英語構詞法在高考中的應用

1、1 英語構詞法在高考中的應用 本課要點：1.各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化 2. 運用構詞法知識猜測語境中詞的語義 3. 通過理解和掌握構詞法擴大詞匯量 考情分析： 1. We drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3. But Jane knew from past experienee that her _(choose) o

2、f ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09 高考) 4. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and tha nked his stude nt very much for the sweet water.(1C 高考) 考點精講： Frie ndships cha nge as our n eeds and lifestyles change _ Don trouble trouble un til trouble troubles you. _ They watched the train

3、 un til it disappeared in the dista nee. _ 英語構詞法主要有三種方法： -一.合成(Compounding):由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞 eg. house(房子)+ wife(妻子)-housewife(家庭主婦) 二. 轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion):由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類： eg. water ( n.)水 - water ( v.)澆水 三. 派生(Derivation):通過加前綴或后綴構成另外一個詞： eg. happy- unhappy 加前綴一般不改變原詞的 ，只改變其 _ happy- happi ness 加后綴改變了原詞的 一.

4、合成法： Yet, shopkeepersmay have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without pay ing for them. What does the word “ shoplifter” mean? A. 商店里的小偷 B.商店里的推銷員 C.商店里的老客戶 D.商店里的搬運工 注意: 請你猜一猜下列劃線的詞的詞義。 1. For them, playing well and winning

5、are often life-and-death affairs. 2. Down-to-earth spirit is a n ecessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. 2 3. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years. 二轉(zhuǎn)化法： He is a man with broadshoulders. We will s

6、houlder the responsibilities at any time. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.（08 高 考） 觸類旁通：feed cause use fly n ative major mail empty cheat free 三派生法（重點）： （一）前綴 1. 否定前綴：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non- 請為下列單詞找出適當?shù)姆穸ㄇ熬Y。 bala nee concern a

7、ctive patie nt possible un dersta nd legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair 2. 請找出下列單詞的前綴，并討論前綴所含意義 retell repay an tiaircraft oversleep overlook superma n coeducati on subway subtitle intern ati onal in terview enl arge tran sport 歸納： 鞏固練習： 1 It would be easy for som

8、e one tomisprese nt himself on line because you casee him. Thus some one who says that “ she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man. What does the word “ mispresent ” mean? A. Mak ing a wrong judgme nt about B. U ndersta nding somebody wron gly C. Gi ving a wrong descripti on of D. Formi

9、ng a wrong opi nion about 2 .The computer also counts the loads and gives a sig nal by phone whe n the box is full. And a special piece of equipme nt breaks up thei on recyclables. 3.Another myth about eyes is that they can betransplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new bra （二）

10、后綴 1. 常見的名詞后綴 A:表示人的后綴： _ 3 B:其它常見的后綴： _ 技巧點撥： 動詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接 或動名詞，如果所 給單詞是其它詞類，就要將其改為 _ ，并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。動詞，名詞，形 容詞時都有可能會考否定形式，一定要根據(jù)語境來判斷。 (1) His _ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident (2) He was one of the _ (visit) who thought highly of Tom, their guide. 2. 常見的形容詞后綴 -al ; -an ; -ern; -ble

11、; -sh ; -ve; -y; -ful ; - less -y;-ous 表示具有 的性質(zhì), 或與有關 e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless careful 3. 常見的副詞后綴： -ly 表示方式，程度：freely , happily -ward (s)表示方向 ：westwards 技巧點撥： 動詞前后、形容詞前后可有 _ ，這時，如果所給詞為形容詞， 則需將其變?yōu)楦痹~。如果所給詞為名詞或動詞，可先將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~，再加后綴 -ly。另外，在答題時還要考慮副詞級的

12、變化。名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語 連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。如果所需詞為形容詞時，還要考慮形容詞級的變化。 如： (1)The little girl is _ (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam. What，s the _ (length)river in the world? (3) _ The (stre ngth)we become, the more modest we should be. 4. 動詞后綴： -fy (使化);-ize (使成為)； 寫出下列單詞的動詞形式。 beauty moder n deep rich

13、 real 技巧點撥： 動詞是句子的靈魂，在確定語法填空的答案時，要考慮句子中是否 有謂語動詞，如果 _ 謂語動詞，需將所給詞通過加前綴或后綴變成動詞。 兩個 en 含有使動用法: en - (enrich) -en (widen) 易錯點 .Nowadays most aircraft fly highly. 2. They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home. 3. ”We really did very well,” cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,” for I found little

14、un happ in ess among the childre n this morni ng. 強化訓練 I. ln a word, to save time is _ (long) life. to len gthe n 2. Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _ (true) rich. en(使) quick 4 3. The race gave a great deal of _(please).惠一調(diào)) 4. It was his ninth year of school and hi

15、s academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of_ (an gry).(惠二調(diào)) 5. and viruses, so I m very careful not to give out my _ (person) in formatio n.(惠三調(diào)) 6. With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _ (speech) 廣 一模) 7. Mr Chen has t

16、aught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.(廣州二模) 8. _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (09 廣州二模) 9. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_ (patie nee).(深一模) 10. “Thirty-fiv

17、e cents,” she said _(rude). (09 深一模) II. . I must know how to care for others and try not to _ (understand) them. 12. you have done well and made great achieveme nt in the _ (en terta in) field.(惠一模) 13. These people have made great _ (contribute) to China with their work.(茂名二模) 14. _ The storm dama

18、ged several (n ew) built build in gs,(梅州二模) 15. Numerous studies have shown that free play is very _ (benefit). It can help children become creative (四校聯(lián)考) 16.they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to men tio n the latest _ (excite) football match.(東莞一模) 解題心得小結(jié)：介詞，冠詞，所有格后接 _

19、 ;形容詞修飾 _ ;副詞修飾 熟悉四會單詞的意義、拼寫和詞性 .、八 1. 在做語法填空時，一定要善于根據(jù)上下文分析句子結(jié)構，句子成分，平時要多 積累相關的單詞，熟悉其詞性，并利用好構詞法等技巧。 2. 最后，要檢查一遍，大小寫問題，單復數(shù)問題，字母是否缺漏，單詞是否要雙 寫(e.g. runne)不斷地通過分析句子來檢驗自己的答案。 3. 平時注重培養(yǎng)：閱讀、理解語篇的能力； 分析句子結(jié)構的能力； 熟練運用語 法的能力。 實戰(zhàn)演習 I hated(1) _ (wait) for her for hours without(2) _ (know) when on earth she woul

20、d come. On her(3) _ (arrive),she would always hugged me, promisi ng n ever to be late aga in. I used to stare at her in(4) _ (an gry),telli ng her frankly that her(5) _ (arrive)late made me angry and that I wan ted to end our(6) _ (relate).However, she n ever seemed to be(7) _ (an grily).She told me

21、 that she always thought of me as one of her best(8) _ (frie ndly)a nd if I left her, that would be a 5 severe(9) _ (puni sh)to her. Fin ally we reached an(10) _ (agree)thatwe would still be good friends, but she mustn t be late again. (2) Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her _ 1 (p

22、leasa nt) in terview with Jack,the vice gen eral man ager of the factory.A nn was told the factory had bee n pouri ng waste water directly in to the river,mak ing the water _2 _ (suit)to drin k.A nn thought it was her duty to _3 _ (close)the matter and had it reported in the n ewspaper.She also thou

23、ght it was _4 _ (responsible)JP3 for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was _5 _ (proper)a nd _6_ (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advanee. However,A nn regarded it most importa nt to en sure the reside nts n ear the factory to drink J_ _ (pollutio n)water

24、.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day. (3) It was a(1) _ (sno w)w in ter Sun day. Jane sat in her (2) _ (gloom) room, stari ng at the teleph one (3) _ (sad), waiting(4) _ (eager)for a phonecall her uncle pomised her if he could m

25、an age to find her a job. It was almost 11 o，clock, but the phone still remained(5) _ (sile nce).She once told herself that her un cle could do nothing to help her and she thought she had some(6) _ (predict)power about such kind of thin gs. However, she still felt it(7) _ (bear)whe n she assumed her

26、 predicti on came true, so she couldn t help weep ing. Just the n, the teleph one ran g. It was her uncle, telling her the manager of his company agreed to give her a cha nee because he thought Jane was a(8) _ (compete)girl to do the work well. Imagi ne how happy Jane was at the good n ews. (4) Afte

27、r the engin eer waited for two hours to have the plan(1) _ (approve),he walked out of the mayor s office into the narrow street, thi nki ng that the admi nistrative formalities must(2) _ (simple)to make things easier, the narrow streets of the city should(3) (wide) and another theater should be buil

28、t (4) _ (rich)people s life after work. More money should be spend(5) _ (in dustry)the city. Besides it was important(6) _ (deep)and(7)_ (wide) the river so that there would be less flood. Just then, he smelt a delicious smell out of a restaura nt and he realized he hadht had anything for ten hours.

29、 He the n said to himself, “Why should I think of all this ? Am I the mayor ? The most important thing I should do now is to eat something. ” He(8) (quick)his steps towards the restaura nt. (5) Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these(1) _ (fail)as a n ecessary part of the

30、 lear ning process. But all too often(2) _ parents and teachers we do not allow our childre n to have the same right. We convey either by words(3) by acti ons that failure is somethi ng to be ashamed 6 of, and that no thi ng but top performa nee meets with our(4) _ (approve). Whe n I see a child sub

31、ject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was a shy, n ervous perfecti oni st. His fear of failure(5) _ (keep)him from classroom games that other childre n played with joyous aba ndon. He seldom an swered questi ons for fear that he would be wrong. He seldom finished his work becausehe re

32、peatedly checked with me to be sure he hadn t made a(6) (mistake n).l tried my best to build up his self-c on fide nee. And I repeatedly asked God for(7) _ (direct).But nothing changed until midterm,(8) _ Mary Anne, a young student teacher, was appo in ted to our classroom. She was young and pretty,

33、 and she loved childre n. Many stude nts, Donnie(9) _ (in clude),adored her. With her(10) _ (en courage),D onnie became con fide nt. (6) A father sat at his desk look ing at and carefully study ing his 1 (month)bill when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad,because this is your birthday and y

34、ou are 55 years old,I m going to give you 55 kisses,one for each yea”! But the father exclaimed/Oh,Peter,dontdo it now.lm too busy!” The boy immediately fell _2 _ (silence)as tears rolled down from his big blue eyes. _3 _ (apologize)the father said, “You can finish later” The boy said nothing but 4

35、(quiet)walked away, _ 5 (disappo in t)writte n over his face.That eve ning the father said, “Come and fin ish the kisses no w,Peter!” But the boy did nt respond. _ 6 (fortun ate),the boy had an accide nt and was drow ned.His heartbroke n father wrote, “ If only I could tell him how much I regret my

36、7 (thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is achi ng. Love is a two-way street.A ny lovi ng act must be 8 (warm)accepted or it will be taken as _9 _ (reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10_(importa nce)tha n resp onding with love to the cry for love from those who

37、 are n ear and precious to us.7 參考答案： 考情分析 1. merrily 2. n atural 3. choice 4.warmly 考點精講：合成法 轉(zhuǎn)化法 派生法 詞性詞義 詞性 一. A 1.生死悠關的；2.實事求是的 做白日夢的 現(xiàn)實的 3最精彩的部分 二. 名詞 動詞 遺愿 三. imbala nee unconcern in active impatie nt impossible misun dersta nd illegal uni ucky impolite irregular disagree misuse disho nest disadva ntage non smoker non stop un fair re-再， anti-反對，反抗 over-太多的，在之上，super-超級，過度 co-共同 Sub-下， 低位，在.下面 in ter-相互的， en-使， tran s-變 C 不可循環(huán)使