中考英語(yǔ)名詞專題復(fù)習(xí)一

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載初中英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)一：名詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練直擊考點(diǎn)1.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；2.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3.近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】一、名詞的數(shù)1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。 復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞 尾-S”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(1)一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookfook s,girl girls,boy宀boys,pen pens, doctordoctors, boyfoys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh，結(jié)尾的詞 力口-es, 例如：bus buses,classclasses,box foxes,watchwatches

2、,brushbrush es。(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名 詞力口s，例如：orangeorange se。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變V”為i”再加es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries,family families。但要 注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如：boyboys, daydays。(5)以o結(jié)尾的有生命的詞多數(shù)都力口-es。例;如：hero zeroes,potatoDotato es,tomato Tomatoes,無(wú)生命的詞末尾只加-s。 例如：zoo

3、Foos,radio radios,photophotos,pianoDianos。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載（6）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es,例如：knife Tenives,leafTeaves, half halves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如 下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在ptkf等清輔音后scups, hats,cakes在sz聞等曰后izglasses, pages,oranges, buses,學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載watches,faces在bd二gv等濁輔音后zbeds, dogs, cities,knives(7) 少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式

4、， 例如：man men , woman women , toothTeeth,footTeet,child宀child ren,mouse mice。【注意】 與man和woman構(gòu)成的 合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成 詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Germans;man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù) 數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定， 女口：men worker s，womenteachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish

5、等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚(yú) 時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞 有：people, police等(補(bǔ)充：這兩個(gè) 詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就是復(fù)數(shù))。(9) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 這個(gè)名詞 一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minuteswalk, an8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(10) 還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods, ,scissors,(11) 只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:科學(xué)名詞：physics,mathe

6、matics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the Un ited States,Niagara Falls學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載其他名詞：news, falls學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of,some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money.There is some milk in the bottle.Is there any water in the glass?I dont lik

7、e winter because therestoo much snow and ice.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(2)用a piece of這類量詞短語(yǔ)作 定語(yǔ)，例如：a piece of paper一張紙a piece of wood塊木頭a piece of bread一塊面包a bottle of orange一瓶橘子汁a glass of water(milk) 一杯牛奶a cup oftea一杯茶a bag of rice一袋子米three bags of rice三袋子米學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載如果要表示“兩杯茶”、四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour

8、 pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some,any, much等來(lái)修飾。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載二、名詞所有格名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示 人或物的所 有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單 數(shù)形式是加S,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s，例女口：a students room, studentsrooms, fathers shoes。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加s，如：Childrens Day。3.在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、 價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要 用s/s例如：a twenty

9、minute s walk，20分鐘的散步ten mile s journey，10英里的旅游學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a boats length，船的長(zhǎng)度two pounds weight,體重2英鎊ten dollar s worth。價(jià)值10美元4.無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of thisterm，the capital of our country, the colorof the flowers。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載5.雙重所有格，例如：a friend of myfathers?！咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示分別有”

10、例如：Johns andMarys rooms （約翰和瑪麗各有一間， 共兩間）；Toms and Marys bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)s，則表示 共有”學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載例如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom andMarys mother（即Tom與Mary是 兄妹）。表示某人的家，店鋪，辦公室等，在詞尾加，如：at doctor在醫(yī)生的候診室里學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【實(shí)例解析】1. These_ have savedmany childrenlives.A. woman doctorsB.women doctorC. women

11、doctorsD.woman doctor答案：。該題考查的是名詞作定語(yǔ) 時(shí)的變化。woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要和被 修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.This is_ bedro om. Thetwin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載B.Anneand JaneC. Anneand JaneD.Anne and Jane 答案：。該題考查的是并列名詞的 所有格。兩人共有一個(gè)房間時(shí)，只在 后面的名詞后加s。-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chickenD. sheep答案：

12、該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.-Are there anyfarm?on the學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4.-What would you like to drink,_or oran ge?-Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea答案：。該題考查的是名詞的類別。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載三種東西中只有tea能喝。【中考演練】1. - Where have you been, Tim? -Iebeen to_ .A. the Henry houseB. the Henry familyC. The

13、 HenryhomeD. Henry學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2. In England, if_ is in the middleof the day, the evening meal is calledsupper.A. foodB. lunchC. breakfast D. dinner學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3.You looked for it twice, but youhavenfound it. Why not try_A. three times B. a third timeC. the third time D. once4.- They are thirsty. Will youple

14、ase give them_?-Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC.some bottle of waterD.some bottle of waters學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載5. Mike hurt one of his_in theaccident yesterda y.A. tooth B. feet C. handD. ear6. There is some_ on theplate.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A. cakes B. meat C. potatoD. pears7.In England, the la

15、st name is theA. family nameB. middleC. given nameD. full name學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載8.The are going to fly_ toBeijing.A. Germen B. GermanyC. Germanys D. Germans9.The_ has two_ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watchC. boy; watches D. boys; watch學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載10. The little baby has two_already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teethD. tee

16、ths11.Whatyour_ forbeing late again?A. idea B. key C. excuseD. news12, -Itdangerous here Webetter學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載go out quickl y.-But I think we should let_ go out first.A. woman and childrenB.women and childC. woman and child學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載D.women and children13.- You can see Mr. Smith ifthere is a sign _”n thedo

17、or of his shop.Thanks.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A. ENTRANCEB.BUSINESS HOURSC. THIS SIDE UP D.NOSMOKING14.Are they going to have a picnicon?A. ChildrenDayB. ChildrensDayC. Childrens Day學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載D. Children Day15. Where are the students? Arethey in_?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406C. the 406 RoomD. 406 Room學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載二.根據(jù)下列句子的情

18、景及所給漢語(yǔ) 注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. Wee got a lot of new（雜志） inour school library.2. Please turn to another_（頻道），1 donlike this show.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3. Yesterday the_ （航班）toLondon was put off because of thebad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite _（季節(jié)）5. -How many_（小刀）doyou have?Three.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載6._（電腦）arewidelyused in the moder

19、n world.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載7. June 1stis_（兒童）Day.8. Mary, would you please tell meyour new_ （地址）so that Ican write to you.9. -Does this piece of_（音樂(lè)）sound nice?學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載-Yes. Itwonderful!學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載10. May 12出is the In ter natio nal_ （護(hù)士） Day. Letsay“Thanks ” to them for their work.三.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1.Whatsyour n_ ?”Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does yourun cle have?學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3. Please close the w_ .Itcold outside.4. If you want study English well, youmust pay attention to yourP_ .5. A computer is