專題8.2SectionB-八年級(jí)英語人教版(上冊(cè))

1、Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?8.2 Section B1. First. put some butter on a piece of bread. 首先，在一片面包上放一些黃油。a piece of "一片，一塊”。其后接不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。而 pieces of短語作 主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。? I m hungry. Please give me a piece of bread. 我餓了, 請(qǐng)給我一片面包。? There are two pieces of bread on the plate.

2、 桌子上有兩片面包。2. In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.在大多數(shù)國家， 人們常在特殊的節(jié)日里吃傳統(tǒng)食物。traditional形容詞，意為"傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的"。作表語或定語。? The traditional education should be changed.傳統(tǒng)的教育需要改變了?！局R(shí)拓展】tradition n.傳統(tǒng)，慣例 in the tradition of 具有的風(fēng)格by tradition按照傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗。的輔（廣東深圳） The Dragon

3、 Boat Festival is an important day in our country. On that day we can have somefood like " Zongzi".A. nationalB. westernC. traditional【答案】C【解析】句意,在我們國家端午節(jié)是一個(gè)重要的節(jié)日。在用法我們能吃到像粽子拉樣的傳統(tǒng)食物口口疝E31 國冢的,民族的J westem西方的亍waditi51al傳統(tǒng)的,根據(jù)句意可知，粽子是端午節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物？故應(yīng)選a3. . and is a time to give thanks for food in

4、the autumn. 是一個(gè)感謝秋季收獲食物的時(shí)刻。time此處用作可數(shù)名詞。It is a time （for sb） to do sth意為"（對(duì)某人來說）是做某事的時(shí)候。"? It is a good time for fishermen to catch fish. 對(duì)漁民來說這是一個(gè)捕魚的好時(shí)候。It is a time for hens to brood.是母雞孵蛋的時(shí)候?！局R(shí)拓展】time表示"時(shí)間”時(shí)，用作不可數(shù)名詞，側(cè)重指時(shí)刻。It is time（for sb）to do sth意為"到（某人）做某事的時(shí)間了。"? It

5、 is time for us to go to school.到我們上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。-Is it time supper?Yes. It ' s time fo us have supper.A. to ; toB. to ; forC. for; forD. for; to【答案】D【解析】句意二到唉飯的時(shí)間了嗎9是的j是我們吃晚飯的D寸間了 口 It k time （for to do獨(dú)到某人做某事的時(shí)間了 05 Mm£ for獨(dú)到某事的時(shí)間了。所以選D中4. At this time, people also remember the first travelers f

6、rom England who came to live in America about 400years ago.此時(shí)，人們也回憶起第一批來自英格蘭的旅行者們，他們大約400年前來到美國定居。（1）此句中remember的意思是“回想起；記起“，表示對(duì)過去人或事的追憶。remember還可意為“記得；記著“。? Can you remember him?你能回想起他嗎？【易混辨析】remember to do sth 與 remember doing sthremember to do sth記得去做某事（事情還未做）I remember to take the medicine at t

7、he right time.我記住要按時(shí)服藥。remember doing sth記得做過某事（事情已做）I remember taking the medicine at the right time.我記得已按時(shí)服過約了。Please remember her the news when you see her. OK. I will.A.to tellB.tellC.tellingD.to telling【答案】A解析】句意：一見至她押寸候請(qǐng)記得告訴她這個(gè)消息中 一的,我會(huì)的° BmbGoE時(shí)意為”記得 去做某事”，事情還未發(fā)生；remember doing如意為”記得做過某事

8、事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了 &結(jié)合句意可 知選人（2）句中 who came to live in America about 400 years ago 為由關(guān)系代詞 who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾主句中 的先行詞"travelers"。? Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? 你認(rèn)識(shí)現(xiàn)在在舞臺(tái)上唱歌的那個(gè)女孩兒嗎？聲色（湖北隨州） The policeman has caught the thief stole Mr. Li ' s wallet.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which【答案】B

9、【解析】句意：警察已經(jīng)抓住了那個(gè)偷了李先生錢包的賊。修飾先行詞the thief的定語從句中，缺少主語，故用代詞who。故選Bo（3） traveler n. （= traveller）漂泊者；旅行者；游客? She is a frequent traveler to Canada.她經(jīng)常到加拿大去旅游。【知識(shí)拓展】travel + erf traveler v.+ er - n.類似的詞還有：sing- singer kill - killerwork f worker employf employer （雇用者）follow - follower dive- diver （潛水員）writ

10、e writer teachf teacherdrivef driver learnf learner5. First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper. 首先， 把些面包屑、 洋蔥、 鹽和胡椒粉 混合在一起。mix. and .意為"把和混合"，其中mix此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為"（使）混合；融合”。? You can't mix oil and water.你不能把油和水融合。Don't mix business with pleasure.不要把工作和娛樂摻和在一起

11、。【知識(shí)拓展】mix up是動(dòng)詞短語，意為"把混合在一起，攪拌，攪勻“，它的賓語是名詞時(shí)，放在詞組中間或后面都可，若是代詞 it/them,必須放在詞組中間。? She mixed two drinks up in a glass.她把兩種飲料在玻璃杯里混合。mixinto/to是指"把和混合在一起"，指把兩種不同類的事物混合在一起。? Mix an egg into batter.把面糊中加進(jìn)一個(gè)雞蛋。mix也可用作名詞，意為“混合配料"，相當(dāng)于 mixture。? Please add water to the cake mix.請(qǐng)往蛋糕混合料里加水

12、。Please put these things into the bowl and.A. mix them upB. mix up themC. mix it upD. mix up it【答案】AL解折】向意:請(qǐng)把垓些東西放進(jìn)碗里并掘平在一起口 mix up意為''把某物混合在一起o these thin等是 復(fù)數(shù),因此用代詞them指代,當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí),應(yīng)放在短語"mix up打卬間。敢選A。6. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy. 火雞烤好后，

13、 把它放在個(gè)大盤子上，澆上肉汁。cover此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為"覆蓋，遮掩"。cover. with.用把覆蓋be covered with.被所覆蓋? She covered her knees with a blanket.她把毯子蓋在膝蓋上。? Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 地球表面的四分之三被水覆蓋著?！局R(shí)拓展】cover的其他用法v.占（一片面積）? Their school covers an area of 6 square kilometers. 他們學(xué)校

14、占地 6 平方公里。n.蓋物；套子；（書刊等的）封面；封皮? He put the cover on his piano.他把琴套罩在了他的鋼琴上。? The book needs a new cover.這本書需要一個(gè)新封皮。The mountain with snow all year round. So it' s hard to climb it.A. coveredB. was coveredC. is coveredD. cover.故由句意而【解析】句意:盅座山終年被積雪覆蓋，因此很難爬口 w covered *也一意為”被覆蓋” 可知選Co7. Finally, ser

15、ve it to your friends with some vegetables. 最后，用它配著一些蔬菜招待你的朋友。 serve在此用作動(dòng)詞，意為“接待；服務(wù)；提供“。? Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.空姐們?yōu)槌丝头?wù)時(shí)總是滿臉笑容。【知識(shí)拓展】serve的常用結(jié)構(gòu)"serve+名詞/代詞"表示"提供”。? The company will serve a meal at noon to all workers. 該公司?各為所有工人提供午餐。 serve sb sth = s

16、erve sth to sb 招待某人某物。? The waiter served tea to his customer.那個(gè)服務(wù)員給他的顧客上茶。serve sb with sth用某物招待某人。? The old man served us with milk tea yesterday.老人昨天用奶茶招待了我們。"serve+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（形容詞）"表示"提供"。? Please serve the milk hot.請(qǐng)?zhí)峁崤Ｄ獭?. celebrate v.慶祝；慶賀We celebrated his birthday by having

17、 a party.我們通過開派對(duì)慶祝他的生日。相關(guān)短語：celebrate Christmas 慶祝圣誕節(jié)celebrate a victory/success 慶祝勝禾 1 /成功【知識(shí)拓展】celebrate one's birthday 慶祝某人的生日celebratef celebration 慶?；顒?dòng)birthday celebrations 生日慶祝7 K基礎(chǔ)?.T- - ' TP-強(qiáng).I.單詞拼寫1. He has a t now. Please send him to the hospital.2. In most countries, people usual

18、ly eat(傳統(tǒng)的)food on special holidays.3. There are many(游客)in Beijing each year.4. That restaurant(提供)good food and drinks.5. Can you tell me the(原因)why you are late again?6. People around the world(慶祝)important holidays by doing different things.7. (記著)to call me when you arrive!8. It's time(turn

19、) on the lights.9. The ground(cover) with snow.10. (final), they climbed Mount Huang.11. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We need two(piece) of bread.2. She had two(sandwich) for breakfast.3. 一Do you like(tomato)? Yes, very much.4. Lots of foreign(travel) come to visit China every year.5. Spring Festival is a(traditi

20、on) Chinese festival.6. The cook (cut) up the bananas and mixed it with milk. The milk shake tasted very delicious.7. Oil and water will not(mix).8. He (celebrate) his mother s birthday at home with his family every year.9. The bottle is (fill) with oil.10. I don t know he comes from(English).III. 根

21、據(jù)漢語提示完成句子1. 你知道在哪里買這種郵票嗎 ?Do you knowthis kind of stamp?2. 吉姆從書包里取出了他的字典給了我。Jimhis dictionary from his schoolbag and gave it to me.3. 桌上有一個(gè)西紅柿。請(qǐng)幫我把它切碎。There s a tomato on the table. Please help me.4. 我們需要多少面包 ? do we need?5. 他把西紅柿放進(jìn)籃子里然后離開了。Hethe tomatoesthe basket and then left.6. 我們需要多少奶酪?do we ne

22、ed?7. 我需要半杯水。We need water.8. 最后加一些鹽到爆米花里。Finally, the saltpopcorn.9. 你知道怎樣種樹嗎 ?Do you know a tree?10. 咱們制作牛肉面條吧!Lets !IV . 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Can I help you, sir?A. piece of paper I d like to have 100 . I want my students to draw pictures.B. pieces of paperC. pieces of papersD. piece of paper2. Anyone who is a

23、 server or has been one knows that customers always come first.A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which3. How do most people the Dragon Boat Festival?By eating delicious zongzi and watching the boat races.A. celebrateB. organizeC. chooseD. expect4. The box is too heavy to carry. What ' s in it?Oh, it is boo

24、ks.A. filled withB. covered withC. used forD. asked for5. All the things deep white snow. It ' s so beautiful outside.A. are covered onB. are covered inC. covered withD. be covered6. We got up very late today, for my alarm clock doesn ' t.A. act13. doC. serveD. work水能力II.完形填空I like eating ch

25、icken hamburgers.They're my favorite.you like them, let me tell you how to make a hamburger.First, check you have all the ingredients（原料）.You need two of bread, some chicken and lettuce.You need one spoon of cream and some relish.Next, put the chicken one piece of bread.Put thelettuce on the chi

26、cken.some relish and the cream to the lettuce.Put piece of bread on the top.Now the great chicken hamburger is.But you can't eat it.Put it into a paper bag.Then put the bag in the oven and turn on the oven.After about twenty seconds , the oven and take out your chicken hamburger.You can enjoy it

27、 now.But you shouldn't eat hamburgers , because they're not good for health.1. A. AndB. IfC. SoD. But2. A. turkeyB. duckC. chickenD. beef3. A. spoonsB. cupC. PieceD. pieces4. A. alsoB. tooC. can'tD. don't5. A. inB. onC. IntoD. to6. A. PutB. PourC. AddD. Mix7. A. otherB. the othersC.

28、othersD. the other8. A. deliciousB. OKC. goodD. super9. A. turn offB. turn onC. cut upD. turn up10. A. everB. hardlyC. neverD. oftenII. 閱讀理解The spring season brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to enjoy.For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps.Ramps

29、are a wild plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one of the first plants that grow in the spring, usually between April and May. They are recognized（ 意識(shí) ） by their red stem（ 莖 ）, and two long and wide green leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste, similar to onions（ 洋

30、蔥 ）.Ramps are not as well-known as other vegetables, but they have a long history in the United States. In the Appalachian Mountains, ramps have been an important food for a longtime. During spring, it is common for small towns in the Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the community.How

31、ever, over the last 30 years, ramps popularity has grown quickly. They are now a highly-desired vegetable for many nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D C One reason the plant is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms. Most restaurants get the

32、m from foragers, who collect ramps by searching forests for some small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full growth, the plant is done for the year. This shot life is some reason for their popularity.And that popularity could lead Io their disappearanc

33、e from Earth. In 1995, the localGovernment in Quebee, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug.The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time to try a taste of ramps yourself.1. Why

34、are ramps so popular in North America?A. Because they grow in spring.B. Because they have a good taste.C. Because they are hard to get.D. Because they have a long history.2.Which of the following is the picture of a ramp?A.B.C.D.3. What does the word "they "指eeritc)(A. foragersB. rampsC. c

35、ustomersD. restaurants4. Why were people stopped from selling ramps to businesses?A. Because ramps were in great danger.B. Because ramps ' smell polluted the air.C. Because it cost too much to grow ramps.D. Because the government wanted to make money.5. What' s the best title for the text?A.

36、 Americans go crazy for ramps in spring.B. Americans have discovered a new vegetable.C. Ramps were once popular in North America.D. Ramps will soon be enjoyed all over the world.III .任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文中的信息完成文后表格。(每空一詞)The world is divided into two important parts. One half of the world is rich and the

37、 other half is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat. In the rich part, many people eat too much. In one part, children are hungry and in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercise. For example, a dog or a cat in North Ameri

38、ca eats better than a child in the poorer countries.The poor countries have some difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on. The land can get better, but people have to do a lot of things first. They should learn how to enrich their land and how to find water.But rich cou

39、ntries have problems, too. Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water. The roads and the streets are full of people and buses. Cars usually move very slowly. Noise is terrible. A lot of people do not have houses to live in. People must do somet

40、hing about these problems. We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses. But it will take a long time.Title: Two1in the worldPeople in poor countries only have a2_ food to eat.People in 3 countries eat too much.Children are hungry.Many people have to 4 weight by

41、going on diets or 5 .The air and the rivers are not7 . ThereThe land is too poor for plants to6 .is 8 traffic and many people in the roadsand the streets.People should learn how to make their land_9People should spend a long time 10 the airand find the water.and the river clean and building more hou

42、ses.IV .補(bǔ)全對(duì)話A ： Let s make fruit salad.B : OK. Do you have bananas?A ： Yes, I do. 1.?B : Three.A : How many watermelons?B : Oh, only one watermelon. And we need some cinnamon （肉桂）.A : How much cinnamon do we need?B : 2. One teaspoon.A : How many apples do we need?B : Two apples 3. And yogurt.A: 4.?B

43、 : A cup. Now 5.? Oh, do you have any oranges?A : I think so. How many oranges do we need?B : Only one.A. How much yogurt do we need?B.What else do we need?C. How many bananas do we need?D. How much salt do we need?E. Two apples should be/ are enough.F. Let ' s see.G. Half a cup of milk. ?K真題？1

44、.（安徽）, Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by enjoying the full moon and eating mooncakes.A. QuicklyB. SuddenlyC. SecretlyD. Traditionally2 .（貴州黔東南州）I remember to Beijing when I was a child.A. to takeB. takingC. to be takenD. being taken3 .（廣西來賓） The students love the teachers can make

45、their lessons fun.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. which4 .（湖北黃石）Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earth ' s surface by water.A.coversB.is coveredC.coverD.are covered5 .（廣西貴港）You should the customers some tea before meals.-But they said they couldn 't wait to eat.A. serveB. in

46、viteC. provideD. grow.K基礎(chǔ)I.單詞拼寫1.temperature2.traditional5.reason6. celebrate9.is covered10.FinallyII.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. pieces2.sandwiches5. traditional6.cut9. filled10.EnglandIII.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞3. travellers4.serves7.Remember8. to turn3. tomatoes7.mix4. travelers/travellers8.celebrates4.How much bread

47、1.where to buy 2.took out 3.cut it up 5.put; into 6.How much cheese 7.half a cup of 8.add; to9.how to plant 10.make beef noodlesIV.單項(xiàng)選擇 1. B【解析】句意：一一先生，你想買什么？ 一一我想買100張紙。我想讓我的學(xué)生們畫畫。選 B。不可數(shù)名詞需要表示數(shù)量時(shí)，可借助“數(shù)詞或冠詞 +計(jì)量名詞+ of +不可數(shù)名詞”表示。of后的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，由空格前的 100可知，表示計(jì)量的 piece應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選 BoZCE解析】句意:任何服務(wù)員或者曾經(jīng)做過服務(wù)員的

48、人都知道顧客至上?？疾槎ㄕZ從句 A.岫誰:賓 格J B wh逋什么，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句寧C, gDi隹,主格？ D, wh過哪一個(gè)指物根據(jù)本句的先行詞 是anyone,并且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，所以要用who來引導(dǎo)定語從句，因此這句話的意思是“任 何服務(wù)員或者曾經(jīng)做過服務(wù)員的人者除口道顧客至上一故答案選C.3. A【解析】句意：一一大多數(shù)人是如何慶祝端午節(jié)的？一一吃美味的粽子，觀看劃船比賽。A. celebrate慶祝；B. organize組織；C. choose選擇；D. expect期待。根據(jù)句意，可知 A選項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案選 A。4. A【解析】句意： 一一這個(gè)盒子太重了搬不動(dòng)。里

49、面有什么？一一里面裝滿了書。A裝滿；B覆蓋；C被用來；D要求。此題考查固定短語 be filled with裝滿。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選 A。5. B【解析】句意：所有的東西被白雪深深的覆蓋，外面是如此的漂亮。這里用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be covered in被覆蓋在下；be covered with被-覆蓋；be covered on可以表示范圍，也可以表示電臺(tái)的直播;act行動(dòng)；do做；serve服務(wù)； work工作,6. D【解析】句意：今天我們起床非常晚，因?yàn)槲业聂[鐘不工作。根據(jù)We got up very late today,可知我們起得晚，因此我的鬧鐘壞了，不工作了。故選 D。K能力I.完形填空

50、【文章大意】文章介紹了怎么做漢堡。1 B【解析】句意:如果你喜歡它們，讓我告訴你怎么做雞肉漢堡。A And和j B.If如果寧CSo 因此寧D But但是j根據(jù)句意故選BN C【解析】句意：如果你喜歡它們尸讓我告訴你怎么做雞肉漢堡。ffilg 1 like eating chicken hamburgers. 可知是雞肉漢堡,故選C3. D【解析】句意：需要兩片面包。A. spoons 勺； B. cup 杯子； C. piece 片； D. pieces片；因?yàn)閠wo可知用復(fù)數(shù)；根據(jù)句意故選 D4. A 【解析】句意：你也需要一勺奶油和一些小菜。 A. also也（通常放實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前面）； B

51、. too也（通常放于句末）； C. can't不能； D. don't不；故選 A5. B【解析】句意：接下來把雞肉放在一片面包上。D. to至ij;根據(jù)句意故選 B6. C 【解析】句意：添加一些小菜和奶油在生菜上。7. D 【解析】句意：把另一片面包放到上面。根據(jù)的另外一個(gè)用the other;故選DA. in 在-里； B. on 在-上； C. Into到里面;add-to把-加到-;根據(jù)句意故選 CYou need two of bread可知是兩片面包，兩個(gè)中8. A 【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在雞肉漢堡是美味的了。A. delicious 美味的；B. OK 好的； C.

52、 good 好的;D. super極好的；根據(jù)句意故選 A9. A 【解析】句意：20秒鐘后關(guān)掉烤箱，拿出你的雞肉漢堡。根據(jù) and turn on the oven.可知是關(guān)掉；故選A10. D【解析】句意：你不應(yīng)該經(jīng)常吃漢堡。A. ever曾經(jīng)； B. hardly幾乎不； C. never從不； D.often 經(jīng)常； 根據(jù) because they're not good for health.故選 D11. 閱讀理解【語篇解讀】本文介紹的是在北美春天廣受歡迎的一種野菜。文章介紹了這種野菜的生長環(huán)境、形狀、味道、 受歡迎的程度、食用歷史、面臨的問題等。1. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解

53、題。根據(jù)文中的句子One reason the plant is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficultto grow them on farms. Most restaurants get them from foragers,可知，ramps這種里予菜是很難得至U 的, 故答 案選Co2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子They are recognized（意識(shí)）by their red stem（莖）,and two long andwide green leaves.可知，這種野菜長著紅色的莖和兩片又長又寬的綠

54、葉，故答案選D。3. B 解析】代詞指代題。根據(jù)文中的句子aie a wild plant ul the eastcni mountaiiis uf North America,They are one- of the first plants that glow in 廿ic spring, usually bcnveen April and Aliy一可知，'They 號(hào)旨的 是"amp這種野菜故答案選4. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子And that popularity could lead Io their disappearance from Earth.

55、 In1995, the local Government in Quebee, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug.可知，因?yàn)楹苁軞g迎，所以這種野菜可能在地球上消失，因此魁北克政 府禁止人們向企業(yè)出售這種野菜，以防過度挖掘，故答案選Ao5. A 【解析】 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文中的句子For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps

56、.可知，本文說的是春季時(shí)，美國餐館的人們對(duì)于這種野菜的喜愛，故答案選AoIII.任務(wù)型閱讀【文章大意】我們的世界可以分成兩個(gè)部分，一部分富有，一部分貧窮，這兩個(gè)世界里，人們的生活是截 然相反的，但是他們也都有各自的問題。1. parts【解析】parts部分，是名詞part的復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)短文的大意可知，這篇短文給我們介紹的是我們的這 個(gè)世界可以分成兩部分，一部分是富有的，另一部分是貧窮的。因此這篇短文的題目就是世界的兩個(gè)部分， 故應(yīng)填partso2. little 【解析】little 少的,小的。根據(jù) In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eatT知,在貧窮的地方， 很多人沒有足夠的東西吃。因此這里應(yīng)該填little o3. rich【解析】rich富有的，形容詞。根據(jù)In the rich part, many people eat too much可知，在富有地區(qū)的人們吃 得太多。4. lose【解析】lose失去,丟失，這里lose weight意思是減肥。根據(jù)短文中in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercised知，在富有的地區(qū)，人們變得越來越胖，