研究生商務英語課件8

1、Unit 8 ManagementA birds-eye viewRelated-terms comparisonManagement ManagersManagement stylesFunctions of management Management vs. LeadershipManagement - all actions focused on accomplishing the tasks in an organization.Leadership - the ability to create an environment where individuals willingly a

2、pply their unique abilities to a common mission. Managers vs. LeadersManagers are people who do things right. They are concerned about how things get done. Leaders are people who do the right thing. They are concerned with what things mean to people. Managers - Stability, order, efficiency Leaders -

3、 Flexibility, innovation, adaptation“A person can be a leader without being a manager; A person can be a manager without leading.” Competence vs. CommitmentCompetence - the knowledge and skill to do the job.Commitment - the motivation, willingness, and confidence to do the job.What is management?The

4、 process of coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. -Getting things done through people. Systematic Interrelated activitiesMake people work togetherA branch of study involving peoplePerform to achieve goalsManagement is An ar

5、tA science Managers “Management is what managers do.”Lateral superiorsPeersLateral juniorsSubordinatesD/IOfficials ClientssuppliersHigher executivesmanagerRole positionTypes of managersTop MiddleMiddleFirst-lineExecutives Supervisors Managers To become a successful managerSA M O Success Ability Moti

6、vation OpportunityAbility to manageLeadershipOral communication and presentation skillsWritten communicationPlanning and organizingInformation gathering and problem analysisDecision makingDelegation and controlSelf-objectivityMotivation to manageFavorable attitude toward those in positions of author

7、ityDesire to engage in games or sports competition with peersDesire to engage in occupational or work-related competition with peersDesire to assert oneself and take chargeDesire to exercise power and authority over othersDesire to behave in a distinctive way.Opportunity to manageJob vacancies 4 per

8、sonality styles - 4 management styles The Producer is the individual that has the drive and the discipline necessary to see real results produced. Impatient, active, and always busy, the Producer has little time for idle chit-chat. Direct and to the point, typical Producers are behind-the scenes mov

9、ers and shakers. Many Producers are attracted to high-intensity departments such as Sales. They are too busy to waste time with meetings. They prefer to cut the small talk and get out there to get the job done. The Administrator ensures that rules are in place and followed, that plans are made and a

10、dhered to. Precise and accurate, the Administrator creates methods and procedures to make sure things are done right. Analytical and logical, Administrators clean up other peoples carelessness. They like to keep the organization humming at a steady pace, and are willing to do things more slowly and

11、carefully. Administrators are drawn to tasks that require systemic thinking and precision, such as Accounting. The Entrepreneur is an ideas person, always asking why? or why not? A visionary with dreams, plans and schemes, the Entrepreneur leads others to ideas that they would not pursue on their ow

12、n. Success for an Entrepreneur requires both creativity and risk. They sometimes get bored with short-term tasks, and prefer developing the long-term vision. Entrepreneurs are charismatic, and generate ideas for new projects, new approaches to problems, or even new businesses. The Integrator is peop

13、le-oriented. True Integrators value social harmony, and thrive on peacemaking and teamwork. The Integrators pleasantness is unmistakable. Amiable and empathetic, the Integrator is the first to cooperate in helping with tasks or problems. They prefer to work by consensus, instead of taking a strong p

14、osition against others. Integrators are attracted to people-oriented occupations like Human Resources. A u to c ra ticD e m o c ra tic C o n s u lta tiv e L a is s e z F a ireM a n a g e m e n t S ty le sAutocratic Management StyleAn autocratic manager dictates orders to their staff and makes decisi

15、ons without any consultation.Democratic Management StyleA democratic manager delegates authority to his/her staff, giving them responsibility to complete the task given to them (also known as empowerment)Consultative Management styleA consultative management style can be viewed as a combination of t

16、he democratic and autocratic style . The manager will ask views and opinions from their staff, allowing them to feel involved but will ultimately make the final decision. Laissez Faire Management styleA laissez faire manager sets the tasks and gives staff complete freedom to complete the task as the

17、y see fit. There is minimal involvement from the manager.Management stylesParticipatory Style Directing Style Teamwork Style Functions of managementPlanning OrganizingLeading Controlling To achieve theorganizations goalsPlanning What is planning? defining goals (ends, macro) establishing strategies

18、developing plans (means, micro)Why planning?- 4 reasons:Management By Objectives (MBO)目標管理目標管理refers to a formal set of procedures that begins with goal setting and continues through performance review.是以系統(tǒng)化的方式集合許多關鍵的管理活動，并有意識地引導人們?nèi)ビ行У?既注重效果又講究效率)實現(xiàn)組織和個人的目標的一種綜合管理系統(tǒng)。 Objectives Active involvementStr

19、ategic management 戰(zhàn)略管理戰(zhàn)略管理 Strategy formulation Strategy implementation Strategy evaluation 7-S Model: structure - strategy - system - style -staff - skills - superordinate goalsOrganizing What is organizing?-The process of creating an organizations structure according to the goals.-Managers must ma

20、tch an organizations structure to its goals.4 fundamental steps:#Division of work#Departmentalization#Hierarchy#CoordinationPower vs. AuthorityP: the ability to exert influence on other people. 權力，能力A: a form of power that we associate with organizational structure and management. 職權Leading What is

21、leading?-Involves directing, influencing, and motivating employees to perform essential tasks. #Relationships# TimeMotivation 激勵激勵-an art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it. -激勵人們?nèi)崿F(xiàn)組織的目標，是管理者的一項主要任務。to achieve goalscommitment of members of organization motivationMotivationEnergizeEncourageExhortNeed approach Rewards approachEffort approachMaslows Hierarchy of NeedsSelf-actualization esteemsocialsecurityphysiologica