醫(yī)生的建議，她現(xiàn)在也不至于這么胖了。也就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她減肥，她就不會(huì)太胖。就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她減肥，她就不會(huì)太胖。 今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙子。那裙今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，瑪麗試穿后，忍不住叫了起來：子真是漂亮?？墒?，瑪麗試穿后，忍不住叫了起來：“我多希望我瘦一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)啊！要是當(dāng)初我沒有吃那么多我多希望我瘦一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)?。∫钱?dāng)初我沒有吃那么多的垃圾

7、食品該多好??！的垃圾食品該多好??！”如果我是瑪麗，我會(huì)制定一如果我是瑪麗，我會(huì)制定一個(gè)減肥計(jì)劃。要是將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會(huì)每天做運(yùn)個(gè)減肥計(jì)劃。要是將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會(huì)每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。動(dòng)。 現(xiàn)在，該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在，該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時(shí)候了。沒有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒沒有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒是寧愿她和我一起去游泳?？墒撬龍?jiān)持認(rèn)為水上運(yùn)動(dòng)是寧愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為水上運(yùn)動(dòng)不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。 熟讀深思熟讀深思 1. 在在as if/ as though, even i

8、f/even though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。2. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式，動(dòng)詞用一般過去式，(be一般用一般用were)，主句的，主句的謂語用謂語用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。3.5.在在insist, suggest, advise, order, co

9、mmand, propose, demand, require, request等后面的賓語等后面的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，其中，其中的的should可以省略。在可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名詞等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”， 其中的其中的should可以省略?？梢允÷浴?. 錯(cuò)綜條件句：有時(shí)錯(cuò)綜條件句：有時(shí)if 從句中的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作從句中的動(dòng)

10、作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 7. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式用過去完成時(shí)，即式用過去完成時(shí)，即“had過去分詞過去分詞”，主句，主句用用“would /should/could / might + have +過去分過去分詞詞”。89. 在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句和后的賓語從句和 If only（但愿

11、）引出的句子中（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虛擬語氣。表需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂后的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句或語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。后的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。10. 如果如果if 從句中含有從句中含有were, had或或should, 可將可將if 省略，然后將省略，然后將were, had或或should提前至主語前。提前至主語前。即從句可用半倒裝。即從句可用半倒裝。11. 表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從

12、句的謂語形從句的謂語形式用一般過去式，或用式用一般過去式，或用“were to / should +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”，主句用，主句用“would / should /could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。12. 在在It is (high) time that 后的從句中，后的從句中， 謂語動(dòng)謂語動(dòng)詞用詞用“should(不能省略不能省略)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”或一般過去或一般過去時(shí)都可以。時(shí)都可以。13. 含蓄條件從句：用連詞含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise, or，but或或用介詞用介詞but for, without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，

13、謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。其中介詞實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。其中介詞but for, without表示的虛擬語氣，表示的虛擬語氣， 可和可和if 引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。條件狀語從句替換。14. would (had) rather , would sooner用來表達(dá)用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。15. 在

14、動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞insist表表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說, 堅(jiān)持某堅(jiān)持某種說法種說法”； suggest 表表“暗示，表明暗示，表明”時(shí)，后面時(shí)，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣。的從句不用虛擬語氣。16. 在在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。 倒裝與廣東高考倒裝與廣東高考 謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空中每年考一題。我們謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空中每年考一題。我們?cè)谧稣Z法填空題時(shí)，一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中在做語法

15、填空題時(shí)，一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作為謂語后，就需考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、作為謂語后，就需考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。在近年廣東高考中有一個(gè)小題涉主謂一致等。在近年廣東高考中有一個(gè)小題涉及虛擬語氣：及虛擬語氣：(2012年年)He walked in as if he 17 _(buy) the school.解析：解析：在主格人稱代詞在主格人稱代詞he后，顯然是作謂語；后，顯然是作謂語；又因一個(gè)學(xué)生的他不可能是買下了這個(gè)學(xué)校，又因一個(gè)學(xué)生的他不可能是買下了這個(gè)學(xué)校，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，與過去事實(shí)相反，故填故應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，與過去事實(shí)相反，故填had bought。虛擬語氣有時(shí)在高考寫作中

16、也會(huì)用到。如虛擬語氣有時(shí)在高考寫作中也會(huì)用到。如2009年高考讀寫任務(wù)要點(diǎn)年高考讀寫任務(wù)要點(diǎn)(2)“假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境處境, 你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)”，寫這個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí)就需要，寫這個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí)就需要用到虛擬語氣?？梢赃@樣開頭：用到虛擬語氣?？梢赃@樣開頭： If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.如果我是野生動(dòng)物園的如果我是野生動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物動(dòng)物, 當(dāng)人們不停地同我拍照時(shí)當(dāng)人們不停地同我拍照時(shí), 我會(huì)感到惱怒。我

17、會(huì)感到惱怒。1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way.1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。werewould be一、單句填空一、單句填空 靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal.3. 與過去事實(shí)相反。與過去事實(shí)相反。4. I

18、f I _(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.4. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。would have scoredhad5. The doctor ordered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.(should) stay6. It is very important that you _ _(master) the skills of computer.7.

19、English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.(should) make(should)master8. It is high time that we _ _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.took/shouldtake9. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！had10. Janes pale

20、 face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.should havewas二、語篇填空二、語篇填空 Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first

21、place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 _(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 _ he doesnt want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.were is but worked At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 _(do) the

22、 dishes in turn and insist that they 6_ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 _(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious

23、 mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one. should do should finish is When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twinsM

24、other, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 _(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10 _ (give) you a good lesson. was were gave And I insist that you 11 _( not play) any computer games for a whole mo

25、nth too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 _, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you 15 _ (finish) your homework on time yes

26、terday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.should not play or/otherwise without asked had finished 湯姆和彼特雖是長處像同一個(gè)人且都很聰明湯姆和彼特雖是長處像同一個(gè)人且都很聰明,但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶, 各不相同各不相同, 甚至有一次還因甚至有一次還因彼特懶惰彼特懶惰, 投機(jī)取巧投機(jī)取巧, 鬧出笑話。鬧出笑話。1. were 因因as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況的情況, 從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)從句謂語用一般過去時(shí), be

27、一般用一般用were。2. is 因因suggests表示表示“表明，說明表明，說明”，其后的賓，其后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。3. but 因因“本來可以做得更好本來可以做得更好”與與“不愿努力學(xué)不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。4. worked 因因if表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)。謂語用一般過去時(shí)。5. should do 在表示在表示“建議建議”的的suggestion后的同后的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用should do。6. should finish 在在insist表示表示

28、“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)時(shí), 其其后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形”。7. is 該句的該句的insists表示表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，其賓語從，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。8. was 因因suggested作作“表明，說明表明，說明”解，其賓解，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。9. were 在表示愿望的在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。望。10. gave 或或should giv

29、e 在在Its time that句型的句型的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式或從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式或“should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。11. should not play 句中句中insist表示表示“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。 12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的謂語由后面句中的謂語would be可知可知, 前面用前面用or或或otherwise (否則否則)來表示虛擬條件。來表示虛擬條件。13. without 由由would die可知，填可知，填without表示虛表示虛擬條件。擬條件。1

30、4. asked 在在would rather后的從句中，用一般過后的從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｈr(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?5. had finished 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)。虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)。 I met my step-mom for the first time when I moved to America. That night before I went to bed she came to my room, 1 _was the first room I had ever had for my own.

31、 1. 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的my room。which三、語法填空三、語法填空 She told me she was glad to have me and that she 2 _(take) good care of me. Because I was never shown affection 3 _ a child, I did not know how 4_ (react), so I just stared at her. To this day, I have a hard time to let others be affectionate towar

32、ds me. 2. 由上下文可知用過去將來時(shí)。由上下文可知用過去將來時(shí)。3. 這里意為這里意為“作為作為”。4. 根據(jù)前面的根據(jù)前面的how可知可知, 疑問詞后面只疑問詞后面只能接能接to do。would takeasto reactShe asked me for a hug, but I did not know what 5 _word “hug” meant. So, I just looked at her 6 _a questioning expression on my face. But she didnt give up. She called my father into

33、 the room and asked him to explain to me what she meant. 5. 特指特指hug這個(gè)詞。這個(gè)詞。6. 介詞介詞with的基本用法。的基本用法。 thewithWhen he did I looked at my new step-mom and wondered 7 _she wanted to hug me. She then told me it was because she loved me and you hug people when you love 8 _. 7. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填why。 8. 指代前面的指代前面的people。 whythem So she opened her arms wide an