獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解

1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞加上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞 短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立主格成分。With（ without）的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的一 種形式。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）需詞或代詞與后而的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不泄式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。The test finished, we began our holiday.=When the test was finished, we began our holiday.4）當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，及物動(dòng)

2、詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去 分詞二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞普通格或代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不左式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短 語(yǔ)。1. 需詞（或代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前而的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.Everyone being ready, the teacher began his classThe food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞being或having been

3、在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。The weather （being） fine, we decided to go on an outing獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，一是在uThere being +名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，There being no bus, we had to walk home二是在邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞的情況下。It being Sun day, all the offices are closed 2. 名詞（或代詞）+不泄式（短語(yǔ)）不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the

4、foodMany flowers and grass to be plan ted, our newly-built school will look eve n more beautiful.3-需詞（或代詞）+過(guò)去分詞 過(guò)去分詞表示前而的需詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her headThe workers worked still harder; their living conditions greatly improved.He was listening attentively in c

5、lass, his eyes fixed on the blackboard4. 名詞（或代詞）+形容詞（短語(yǔ)）形容詞（短語(yǔ)）在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5. 名詞（或代詞）+副詞副詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中也多是說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。The meeting over, we all went homeSchool over, we all went home6. 名詞（或代詞）+介詞短語(yǔ)A robber burst i

6、nto the room, knife in handHe left the office, tears in eyes.注意：在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后 的兩個(gè)劃詞均不加任何修飾成分。但with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用：多用作狀語(yǔ)1.表示時(shí)間His homework done （= After his homework was done ）Mary decided to go shopping2 表不原因There being no bu

7、ses （=Because there were no buses ） we had to walk home3. 表示條件Weather permitting （=lf weather permits we * II go to play basketball4. 表示方式或伴隨He sat at the table, head down.I動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，I動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，I動(dòng)詞ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The manager looks worried many things to be settledThe manager looks rel

8、axed, many things settledThe man lay there, his hands trembling四、With（ without）的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成以及句法功能（一）、with / without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的兒種情況:1. with+；詞/代詞+形容詞He doesn * t like to sleep with the windows open.=He doesn t like to sleep when the windows are open.注意：在“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化 的-ing形式或e

9、d形式。With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappyWith his father well-known, the boy didn t want to study.2. with+名詞/代詞+副詞The boy was walking, with his father ahead=The boy was walking and his father was ahead3. with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)He stood at the door; with a computer in his hand=He stood at t

10、he door, and a computer was in his hand.4. with+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞With his homework done, Peter went out to play.=When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.5. with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞The girl hid her box without any one knowi ng where it was =The girl hid her box and no one knew where it wasWithout anyone

11、 noticing, he slipped through the window=When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window6. with+i詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不左式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.=The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.（二）、With （without）的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能:定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover.（立i吾）2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.=He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest