初中英語語法術(shù)語

1、 1 / 10 英語語法術(shù)語 語法grammar 句法syntax 詞法morphology 結(jié)構(gòu)structure 層次rank 句子sentence 從句clause 詞組phrase 詞類part of speech 單詞word 實詞notional word 虛詞structural word 單純詞simple word 派生詞derivative 詞性part of speech 名詞noun 專有名詞proper noun 可數(shù)名詞countable noun 不可數(shù)名詞uncountable noun抽象名詞abstract noun 具體名詞concret noun 2 /

2、 10 物質(zhì)名詞material noun 集體名詞collective noun個體名詞individual noun介詞preposition 連詞conjunction 動詞verb 主動詞main verb 及物動詞transitive verb不及物動詞intransitive verb系動詞link verb 助動詞auxiliary verb 情態(tài)動詞modal verb 規(guī)則動詞regular verb 不規(guī)則動詞irregular verb短語動詞phrasal verb 限定動詞finite verb 非限定動詞infinite verb使役動詞causative verb

3、感官動詞verb of senses 動態(tài)動詞event verb 靜態(tài)動詞state verb 感嘆詞exclamation 形容詞adjective 副詞adverb 方式副詞adverb of manner 程度副詞adverb of degree 時間副詞adverb of time 地點副詞adverb of place 3 / 10 修飾性副詞adjunct 連接性副詞conjunct 疑問副詞interrogative adverb 關(guān)系副詞relative adverb 代詞pronoun 人稱代詞personal pronoun 物主代詞possessive pronoun

4、反身代詞reflexive pronoun 相互代詞reciprocal pronoun 指示代詞demonstrative pronoun 疑問代詞interrogative pronoun 關(guān)系代詞relative pronoun 不定代詞indefinite pronoun 物主代詞possessive pronoun 名詞性物主代詞nominalpossessive pronoun 形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessive pronoun 冠詞article 定冠詞definite article 不定冠詞indefinite article數(shù)詞numeral 基數(shù)詞c

5、ardinal numeral序數(shù)詞ordinal numeral 分數(shù)詞fractional numeral形式form 4 / 10 單數(shù)形式singular form 復(fù)數(shù)形式plural form 限定動詞finite verb form非限定動詞non-finite verb form原形base form 從句clause 從屬句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名詞從句nominal clause定語從句attributive clause狀語從句adverbial clause賓語從句object clause 主語從句subject

6、clause 同位語從句appositive clause 時間狀語從句adverbial clause of time 地點狀語從句adverbial clause of place 方式狀語從句adverbial clause of manner 讓步狀語從句adverbial clause of concession 原因狀語從句adverbial clause of cause 結(jié)果狀語從句adverbial clause of result 目的狀語從句adverbial clause of 5 / 10 purpose 條件狀語從句adverbial clause of condi

7、tion 真實條件狀語從句adverbial clause of real condition 非真實條件狀語從句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄條件句adverbial clause of implied condition 錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence 簡單句simple sentence 陳述句declarative sentence疑問句interrogative sentence一般疑問句general question特殊疑問句special question選擇

8、疑問句alternative question附加疑問句tag question反義疑問句disjunctive question修辭疑問句rhetorical question感嘆疑問句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感嘆句exclamatory sentence 句子成分members of sentences 主語su

9、bject 謂語predicate 賓語object 雙賓語dual object 6 / 10 直接賓語direct object 間接賓語indirect object 同源賓語cognate object 表語predicative 定語attribute 同位語appositive 狀語adverbial 句法關(guān)系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate 從屬subordination 修飾modification 前置修飾pre-modification 后置修飾post-modification限制restriction 雙重限制double-rest

10、riction非限制non-restriction 數(shù)number 單數(shù)形式singular form 復(fù)數(shù)形式plural form 規(guī)則形式regular form 不規(guī)則形式irregular form格case 7 / 10 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case 賓格objective case 性gender 陽性masculine 陰性femine 中性neuter 人稱person 第一人稱first person 第二人稱second person 第三人稱third person 時態(tài)tense 過去將來時past future tense

11、 過去將來進行時past future continuous tense 過去將來完成時past future perfect tense 一般現(xiàn)在時present simple tense 一般過去時past simple tense 一般將來時future simple tense 現(xiàn)在完成時past perfect tense 8 / 10 過去完成時present perfect tense 將來完成時future perfect tense 現(xiàn)在進行時present continuous tense 過去進行時past continuous tense 將來進行時future con

12、tinuous tense 過去將來進行時past future continuous tense 現(xiàn)在完成進行時present perfect continuous tense 過去完成進行時past perfect continuous tense語態(tài)voice 主動語態(tài)active voice 被動語態(tài)passive voice 語氣mood 陳述語氣indicative mood祈使語氣imperative mood虛擬語氣subjunctive mood否定negation 否定范圍scope of negation全部否定full negation 局部否定partial nega

13、tion轉(zhuǎn)移否定shift of negation語序order 自然語序natural order 9 / 10 倒裝語序inversion 全部倒裝full inversion 部分倒裝partial inversion直接引語direct speech 間接引語indirect speech自由直接引語free direct speech自由間接引語free indirect speech一致agreement 主謂一致subject-predicate agreement 貶義derogatory 概念一致notional agreement 就近原則principle of proximity 強調(diào)emphasis 重復(fù)repetion 語音pronunciation 語調(diào)tone 升調(diào)rising to