助動詞和系動詞

1、助動詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 掌握助動詞的基本用法 知識點總結(jié) 一、定義 助動詞是英語特有的一類詞， 它們本身一般沒有詞義， 不能單獨作謂語。 其 作用在于幫助實義動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等，構(gòu)成疑問及否定形 式。有以下幾種： be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been), have(has, had, having), do(does, did), shall(should), will(would) 。二、用法1、助動詞 be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)(1) be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)Who is playin

2、g the piano? 誰在彈鋼琴 She was reading a book then. 那時她正在讀書。(2) be后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干這件工作。(3) be后跟動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語：a. 表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。 They were to leave the following day. 他們將在第二天動身。b. 肯定形式表示指示、命令，而否定形式表示禁止。You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見校長。 Anybody is not to enter the roo

3、m without permission. 未經(jīng)允許任何人不能進(jìn)入房間。c. 表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于 should。You are to be back before 5. 你得在 5 點鐘以前回來。d. 表示可能性，與情態(tài)動詞 may, can 同義。Such books are to be found in any library. 這種書在任何圖書館都有。2、助動詞 have(has, had, having)(1) 助動詞 have 可以構(gòu)成完成時或完成進(jìn)行時English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。 I h

4、ave been studying English for 10 years. 我一直在學(xué)英語，已達(dá)十年之久。(2) 和動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情We' ve missed the train. We ' ll have to wait for another one. 我們已經(jīng)誤了火車，只能等下一輛了。3、助動詞 do(does, did)(1) 構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句How did you know about it? 你是怎么知道這件事的 He likes music, doesn't he? 他喜歡音樂，對吧(2) 用來加強(qiáng)語氣Do come an

5、d see us. 一定要來看我們。(3) 代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)He speaks English as fluently as she does. 他英語講得和她一樣流利。(4) 用于倒裝句 Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。說明：引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有 n ever, seldom, rarely, little, on ly, so, well等。(5) 構(gòu)成否定的祈使句 Don't be so proud. 不要那么驕傲。4、shall(should)和 will(would)(1) shall(should)

6、用于第一人稱的將來時態(tài)中，單純表示將來When shall I see you again? 我何時再見到你(2) will 只用于第二人稱和第三人稱的將來時態(tài)中He will be 30 next month. 他下個月 30 歲。You will have an English test tomorrow. 明天你們有一場英語測驗。(3) 在現(xiàn)代英語中， 所有的人稱都可以使用 will(would) 來表示將來時態(tài)Will I see you again? 我還要見你嗎 課堂練習(xí) 一、請用助動詞be和do的恰當(dāng)形式填空。1. What they doing in the dining ro

7、om?2. What you do yesterday?3. he late yesterday morning?4. I going to be a teacher in the future.5. How many students there in your class?6. the globe on the bookshelf? Yes, it is.7. He said yesterday he going to shopping with his mother.8. he go shopping with his wife on the weekend?9. -What he dr

8、awing in the bedroom?-He' s drawing a mouse.10. - your mother a doctor?-No, she is a boss in a big company.11. He (not) know anything about his family.12. He (not) go to the concert yesterday.13. They (not) at home last week, they went to the countryside.14. Look! There s o m e children playing

9、in the park.15. He a boss two years ago, and now he the president of thecountry.16. They not on time for the train the other day, and they late.What a shame!17. There is going to a football match next week.18. Mr. and Mrs. Sato (not) live in Tokyo last year, but now theyliving there.19. Where your f

10、ather from? And where your mother comefrom?20. Maria not a student. She working for an advertisingcompany now.系動詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 掌握系動詞的基本用法知識點總結(jié) 一、定義 系動詞亦稱連系動詞( Link Verb )，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單 獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補(bǔ)語) ，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性 質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明： 有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞，后

11、跟補(bǔ)足語，說明主語情況。) He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。 (fell 是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。 ) 二、 二、分類1、狀態(tài)系動詞：用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有 be 一詞。He is a teacher.他是一名教師。(is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。)2、持續(xù)系動詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度， 主要有keep, rest, rema in, stay, lie, standHe always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。3、表像系動詞：用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,即pea

12、r, lookHe seems (to be) very sad他看起來很傷心。4、感官系動詞：感官系動詞主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste,look。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。5、變化系動詞：這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, tur n, fall, get, go, come, runHe became mad after that.自那之后，他瘋了。6、終止系動詞： 表示主語已終止動作， 主要有 prove, turn out, 表達(dá)"證實 "，&q

13、uot; 變成 "之意。His plan turned out a success他的計劃終于成功了。( turn out表終止性結(jié)果) 注意事項：1、 be是最重要的系動詞，主語不同，be的形式也不同，且有時態(tài)的變化。 通常表示主語的特征、 狀態(tài)和身份等， 后面接形容詞、 副詞、名詞、介詞短語、 不定式、v-ing、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。(1) “ be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“ be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 前者側(cè)重于表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，通常沒有由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語；后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語是謂語動詞所示動作的承受者，表示動作,句中可以用由by 弓丨導(dǎo)的介詞短

14、語。The door was closed. The door was closed by me.“ be+ V-ing構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“ be+ V-ing”構(gòu)成的進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別： 前者側(cè)重于說明主語具有的特征或存在的狀態(tài)，也可說明主語是什么 ； 后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語正在做某事。My job is teaching English.Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2、由行為動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系動詞：(1) 表示人體感官的系動詞有 sound， taste， look， feel， smell 等，后接形容詞；(2) 表示主語從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的

15、系動詞有become， get， go， turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+形容詞， become后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前要用不定冠詞，turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時， 名詞前不用不定冠詞；（3）表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動詞有continue, keep,remain, stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞；表示判斷的系動詞有seem和即pea，后面接形容詞、to be+名詞或形容詞、 that-clause不定式等。3、系動詞的固定搭配。常見的有 come true, fall a

16、sleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 等。課堂練習(xí)（一）選擇填空：1. My brothera teacher. Hehis pupils very much.A. is， like B. is， likes C. are, likes D. are, like2.1 tired last night.A. became B. felt C. looked D. am3. Her facepale（蒼白）when she heard the bad news.A. got B. is C. turned D. was4. Youpale.

17、What's wrong with youA. turnB. seemC. look D. become5. Whichbigger, the sun or the moonA. are B. is C. be D. x6. Neither she nor Ia doctor.A. am not B. am C. are D. is7.1 a worker n ext year.A. am B. will be C. be D. will8. Her voicelike my mother's.A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look9. It ofte n rains and the cropsfast.A. get B. tur nC. grow D. become10. The teacher's smile made mebetter.A. feel B. to feel C. feeli ng D. felt（二）用 smell, taste, go, get, become, grow, seem, look, feel, turn 的適當(dāng) 形式填空：1. You _ _ very young.2. At first those questions_ _easy but later I