初中數(shù)學英語專業(yè)術語()

1、初中數(shù)學詞匯數(shù)學 mathematics, maths(BrE),乘 times(prep)multiply”)，math(AmE)multiplication.)公理axiom被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend定理 theorem乘數(shù) multiplicator計算 calculation積 product運算 operation除divided by(prep.),證明provedivide”)，division(n.)假設hypothesis,被除數(shù)dividendhypotheses(pl.)除數(shù) divisor命題 proposition商 quotient算術 ar

2、ithmetic等于 equals, is equal to, is力口plus(prep.),add(v.),equivalent toaddition(n.)大于 is greater than被力口數(shù) augend, summand小于 is lesser than加數(shù)addend大于等于 is equal or greater和sumthan減 minus(prep.), subtract”)，小 于等于 is equal or lessersubtraction(n.)than被減數(shù)minuend運算符operator減數(shù) subtrahend數(shù)字digit差 remainder數(shù)

3、number自然數(shù) natural number整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點 decimal point分數(shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive負 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十進制 decimal system二進制 binary system十六進制 hexadecimal system權 weight, significance進位carry截尾 truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效數(shù)字 significant

4、digit無 效數(shù)字 insignificantdigit代數(shù) algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項式monomial多 項 式 polynomial, multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor,y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對數(shù) logarithm指數(shù)，募ex

5、ponent乘方power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, thefourth powern 次方 the power of n, the nthpower開方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the導數(shù) derivativefourth rootn 次方根 the root of n, the nthroot集合 aggregate元素 element空集void子集subset交集 intersect

6、ion并集union補集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function定義域 domain, field ofdefinition值域range常量 constant變量 variable單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性 periodicity圖象image數(shù)列，級數(shù)series微積分calculus微分 differential極限limit無 窮 大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分 integral定積分 definite integral不定積分 indefinite integral有理數(shù)

7、 rational number無理數(shù) irrational number實數(shù) real number虛數(shù) imaginary number復數(shù) complex number矩陣matrix行列式 determinant幾何 geometry點 point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度degree弧度radian銳角 acute angle直角 right angle專屯角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 hei

8、ght三角形triangle銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角邊leg斜邊 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem專屯角三角形 obtuse triangle不等邊三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等邊三角形 equilateraltriangle四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle長 length寬 width菱 形 rhomb, rhombus,rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形squa

9、re梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五邊形pentagon六邊形hexagon七邊形heptagon八邊形octagon九邊形enneagon十邊形decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形polygon正多邊形 equilateral polygon圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑radius直徑 diameter圓周率pi弧arc半圓 semicircle扇形sector環(huán) ring橢圓 ellipse圓周 circumference

10、周長 perimeter面積area軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體 hendecahedron十二面體 dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron棱錐 pyramid棱柱prism棱臺 frustum of a prism旋轉(zhuǎn) rotati

11、on軸 axis圓錐cone圓柱 cylinder圓臺 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surface area體積volume空間space坐標系 coordinates坐標軸 x-axis, y-axisz-axis橫坐標 x-coordinate縱坐標 y-coordinate原點origin雙曲線hyperbola拋物線parabola三角 trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割secant余割 cosecant反正弦arc sine標準差 r

12、oot-mean-square反余弦arc cosinestandard deviation反正切 arc tangent比例 propotion反余切 arc cotangent百分比percent反正割arc secant百分點 percentage反余割 arc cosecant百分位數(shù)percentile相位phase排歹 U permutation周期period組合 combination振幅 amplitude概率，或然率probability內(nèi) 心incentre(BrE),分布 distributionincenter(AmE)止態(tài)分布 normal distribution

13、外 心excentre(BrE),非 正態(tài) 分布abnormalexcenter(AmE)distribution旁 心escentre(BrE),圖表graphescenter(AmE)條形統(tǒng)計圖bar graph垂 心orthocentre(BrE),柱形統(tǒng)計圖 histogramorthocenter(AmE)折線統(tǒng)計圖 broken line graph重 心barycentre(BrE),曲線統(tǒng)計圖 curve diagrambarycenter(AmE)扇形統(tǒng)計圖 pie diagram內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle數(shù)學公式的英文讀法& 數(shù)學英文詞夕卜切圓 cir

14、cumcircle匯統(tǒng)計 statistics1.Logic平均數(shù)average?there力口權平均數(shù) weighted averageexist方差 variance?for alldeviation,p ? qpimplies q / if p, then qp ? qp ifand only if q /p is equivalentto q / p and q are equivalent2.Setsx G Axbelongs to A / x is an element(or a member) of Ax?Ax doesnot belong to A / x is not ane

15、lement (or a member) of AA? BA iscontained in B / A is a subsetof BA ? BAcontains B / B is a subset of AAPBA cap B/ A meet B / A intersection BAU BA cup B/ A join B / A union BABA minusB / the diference between A andaxbcross B / the cartesianof A and B3.numbersx+1onex-1onex± 1or minus onexymult

16、iplied by y(x - y)(xy)x plus yx yequals signx = 5equals 5 / x is equal to 5x乎5A productReal x plus x minus x plus xy / x+ x minus y,x over y thex x (is)Bnot equal to 5power 2x=yx isx 3x cubedequivalent to (orwith) yidenticalx 4fourth / x to the power fourx to thex = yx isx nx to thenot equivalent to

17、 (oridenticalnth / x to the power nwith) yx -nx tox > yx isthe (power) minus ngreater than yx(square)x >yx isroot x / the square root of xgreater than or equal to yx 3cubex < yx isroot (of) xless than yx 4fourthx <yx isroot (of) xless than or equal to yx nnth root0<x<(of) x1less th

18、an x is less than 1zero is(x+y ) 2plus y all squaredx0<x<lzer(x y ) 2xo is less than or equal to x isover y all squaredless than or equal to 1n!n1 x |modx /factorialmodulus xx Ax hatx 2xx x barsquared / x (raised)to thex ?x tildeAA -1Ainverse / the inverse of A5.Functionsf( x )fx / fx ixi / xs

19、ubscript i / x suffix i / x subEi=1naithe sumfrom iequals one tona i / thesum asi runs from 1ton of thea i4.LinearalgebraII x IIthenorm (or modulus) of xOAOA/vector OAOA -OA /the length of the segment OAA Ttranspose / the transpose of Aof x / the function f of xf:S fTafunction f from S to Tx yx maps

20、to y / x is sent (or mapped) toyf'( x )fprime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect toxf''( x )fdouble-prime x / f double-dashx / the second derivative of fwith respect to xf'''( x )triple-prime x / f triple-dash x/ the third derivative of f with respect to

21、xf (4) ( x )ffour x / the fourth derivativeof f with respect to x?f ? x 1thepartial (derivative) of f withrespect to x1?2 f ? x 12the定理 theoremsecond partial(derivative)off with respect to x1/ 0 00theintegral from zero to infinitylim ?x7 0thelimit as x approaches zerolim ?xf0+the limitas x approache

22、s zero from above lim ?xf0-the limitas x approaches zero from below log e ylogy to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yln ? ylog yto the base e / log to the basee of y / natural log (of) y一般詞匯數(shù)學 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom計算 calculation運算 operation證明prove假設 hypothes

23、is, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition算術 arithmetic力口 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被力口數(shù) augend, summand 加數(shù)addend和sum減 minus(prep.), subtract(v), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù)minuend減數(shù) subtrahend差 remainder乘times(prep)multiply(v),multiplication.) 被乘數(shù) multiplicand,faciend乘數(shù) multiplicator積 product除 divided by(pre

24、p.), divide”)，division(n.)被除數(shù)dividend除數(shù) divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大 于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than運算符operator數(shù)字digit數(shù) number自然數(shù) natural number整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點 decimal point分數(shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 den

25、ominator比 ratio正 positive負 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十進制 decimal system二進制 binary system十 六進制 hexadecimalsystem權 weight, significance進位carry截尾 truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有 效數(shù)字 significantdigit無效數(shù)字 insignificantdigit代數(shù) algebra公 式 formula,formulae(pl.)單項式monomial多項式 polynomial,

26、multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadraticequation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quarticequation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對數(shù) logarithm 指數(shù)，募 exponent乘方power 二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern 次方 the power

27、of n,the nth power開方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 squareroot三次方根，立方根 cuberoot四次方根the root offour, the fourth rootn 次方根 the root of n,the nth root集合 aggregate元素 element空集void子集subset交集 intersection并集union補集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function定義域 domain, field ofdefinition值域range常量 constant變量 variable單調(diào)性

28、 monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性 periodicity圖象image數(shù)列，級數(shù)series微積分calculus微分 differential導數(shù) derivative極限limit無窮大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分 integral定積分 definiteintegral不定積分 indefiniteintegral有理數(shù) rational number無理數(shù) irrationalnumber實數(shù) real number虛數(shù) imaginary number復數(shù) complex number矩陣matrix行列式

29、 determinant幾何 geometry點 point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度degree弧度radian銳角 acute angle直角 right angle專屯角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 height三角形triangle銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角邊leg斜邊 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem鈍

30、角三角形 obtuse triangle不等邊 三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等邊三角形 equilateraltriangle四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形parallelogram矩形 rectangle長 length寬 width菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等 腰梯形 isoscelestrapezoid五邊形pentagon六邊形hexagon七邊形heptagon 八邊形octagon

31、九邊形enneagon十邊形decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形polygon正多邊形equilateralpolygon圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑radius直徑 diameter圓周率pi弧arc半圓semicircle扇形sector環(huán) ring橢圓 ellipse圓周 circumference周長 perimeter面積area軌跡 locusloca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行

32、六面體parallelepiped立方體cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面 體hendecahedron十 二 面 體dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron棱錐 pyramid棱柱prism棱臺 frustum of aprism旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation軸 axis圓錐cone圓柱 cylinder圓臺 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surface area體積volume

33、空間space坐標系 coordinates坐標軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis橫坐標 x-coordinate縱坐標 y-coordinate原點origin雙曲線hyperbola拋物線parabola三角 trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割secant余割 cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅 amplitude內(nèi)心 ince

34、ntre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle夕卜切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計 statistics平均數(shù)average力口權平均數(shù) weightedaverage方差 varianceroot-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例

35、propotion百分比percent百分點 percentage百分位數(shù)percentile排歹 U permutation組合 combination概率，或然率probability分布 distribution正 態(tài)分布 normal distribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution圖表graph條形統(tǒng)計圖bar graph柱形統(tǒng)計圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計圖broken line graph曲線統(tǒng)計圖 curve diagram扇形統(tǒng)計圖 piediagram專業(yè)術語詞匯代數(shù)部分1 .有關數(shù)學運算add, plus 加subtract 減differ

36、ence 差multiply,times 乘product 積divide 除divisible 可被整除的dividedevenly 被整除dividend被除數(shù)，紅利divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient 商remainder 余數(shù)factorial 階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign 根號roundto 四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2 .有關集合union并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3 .有關代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代數(shù)項like terms,similar terms 同類項nume

37、rical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程，等價方程4 .有關分數(shù)和小數(shù)proper fraction 真分數(shù)improper fraction 假分數(shù)mixed number 帶分數(shù)vulgar fraction , commonfraction普通分數(shù)simple fraction 簡分數(shù)complex fraction 繁分數(shù)numerator 分子denomin

38、ator 分母(least)common denominator (最小)公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal 循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit 十分位5 .基本數(shù)學概念arithmetic mean算術平均值weighted average 力口權平均值geometric mean 幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，募base乘募的底數(shù)，底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用對數(shù)digit 數(shù)字constant

39、常數(shù)variable 變量inversefunction 反函數(shù)complementary function 余函數(shù)linear 一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對值，e.g. |-32 | =32round off 四舍五入6 .有關數(shù)論natural number 自然數(shù)positive number 正數(shù) negative number 負數(shù)odd integer,odd number 奇數(shù) even integer,even numbe 偶數(shù) integer,whole number 整數(shù) positive whole number 正整數(shù)

40、 negative whole number 負整數(shù) consecutive number 連續(xù)整數(shù) real number,rational number 實數(shù)，有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)inverse 倒數(shù)composite number 合 數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number 質(zhì) 數(shù) e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15注意：所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù)，但 奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal 倒數(shù)directproportion 正比common divisor 公約數(shù)distinct 不同的multiple 倍數(shù)est

41、imation 估計，近似(least)common multiple(最小)parentheses公倍數(shù)proportion 比例(prime)factor( 質(zhì))因子permutation 排歹 Ucommon factor公 因 子combination 組合ordinaryscale,decimalscale十table表格進制trigonometric function三角函nonnegative 非負的數(shù)tens十位unit 單位,位units 個位幾何部分mode眾數(shù)1.所有的角median中數(shù)alternate angle 內(nèi)錯角common ratio 公比correspon

42、ding angle 同位角7.數(shù)列vertical angle 對頂角arithmeticcentral angle 圓心角progression(sequence)等差數(shù)歹 Uinterior angle 內(nèi)角geometricexterior angle 外角progression(sequence)等比數(shù)歹 Usupplement aryangles 補角8.其它complement aryangle 余角approximate 近似adjacent angle 鄰角(anti)clockwise(逆)順時少1方向acute angle 銳角cardinal 基數(shù)obtuse angl

43、e 專屯角ordinal 序數(shù)right angle 直角round angle 周角plane平面straight angle 平角square正方形，平方included angle 夾角rectangle 長方形2.所有的三角形regular polygon 正多邊形equilateral triangle等邊三角rhombus形trapezoid 梯形scalene triangle不等邊三角形4.其它平面圖形isosceles triangle等腰三角形arc弧right triangle直角三角形line,straight line直線oblique 斜三角形line segment 線段inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形parallel lines平行線3.有關收斂的平面圖形，除二角形segment of a circle弧形外5.有關立體圖形semicircle 半圓cube立方 體，立方數(shù)concentric circles同心圓rectangular solid 長方體quadrilate