landmark compass培訓(xùn)材料

1、COMputerized Planning & Analysis Survey System Landmark Graphics Corporation Drilling & Well Services COMPASS定向井、水平井計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計和測斜分析系統(tǒng)定向井、水平井計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計和測斜分析系統(tǒng) 基本概念基本概念定向井、水平井計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計和測斜分析系統(tǒng)定向井、水平井計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計和測斜分析系統(tǒng)測量系統(tǒng)參考橢球體高斯-克呂格投影常用坐標(biāo)系 設(shè)計設(shè)計 測量測量 防碰掃描防碰掃描 平臺優(yōu)選平臺優(yōu)選 創(chuàng)建創(chuàng)建/打印用戶報告打印用戶報告來源誤差Origins (來源來源)1 19

2、87 Jamiesion Technical Software- DOS COMPASS 2 1994 DRD of Tulsa - Wellpath(Directional Package)3 1995 Munro Garrett-Target(Directional Package)4 1995 Landmark-COMPASS for Windows (DOS+Wellpath+Target)測量基礎(chǔ)測量基礎(chǔ)1 Geodetic System大地測量系統(tǒng)大地測量系統(tǒng) Flat Earth UTM通用橫向墨卡托圖通用橫向墨卡托圖 GPS- 全球定位系統(tǒng)全球定位系統(tǒng) CGP- 中國高斯投影中

3、國高斯投影2 Ellipsoid參考橢球體參考橢球體 WGS19841984年世界大地測量系統(tǒng)年世界大地測量系統(tǒng) Krasovsky1940-1940年克拉索夫斯基年克拉索夫斯基3 Geomagnetic Model IGRF20002000年國際地磁參考場年國際地磁參考場 WMM95-1995年年World magnetic Model1 Local Co-ordinate2 map Co-coordinate(平面直角坐標(biāo)平面直角坐標(biāo)系，相對位置系，相對位置) Easting-橫橫(E)Y坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo) Nothing-縱縱(N)X坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)3 Global Co-coordinate(地理坐標(biāo)地

4、理坐標(biāo)系，絕對位置系，絕對位置) Latitude緯度緯度 Longitude經(jīng)度經(jīng)度4 Lease Line(租借線租借線) North/South-NS向投影向投影 East/West-EW向投影向投影參考橢球體參考橢球體Name平均 曲率半徑扁率采用國家GRS 19806,378,1376,356,752.31/298.257最新推薦最新推薦WGS 19726,3178,1356,356,750.51/298.26NASAAustralian 19656,378,1606,356,774.71/298.25AustraliaKrasovsky 19406,378,2456,356,863

5、.01/298.25USSRInternatl 19246,378,3886,356,911.91/297保留保留HAYford 19096,378,3886,356,911.91/297保留保留Clarkel 18806,378,249.16,356,514.91/293.46Africa, FranceClarkel 18666,378,206.46,356,583.81/294.98USA,PhilippinesAiry 18496,377,563.46,356,256.91/299.32BritainBessel 18416,377,397.26,356,079.01/299.13Eu

6、rope,Chile,IndonesiaEverset 18306,377,276.36,356,075.41/300.80India,Burma, Pakistan,Afghan,Thailand;etc. 高斯高斯-克呂格投影克呂格投影1 高斯投影分帶高斯投影分帶 中央子午線以經(jīng)度中央子午線以經(jīng)度6將全球分為將全球分為60個帶個帶(6投影投影)。我國采用由。我國采用由英國格林威治零子午線向東起算。我國境內(nèi)最西部屬第英國格林威治零子午線向東起算。我國境內(nèi)最西部屬第13投影帶投影帶，最東部為第，最東部為第23投影帶，全國共投影帶，全國共11個個 6帶。帶。2 高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)系高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)

7、系 高斯投影中，投影帶的中央子午線作為縱坐標(biāo)軸高斯投影中，投影帶的中央子午線作為縱坐標(biāo)軸(X軸軸)，赤道所形，赤道所形成的直線作為橫座標(biāo)軸成的直線作為橫座標(biāo)軸(Y軸軸)。投影后互相垂直，其交點即為坐標(biāo)。投影后互相垂直，其交點即為坐標(biāo)原點，構(gòu)成了統(tǒng)一的平面直角坐標(biāo)系。原點，構(gòu)成了統(tǒng)一的平面直角坐標(biāo)系。3 坐標(biāo)換算坐標(biāo)換算 地質(zhì)部門設(shè)計的坐標(biāo)屬于高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)。地質(zhì)部門設(shè)計的坐標(biāo)屬于高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)。 GPS(WGS84)與與BJZ54坐標(biāo)的換算需通過坐標(biāo)的換算需通過WGS72坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)作為過渡。作為過渡。13 23常用坐標(biāo)系常用坐標(biāo)系1 三個北極三個北極 地理北極、地磁北極、網(wǎng)格北極地理

8、北極、地磁北極、網(wǎng)格北極2 三個參數(shù)三個參數(shù) 子午線收斂角：高斯克呂格平面直角坐標(biāo)縱線與地理坐標(biāo)縱線子午線收斂角：高斯克呂格平面直角坐標(biāo)縱線與地理坐標(biāo)縱線之間的差角；之間的差角； 磁偏角：地理坐標(biāo)縱線與地磁坐標(biāo)縱線之間的夾角，當(dāng)磁北方位磁偏角：地理坐標(biāo)縱線與地磁坐標(biāo)縱線之間的夾角，當(dāng)磁北方位線在正北方位線以東時，稱為東磁偏角；在正北方位線以西稱為線在正北方位線以東時，稱為東磁偏角；在正北方位線以西稱為西磁偏角西磁偏角 地質(zhì)設(shè)計的坐標(biāo)地質(zhì)設(shè)計的坐標(biāo)(高斯克呂格坐標(biāo)高斯克呂格坐標(biāo))：井口、靶點和井底坐標(biāo)：井口、靶點和井底坐標(biāo)3 磁偏角校正磁偏角校正:真方位角磁方位角東磁偏角真方位角磁方位角東磁偏角

9、 真方位角磁方位角西磁偏角真方位角磁方位角西磁偏角 TrueNorthMagneticNorthTrueNorthMagneticNorthCompass - Sign of Magnetic Declination- MagneticDeclination+ MagneticDeclination EGrid NorthMagnetic NorthTrue NorthMagnetic Declination Grid ConvergenceNorthern HemisphereRemember method:Make True as basementLie in East is “ +”Dr

10、aw this before usingGrid, True and Magnetic North E誤差模型誤差模型(系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng))誤差模型誤差模型(系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)) 如何計算井眼軌跡的不確定性如何計算井眼軌跡的不確定性 The Error Model defines How wellpath positional uncertainty is calculated. 錐形誤差錐形誤差 Cone of Error 系統(tǒng)橢圓誤差系統(tǒng)橢圓誤差 Systematic Ellipse 矢量誤差矢量誤差 ISCWSA (井眼測量精度工業(yè)導(dǎo)向委員會井眼測量精度工業(yè)導(dǎo)向委員會)(The Industry Steer

11、ing Committee for Wellbore Survey Accuracy)錐形誤差錐形誤差 Cone of Error球體誤差隨深度變化球體誤差隨深度變化(誤差表面是個錐體誤差表面是個錐體)現(xiàn)場和試驗數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)場和試驗數(shù)據(jù)前一個球體半徑前一個球體半徑 + 井深變化量井深變化量 X 工具誤差系數(shù)工具誤差系數(shù) / 1000.工具誤差系數(shù)工具誤差系數(shù) (常數(shù)或者隨井斜的變化而變化常數(shù)或者隨井斜的變化而變化)起始誤差起始誤差=井口半徑井口半徑+井眼誤差井眼誤差 The starting error around the wellbore is the well error plus the t

12、op borehole radius (if defined).系統(tǒng)橢圓誤差系統(tǒng)橢圓誤差 Systematic Ellipse 工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)因和外因引起系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)因和外因引起 發(fā)生在同一個矢量方向上發(fā)生在同一個矢量方向上 不考慮隨機(jī)誤差不考慮隨機(jī)誤差 測斜閱讀誤差較小或者可以取消測斜閱讀誤差較小或者可以取消 There are error sources that are random, but they are assumed to be small and tend to cancel out over a number of survey readings. 某些系數(shù)和加權(quán)數(shù)

13、不適合現(xiàn)代定向測斜儀器某些系數(shù)和加權(quán)數(shù)不適合現(xiàn)代定向測斜儀器 六種誤差系數(shù)六種誤差系數(shù)_ SPE 9223， C.J.M. Wolff & J.P. de Wardt, JPT Dec. 1981不居中度不居中度 Misalignment error 工具在井眼工具在井眼/套管中心的誤差套管中心的誤差(井斜和方位井斜和方位) 相對深度誤差相對深度誤差 Relative Depth Error 鉆具長度的丈量、拉伸和測斜電纜長度誤差鉆具長度的丈量、拉伸和測斜電纜長度誤差井斜誤差井斜誤差 True Inclination Error 測斜儀重力的影響以及儀器的井斜靈敏度測斜儀重力的影響以及

14、儀器的井斜靈敏度羅盤誤差羅盤誤差 Compass Reference Error 磁性工具的干擾和準(zhǔn)性的誤差磁性工具的干擾和準(zhǔn)性的誤差陀螺參考方位誤差陀螺參考方位誤差 Gyroscope Azimuth Error 支架傾斜支架傾斜(Gimbal Drift)造成的陀螺方位偏差造成的陀螺方位偏差磁性方位誤差磁性方位誤差 Magnetic Azimuth Error 鉆具的磁性影響鉆具的磁性影響六種誤差系數(shù)六種誤差系數(shù) Six Coefficients井斜、方位誤差表格井斜、方位誤差表格 Inclination Azimuth Error Grid: 更精密的儀器更精密的儀器 (速率陀螺速率陀螺

15、)儀器廠家提供儀器廠家提供矢量誤差矢量誤差 ISCWSA 固態(tài)磁性儀器固態(tài)磁性儀器 MWD & EMS Solid State Magnetic Instruments 描述動態(tài)誤差項描述動態(tài)誤差項 Dynamic Number of Error Terms 誤差項名稱、矢量方向、與誤差項名稱、矢量方向、與誤差源的連接方式、誤差項誤差源的連接方式、誤差項單位、誤差計算公式單位、誤差計算公式_SPE 56702， H.Williamson “ Accuracy Prediction for Directional MWD四種防碰掃描方法比較四種防碰掃描方法比較三維最近距離掃描法三維最近距

16、離掃描法優(yōu)點：中心點之間的最近距離優(yōu)點：中心點之間的最近距離缺點：缺點：水平掃描法水平掃描法優(yōu)點：易于理解優(yōu)點：易于理解缺點：不能用于水平井之間；缺點：不能用于水平井之間； 無法掃描水平段和垂直段；無法掃描水平段和垂直段； 不應(yīng)用于非直井。不應(yīng)用于非直井。高邊高邊+方位角方位角 優(yōu)點：能夠區(qū)別參考井交優(yōu)點：能夠區(qū)別參考井交叉直井叉直井缺點：互成直角井眼防碰缺點：互成直角井眼防碰數(shù)據(jù)缺失數(shù)據(jù)缺失四種防碰四種防碰掃描方法掃描方法比較比較法面法法面法優(yōu)點：鉆頭處最近點優(yōu)點：鉆頭處最近點缺點：易于混淆井深相缺點：易于混淆井深相同時的距離；同時的距離； 難以區(qū)別參難以區(qū)別參考井交叉直井考井交叉直井運行環(huán)

17、境：運行環(huán)境：Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows NT推薦推薦CPU：奔騰：奔騰II 200Mhz安裝要求硬盤：安裝要求硬盤：30M系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存要求：系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存要求：64MSVGA：800600COMPASS for WindowsVersion 98.7(32 bit) 井眼軌跡設(shè)計井眼軌跡設(shè)計 常規(guī)定向井常規(guī)定向井 水平井水平井 兩維井兩維井/三維井三維井 待鉆井眼待鉆井眼 井眼軌跡優(yōu)化井眼軌跡優(yōu)化定向井設(shè)計內(nèi)容定向井設(shè)計內(nèi)容(1) 靶點限制條件、井眼軌跡靶點限制條件、井眼軌跡(2) 定向造斜方法及后續(xù)控制方法定向造斜方法及后續(xù)控制方法(3) 測斜與計算測斜與計算

18、(4) 井眼穩(wěn)定環(huán)空攜巖及井內(nèi)波動壓力井眼穩(wěn)定環(huán)空攜巖及井內(nèi)波動壓力(5) 鉆柱扭矩及阻力鉆柱扭矩及阻力定向井軌跡設(shè)計定向井軌跡設(shè)計1 剖面類型剖面類型 三段制三段制(“ J” )剖面和五段制剖面和五段制(“ S” )等等 二維定向井、三維定向井二維定向井、三維定向井2 設(shè)計原則設(shè)計原則 根據(jù)油田勘探、開發(fā)部署的要求，保證安全鉆井根據(jù)油田勘探、開發(fā)部署的要求，保證安全鉆井 要有利于提高油氣產(chǎn)量和采收率要有利于提高油氣產(chǎn)量和采收率 應(yīng)有利于鉆井、采油和修井作業(yè)應(yīng)有利于鉆井、采油和修井作業(yè) 應(yīng)盡可能選擇比較簡單的剖面類型應(yīng)盡可能選擇比較簡單的剖面類型水平井軌跡設(shè)計水平井軌跡設(shè)計1 水平井剖面類型水

19、平井剖面類型 小、中、大曲率半徑水平井小、中、大曲率半徑水平井2 水平井剖面形狀水平井剖面形狀 雙增剖面、變曲率剖面、圓弧單增剖面等雙增剖面、變曲率剖面、圓弧單增剖面等3 設(shè)計依據(jù)設(shè)計依據(jù) 鉆井目的及采用的鉆井方式鉆井目的及采用的鉆井方式 工藝裝備工藝裝備 條件及技術(shù)水平條件及技術(shù)水平 目的層的厚度、產(chǎn)狀目的層的厚度、產(chǎn)狀 設(shè)計井的基本設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計井的基本設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)水平井分類水平井分類分類 造斜率( /100ft) 半徑(ft) 長半徑 2to8 2865to716 中半徑 8to30 716to191 過渡 30to60 191to95 短半徑 60to200 95to28 分類To MDTo

20、 TVD To Inclination To DirectionDogleg / Toolface CurvesOn Line by TVD(Calc. Dogleg & Toolface)TVD, Lat & Dep(Calc. Dogleg & Toolface)Tangent to PointAlign by Inclination To MD To TVDTangent to a to PointPoint (Calc. Build & Turn)On Line by TVD(Calc. Build & Turn)Build / Turn Cur

21、ves To Azimuth To Inclination Align by InclinationOptimise trajectory design KOP Dogleg Torque/DragWellbore Planner Pickit HerePlan it HereShare it with the drilling Share it with the drilling engineerengineer井眼軌跡測量計算井眼軌跡測量計算LANDMARK井眼軌跡控制概念井眼軌跡控制概念 井眼軌跡控制井眼軌跡控制：采用合理的措施采用合理的措施(包括包括BHA、操作參數(shù)及測控系統(tǒng)等操作參數(shù)

22、及測控系統(tǒng)等), 強(qiáng)制鉆頭沿預(yù)制軌道強(qiáng)制鉆頭沿預(yù)制軌道破碎地層而鉆進(jìn)的過程。破碎地層而鉆進(jìn)的過程。 控制井眼軌跡：控制井眼軌跡：需要研制專門的井下工具和測斜系統(tǒng)需要研制專門的井下工具和測斜系統(tǒng)(硬件硬件)必須開發(fā)井眼軌跡預(yù)測和控制軟件必須開發(fā)井眼軌跡預(yù)測和控制軟件(軟件軟件)計算參數(shù)計算參數(shù)基本參數(shù)：基本參數(shù)：井深、井斜、方位井深、井斜、方位計算參數(shù)：計算參數(shù)：垂深、垂深、N和和E坐標(biāo)、水平投影長度、坐標(biāo)、水平投影長度、垂直分量、井眼曲率（狗腿嚴(yán)重度）、閉合方垂直分量、井眼曲率（狗腿嚴(yán)重度）、閉合方位、閉合距位、閉合距 井眼軌跡的測量與計算井眼軌跡的測量與計算 測斜方法測斜方法1 單點測斜單點

23、測斜:一次下井只能測一個井深的參數(shù)一次下井只能測一個井深的參數(shù)2 多點測斜儀多點測斜儀:一次下井可記錄井眼軌跡上多個井一次下井可記錄井眼軌跡上多個井深處的井眼軌跡參數(shù)深處的井眼軌跡參數(shù)3 隨鉆測斜儀隨鉆測斜儀:隨同鉆柱一同下入井內(nèi)，在鉆進(jìn)過隨同鉆柱一同下入井內(nèi)，在鉆進(jìn)過程中連續(xù)測量，并實時將測量數(shù)據(jù)傳至地面程中連續(xù)測量，并實時將測量數(shù)據(jù)傳至地面測量誤差的形成測量誤差的形成1 由于井眼軌跡的理想假設(shè)，導(dǎo)致了與真實井眼由于井眼軌跡的理想假設(shè)，導(dǎo)致了與真實井眼軌跡的偏差軌跡的偏差2 測量數(shù)據(jù)在每次測量過程中存在著不同程度的測量數(shù)據(jù)在每次測量過程中存在著不同程度的誤差，導(dǎo)致由此計算出來的井眼軌跡與實際

24、軌誤差，導(dǎo)致由此計算出來的井眼軌跡與實際軌跡不符跡不符3 由于測點間存在間距由于測點間存在間距(一般一般30m)，造成井眼軌造成井眼軌跡誤差跡誤差測量數(shù)據(jù)的處理測量數(shù)據(jù)的處理1 不確定橢圓隨著井深的增加而加大不確定橢圓隨著井深的增加而加大2 要用陀螺測量資料校正要用陀螺測量資料校正“ 不確定橢園區(qū)不確定橢園區(qū)”3 Compass提供三種誤差分析方法：提供三種誤差分析方法： Cone of Error Systematic Ellipse ISCWSAVertical Section Viewin Borehole AzimuthPlan ViewTVDEastV.SectionTVDNorth

25、VerticalLateralHighSideH.MinorMin.AziDepthLateralHighSideX Borehole Plane =Perpendicular to wellpathvector at depth of interest3 Dimensional ViewCompass Error Ellipse ReportX BoreholeX BoreholeDepth測量儀器誤差值測量儀器誤差值誤差分類誤差分類 ：1，系統(tǒng)誤差系統(tǒng)誤差 2，隨機(jī)誤差，隨機(jī)誤差 3，過失誤差，過失誤差 深度誤差深度誤差(1/1000)線性誤差線性誤差 (Degree)角度誤差角度誤差 (

26、Degree)基準(zhǔn)誤差基準(zhǔn)誤差 (Degree)鉆具磁性誤鉆具磁性誤差差 (Degree)陀螺誤差陀螺誤差(Degree)Goog Gyro0.50.030.20.1-0.5Poor Gyro2.00.20.51.0-2.5Good Mag.1.00.10.51.50.25-Poor Mag.2.00.31.01.55.0+5.0-Weighting11Sin ISin ISin I Sin A(Cos I)-1井眼軌跡計算方法井眼軌跡計算方法中國鉆井行業(yè)：中國鉆井行業(yè)：手工計算時采用平均角手工計算時采用平均角法，計算機(jī)計算時采用最小曲率法，計算機(jī)計算時采用最小曲率Compass：最小曲率法、

27、曲率半徑法、平：最小曲率法、曲率半徑法、平均角法、平衡正切法均角法、平衡正切法定向井、水平井設(shè)計圖例定向井、水平井設(shè)計圖例 叢式井叢式井 防碰掃描技術(shù)防碰掃描技術(shù)目的目的在叢式井設(shè)計和施工中，不僅要求中靶，在叢式井設(shè)計和施工中，不僅要求中靶，而且要求防止兩井交叉相碰而且要求防止兩井交叉相碰進(jìn)行鄰井距離掃描有助于兩井任一井深時進(jìn)行鄰井距離掃描有助于兩井任一井深時的相對位置，以便采取相應(yīng)的措施的相對位置，以便采取相應(yīng)的措施鄰井距離掃描方法鄰井距離掃描方法 3D最近距離掃描法最近距離掃描法 法面法法面法(Traveling Cylinder) 平面法平面法(Horizontal Plan) 高邊方位

28、角法高邊方位角法(Highside+Azimuth)常用掃描方法介紹常用掃描方法介紹最近距離掃描：最近距離掃描：可以確定參考井井眼軸線上可以確定參考井井眼軸線上任一點到比較井井眼軸線的最近距離和最近距任一點到比較井井眼軸線的最近距離和最近距離掃描圖離掃描圖法面距離掃描：法面距離掃描：可以確定參考點切線的法面可以確定參考點切線的法面與掃描點的交點，同時求出兩點間的距離及相與掃描點的交點，同時求出兩點間的距離及相對方位，進(jìn)而在極坐標(biāo)平面上畫出法面距離掃對方位，進(jìn)而在極坐標(biāo)平面上畫出法面距離掃描圖描圖掃描方法的選用掃描方法的選用1 指導(dǎo)定向井施工或確定剖面符合率時，指導(dǎo)定向井施工或確定剖面符合率時，

29、優(yōu)先使用法面距離掃描優(yōu)先使用法面距離掃描2 遇到叢式井防碰問題時，宜使用最近距遇到叢式井防碰問題時，宜使用最近距離掃描圖離掃描圖3 在要求很高的定向井在要求很高的定向井(如救援井如救援井)施工中，施工中，應(yīng)同時使用法面距離掃描圖和最近距離應(yīng)同時使用法面距離掃描圖和最近距離掃描圖掃描圖平臺優(yōu)選技術(shù)平臺優(yōu)選技術(shù) 井口排列方式井口排列方式 平臺位置平臺位置叢式井設(shè)計叢式井設(shè)計優(yōu)化叢式井設(shè)計，可以提高油田開發(fā)的綜優(yōu)化叢式井設(shè)計，可以提高油田開發(fā)的綜合效益和加快投資回收速度。合效益和加快投資回收速度。1 優(yōu)化地面井口的排列方式優(yōu)化地面井口的排列方式2 優(yōu)選平臺位置優(yōu)選平臺位置優(yōu)選地面井口排列方式優(yōu)選地面

30、井口排列方式根據(jù)每一個平臺上井?dāng)?shù)的多少選擇平臺內(nèi)根據(jù)每一個平臺上井?dāng)?shù)的多少選擇平臺內(nèi)地面井口的排列方式地面井口的排列方式1 矩形排列：適合于一個叢式井打多口井矩形排列：適合于一個叢式井打多口井2 環(huán)狀排列：適用于在陸地或淺海人工島環(huán)狀排列：適用于在陸地或淺海人工島鉆叢式井，在一個叢式井平臺上鉆幾十鉆叢式井，在一個叢式井平臺上鉆幾十口井口井優(yōu)選平臺位置優(yōu)選平臺位置根據(jù)每個平臺上各井井底位置根據(jù)每個平臺上各井井底位置(目標(biāo)點目標(biāo)點)和和地面條件等因素優(yōu)選，優(yōu)選平臺位置。地面條件等因素優(yōu)選，優(yōu)選平臺位置。優(yōu)選平臺位置可按照平臺位置的優(yōu)選原則優(yōu)選平臺位置可按照平臺位置的優(yōu)選原則進(jìn)行優(yōu)選進(jìn)行優(yōu)選用戶報告

31、用戶報告表格圖形 打印機(jī) 繪圖儀技術(shù)支持技術(shù)支持010? Start課程安排課程安排 Using On-line HelpGetting help from COMPASS Data StructureHierarchical data structure Site OptimiserBest site location to drill targets Template EditorCalculate template co-ordinates PlanningDesign shape of wellpath Survey Compute shape of wel

32、lpath Anti-collisionSeparation between wellpaths Anti-collisionCombined exercise Wall PlotsEditing profile and plan plots數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)Data StructureCompany (公司公司)Field (油田油田)Site (井場井場)Well (井井)Wellpath (井眼軌跡井眼軌跡)Plan and Survey (設(shè)計和測斜設(shè)計和測斜)COMPASS has a hierarchical data structure . . starting at the lo

33、west level.Measured DepthInclinationDirection OR for Inclination Only MD, Inclination OR for InertialTVD, N/S, E/WSurvey ObservationSurvey A Survey is a series of observations made in a section of wellbore with the same survey tool on the same tool run. Measured DepthInclinationDirection OR for Incl

34、ination Only MD, Inclination OR for InertialTVD, N/S, E/WSurvey ObservationSurvey A Survey is a series of observations made in a section of wellbore with the same survey tool on the same tool run. The Survey Tool can be Traditional (MD, Inc, Azi), Inclination Only (MD, Inc), or Inertial (TVD, N/S, E

35、/W).Measured DepthInclinationDirection OR for Inclination Only MD, Inclination OR for InertialTVD, N/S, E/WSurvey ObservationSurveyA Survey is a series of observations made in a section of wellbore with the same survey tool on the same tool run.The Survey Tool can be Traditional (MD, Inc, Azi), Incl

36、ination Only (MD, Inc), or Inertial (TVD, N/S, E/W).Each Survey Tool is assigned an Error Model for calculating Positional Uncertainty. CompanyFieldSiteWellWellpathPlan and SurveyWellpathPlans A Wellpath may have many Plans . WellpathPlans A Wellpath may have many Plans . .but only one Principal Pla

37、nWellpathPlans A Wellpath may have many Plans . .but only one Principal Plan A Wellpath may also have many SurveysSurveys A Wellpath may have many Surveys A Wellpath may have many Plans . .but only one Principal Plan A Wellpath will have a Definitive WellpathWellpathDefinitiveWellpathPlansSurveysA W

38、ellpath may have many SurveysA Wellpath may have many Plans . .but only one Principal PlanA Wellpath may have a Definitive WellpathAt the Planning Stage, The Definitive Wellpath may the Principal Plan .WellpathDefinitiveWellpathPlansSurveysWellpathDefinitiveWellpathPlansA Wellpath may have many Surv

39、eysA Wellpath may have many Plans . .but only one Principal PlanA Wellpath may have a Definitive WellpathAt the Planning Stage, The Definitive Wellpath may be the Principal Plan but while Drilling, it would be a combination of the most accurate SurveysSurveysWellpath A Wellpath will also have its ow

40、n local Magnetic Field calculated using the Geomagnetic Model defined at the Field LevelGeomagneticFieldIGRFWellpathA Wellpath will also have its own local Magnetic Field calculated using the Geomagnetic Model defined at the Field LevelThis local Field is calculated using an appropriate Date of Oper

41、ations when surveys were being recorded and the Wellpath LocationGeomagneticFieldIGRFSurvey Date: 20/04/2000Loc: 51 5 45” N 3 15 33” E CompanyFieldSiteWellWellpathPlan and SurveyWell A Well is a surface location referenced from the Site local co-ordinate system0.0 N/S0.0 E/WWell A Well is a surface

42、location referenced from the Site local coordinate system It may have one or more Wellpaths referenced to it0.0 N/S0.0 E/WWell A Well is a surface location referenced from the Site local coordinate system It may have one or more Wellpaths referenced to it If required, a Well can have a Well Referenc

43、e Point which defines a permanent point upon which vertical depths can be displayed, stored and referenced.0.0 N/S0.0 E/WWell Reference Point CompanyFieldSiteWellWellpathPlan and Survey A Site is a collection of Wells.0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSite A Site is a collection of Wells. The site centre may given map

44、or geodetic co-ordinates.0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSite0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSite A Site is a collection of Wells. The site centre may given map or geodetic co-ordinates. and an elevation above a system or Field Datum.0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSiteDrilling Targets A Site is a collection of Wells. The site centre may given map or g

45、eodetic co-ordinates. and an elevation above a system or Field Datum. The Site coordinate system can be aligned to either True North or Grid NorthN0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSiteDrilling TargetsA Site is a collection of Wells referenced by the same Local Coordinate System.The site centre may given Map or Geograp

46、hic co-ordinates.and a elevation above a System or Field Datum.The Site coordinate system can be aligned to either True North or Grid NorthSites can have drilling targets.N0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSiteDrilling TargetsNA Site is a collection of Wells referenced by the same Local Coordinate System.The site centr

47、e may given Map or Geographic co-ordinates.and a elevation above a System or Field Datum.The Site coordinate system can be aligned to either True North or Grid NorthSites can have Targetswhich can be selected by a Wellpath0.0 N/S0.0 E/WSiteDrilling TargetsNA Site is a collection of Wells referenced

48、by the same Local Coordinate System.The site centre may given Map or Geographic co-ordinates.and a elevation above a System or Field Datum.The Site coordinate system can be aligned to either True North or Grid NorthSites can have Targetswhich can be selected by a single Wellpathor selected by multip

49、le Wellpaths CompanyFieldSiteWellWellpathPlan and SurveyField A Field is a collection of Sites. Field A Field is a collection of Sites. within the same Geodetic System.Geodetic SystemField A Field is a collection of Sites. within the same Geodetic System. Sites within a Field can be independently al

50、igned to Grid North or True NorthGeodetic SystemGGTFieldA Field is a collection of Sites.within the same Geodetic System.All Sites within a Field are independently aligned to Grid North or True NorthA Field has a System Datum the name given to 0 TVD for the Field e.g. Mean Sea Level.Geodetic SystemS

51、ystem Datum e.g. MSLGTGFieldA Field is a collection of Sites.within the same Geodetic System.All Sites within a Field are independently aligned to either Grid North or True NorthA Field has a System Datum, the name given to 0 TVD for the Field Data within the Field can be referenced to the System Da

52、tumGeodetic SystemSystem Datum e.g. MSLFieldA Field is a collection of Sites.within the same Geodetic System.All Sites within a Field are independently aligned to either Grid North or True NorthA Field has a System Datum, the name given to 0 TVD for the Field Data within the Field can be referenced

53、to the System Datum, Wellpath DatumGeodetic SystemSystem Datum e.g. MSLWellpath Datum e.g. RKBFieldA Field is a collection of Sites.within the same Geodetic System.All Sites within a Field are independently aligned to either Grid North or True NorthA Field has a System Datum, the name given to 0 TVD

54、 for the Field Data within the Field can be referenced to the System Datum, Wellpath Datum or the Well Reference PointGeodetic SystemSystem Datum e.g. MSLWell Reference Point e.g. MLWellpath Datum e.g. RKBA Field is a collection of Sites.within the same Geodetic System.All Sites within a Field are a

55、ligned to either Grid North or True NorthA Field has a System Datum the name given to 0 TVD for the Field Data within the field can be referenced to the System Datum, Wellpath Datum or the Well Reference PointYou can select a Geomagnetic Model to compute magnetic declination at any location and time

56、 within the Field.FieldGeodetic SystemGeomagneticModelSystem Datum e.g. MSLWell Reference Point e.g. MLWellpath Datum e.g. RKB CompanyFieldSiteWellWellpathPlan and SurveyCompany A Company may have several Fields Companies may have different policies on . Company A Company may have one or more Fields

57、 Companies may have different policies on . .Anti-collision calculations .Anti-collisionPreferencesCompanyd dMD cos(I)Survey CalculationMethodAnti-collisionPreferences A Company may have one or more Fields Companies may have different policies on . .Anti-collision calculations . .Survey Calculation

58、methodsCompanySurvey Tool ErrorsErrors intrinsic inwellbore surveyingd dMD cos(I)Survey CalculationMethodAnti-collisionPreferencesA Company may have one or more FieldsCompanies may have different policies on . .Anti-collision calculations .Survey Calculation methods and.Survey Tool Error Parameters.

59、Survey History - The Definitive Path StoryDefinitve PathGyro 11st Hole Section CasedMWD11st Hole Section Open HoleDefinitve PathDefinitve PathGyro FS2nd Hole Section Cased - Final SurveyGyro 2MWD is the only data we have so it becomes the Definitive Path MWD replaced by a gyro survey. The gyro surve

60、y becomes the Definitive Path MWD in next open hole section tied-on to gyro to form Definitive Path 2nd Hole Section Open holeMWD2Gyro run from surface replaces all previous surveys to form the Definitive Path 大地坐標(biāo)Company,Field & Site setupV.S.OriginCoordinate OriginUTMNorth ReferencesLatitudeDepartureLat /Dep OriginLocal CrSlotVe