如何paraphrase英語(yǔ)句子

1、如何 paraphrase英語(yǔ)句子.doc如何 paraphrase 英語(yǔ)句子關(guān)于paraphrase這個(gè)詞：前綴para-的意思是 差不多，幾乎，相似"，phrase的意思是 表達(dá)”。顧名思義，paraphrase就是用不同的話(huà)語(yǔ)或自己的話(huà)語(yǔ)表達(dá)相同的意思。即“釋義，改述”之意。要忠實(shí)、通順地釋義句子，首先必須對(duì)原句有透徹的理解，然后把所理解的東西用自己熟悉的詞匯、句型加以確切的表達(dá)。透徹的理解和確切的表達(dá)實(shí)在不易，但應(yīng)當(dāng)是我們的理想和努力方向。只要專(zhuān)心致志，鍥而不舍，不斷提高語(yǔ)言知識(shí)水平，不斷通過(guò)實(shí)踐，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，忠實(shí)而又通順的釋義句子的目標(biāo)是可以達(dá)到的。那么，如何paraphra

2、se一個(gè)句子？下面就談?wù)劶记伞Ｒ弧⒏淖冊(cè)~序。即把句子的前后順序顛倒，根據(jù)情況，個(gè)別詞匯要做調(diào)整。例如：She continued to do her job despite her poor health.盡管她身體差，還是繼續(xù)上著班。fDespite her poor health, she continued to do her job.The chaos in the south was worsening due to ineffective policies and misuse of power. 由于 無(wú)效的政策和亂用權(quán)力，南方的混亂局面在加劇。fDue to ineffecti

3、ve policies and misuse of power, the chaos in the south was worsening.There has been a growth in the number of starving population in the last decade.在剛剛過(guò)去 的十年里，饑餓人口增加了。fIn the last decade there has been a growth in the number of starving population.Overuse of ground water would cause widespread dry

4、ness.過(guò)度禾U用地下水會(huì)造成普遍干燥。fWidespread dryness would be a result of overuse of ground water.二、轉(zhuǎn)化詞性。 詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化指的是一個(gè)詞不變化其詞形或變化其詞形，而由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類(lèi)。比如，名詞通常被轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞來(lái)使用：book n.書(shū)一 v.預(yù)定，diet n.日常飲食一v.節(jié)食，dress n.服裝一 v.給誰(shuí)穿衣服，eye n.眼睛一 v.看，注視，hand n.手一v. 遞，nurse n.護(hù)士一v.照料，taste n.味道一v.品嘗，嘗起來(lái)，solution n.解決方案一soke v.解 決，sign

5、ature n.簽字fsign v.簽字。例如：The company needs to find a solution for this problem.該公司需要找至U個(gè)解決這個(gè)難題的方案。fThe company needs to soke this problem.The poor economy has been the cause of high unemployment.不景氣的經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)致高失業(yè)率。f The poor economy has caused high unemployment.If you eat rabbit, you will find its taste li

6、ke chicken.如果你吃兔肉，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它的味道如同雞肉。fIf you eat rabbit, you will find it tastes like chicken.Fifty-four men signed the Declaration of Independence. 五十四個(gè)人簽下獨(dú)立宣言。fFifty-four men put their signatures on the Declaration of Independence.三、使用同義詞或詞組，即 詞語(yǔ)替代法”。英語(yǔ)里有很多同義詞或詞組，它們的意思相同或相似。此法是指用詞性相同的同義詞、近義詞或同義詞組對(duì)原句的某些成

7、分進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的替代，而句子意思保持不變。比如，我們可以把 "Movies can be divided into three categories."釋義為 "Movies can be divided into three types.彳艮明顯'，用 types 代替了 categories。因止匕， 就要求我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中盡可能多地掌握同義詞（組）。例如：Overuse of ground water would lead to pervasive drought.過(guò)度禾U用地下水會(huì)造成普遍干 旱。f Overuse of ground water

8、would cause widespread dryness.She continued to carry out her duty although she was in poor health.盡管她身體不好，還是 繼續(xù)履行職責(zé)。fShe continued to do her job despite her poor health.The firm has dismissed experienced staff and substituted them with young people on lower salary.公司已經(jīng)解雇了熟練工，取而代之的是薪水較低的年輕人。fThe com

9、pany has made experienced staff leave their job and replaced them with young people on lower pay.四、使用否定或反義表達(dá)。即把肯定表達(dá)變成否定表達(dá)，把否定表達(dá)變成肯定表達(dá)。比如， 我們可以把 "Rather than building a traditional memorial, the city built a park 釋義為 "The' city did not build a traditional memorial; instead it built a pa

10、rk.就把肯定形式變成了否定形式，但句意相同。例如：Shaun was disappointed, because the movie wasn' tWyood” 因?yàn)殡娪安缓每?。f Shaun wasn ' t satisfied, because the movie wasn' t very good.Japan is a large country, compared to European countries.與歐洲相比，日本是個(gè)大國(guó)。fJapan is not a small country, compared to European countries.Ge

11、ri wanted some candy, but the bowl was empty.格里想要些糖，但碗里卻是空的。f Geri wanted some candy, but there wasn' t any in the bowl.五、改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜多樣，但釋義時(shí)應(yīng)用最基本、最簡(jiǎn)明、最典型 的英語(yǔ)句子。1 .使用“There+be+主語(yǔ)”句型。例如：The number of hungry people has increased in the last decade.在過(guò)去十年中, 饑餓民眾的數(shù) 量增加了。第一步： The number of starving

12、 population has grown in the last decade.第二步： There has been a growing number of starving population in the last decade.或者: fThere has been a growth in the number of starving population in the last decade.2 .使用“It is +adj. +for +名詞/代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：It is +important/essential/necessary+for+代詞/名詞to+不定式dif

13、ficult/hard/easycommon/usual/unusualprobable/possible/impossible/likely/ unlikelyYou need the most up-to-date antivirus programs to ensure your hard drive and e-mail are not infected.你需要最新的殺毒軟件來(lái)確保硬盤(pán)和電子郵件不被病毒感染。第一步： You must have the most modern antivirus programs to make sure your hard drive and e-m

14、ail are not damage或者: fYou must have the most modern antivirus programs to protect your hard drive and e-mail.第二步： It is necessary (for you) to have the most modern antivirus programs to protect your hard drive and e-mail.The power plant would aggravate the shortage of water in the area if it was gi

15、ven permission to use up to 50,000 cubic meters of water a day.如果允許這座發(fā)電廠一天用掉五萬(wàn)立方米的 水，就會(huì)使該地區(qū)缺水現(xiàn)象更加嚴(yán)重。第一步： 一 The power plant would worsen the water shortage in the area if it was allowed to consume up to 50,000 cubic meters of water daily.第二步： It is possible for the power plant to worsen the water sho

16、rtage in the area if it was allowed to consume up to 50,000 cubic meters of water daily.3 .把從句變成短語(yǔ)并做些必要的改變。例如：Technology is now so potent and pervasive that it seems to be the main driver of social change.現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)技術(shù)有力有效，無(wú)處不在，似乎成為社會(huì)變革的主要推手。第一步： Technology is at present so powerful and widely used that i

17、t appears to be the main driving force of social change.第二步： At present, powerful and widely used technology appears to be the main driving force of social change.You need the most up-to-date antivirus programs to ensure your hard drive and e-mail are not infected.你需要最新的殺毒軟件來(lái)確保硬盤(pán)和電子郵件不被病毒感染。第一步： You

18、 must have the most modern antivirus programs to make sure your hard drive and e-mail are not damaged.fYou must have the most modern antivirus programs to protect your hard drive and e-mail.第二步： The most modern antivirus programs will protect your hard drive and e-mail.4 .使用分詞短語(yǔ)把復(fù)雜句變成簡(jiǎn)單句。1）把定語(yǔ)從句縮略成分

19、詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)。 例如：Police held back protesters who attempted to break through the barricades. 警察阻止了那些 企圖突破路障的抗議者。第一步： Police held back demonstrators who tried to break through the barriers.第二步： Police held back demonstrators trying to break through the barriers.Agricultural Land Reform Act has a major lo

20、ophole which will let investors havefarmers 'land in their possession.農(nóng)業(yè)土地改革法案有一個(gè)主要的漏洞，那就是，允許投資者獲得農(nóng) 民土地的所有權(quán)。第一步： Agricultural Land Reform Act has a major loophole that will allow investors to take ownership offarmers ' land.第二步： Agricultural Land Reform Act has a major loophole allowing inve

21、stors to take ownership of farmers ' land.2）把時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句變成分詞（短語(yǔ)） 。例如：After Tom paid for the famous painting, he discovered that it was a reproduction.湯姆在支 付了這幅名畫(huà)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)是一幅復(fù)制品。第步： After Tom bought the famous painting, he found out that it was a fake.第二步： After buying the famous painting, Tom found out th

22、at it was a fake.The doctor found an irregularity ashe was watching the patient ' s respirato畫(huà)a嚓病 人呼吸頻率時(shí)，大夫發(fā)現(xiàn)該病人心律不齊。第一步： The doctor discovered an irregularity while he was observing the patient ' s respiratory rate.第二步： The doctor discovered an irregularity while observing the patient '

23、 s respiratory rate.3）把原因狀語(yǔ)從句或兩個(gè)含有因果關(guān)系的句子變成分詞（短語(yǔ)）。例如：The owner of a petrol station could not verify the sources of the petrol. As a result, he was alleged to illegally stock up on oil.加油站的老板無(wú)法核實(shí)汽油的來(lái)源。因此，他被指控非法存儲(chǔ)石油。第一步： The petrol station owner failed to verify the petrol sources. Therefore, he was c

24、harged with illegal stockpile of oil.第二步： Failing to verify the petrol sources, the petrol station owner was charged with illegal stockpile of oil.Typhoon left, more than a thousand people with no choice but to evacuate from villages in the mountains since it dumped over one meter of torrential rain

25、 on mountainous areas. 在山區(qū)，由于臺(tái) 風(fēng)引發(fā)暴雨傾盆而下，使得一千多位村民不得不撤離村莊。第一步： Typhoon forced more than a thousand people to escape from villages in the mountains as it poured over one meter of heavy rain on mountainous areas.第二步： Pouring over one meter of heavy rain on mountainous areas, typhoon forced more than a

26、thousand people to escape from villages in the mountains.5 .改變語(yǔ)態(tài)。即把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，把被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：The ICT Ministry was assigned by the cabinet to oversee the electronic ID card bidding. 內(nèi)閣 派遣信息通信部監(jiān)督電子身份證招投標(biāo)。第一步： 一 The ICT Ministry was appointed by the government to supervise the electronicID card bidding

27、.第二步： 一 The government appointed the ICT Ministry to supervise the electronic ID card bidding.PTT and Siam Cement will fund the building of new water pipelines in the Eastern seaboard.郵電部和暹羅水泥公司將在東海岸投資建設(shè)新的輸水管道。第一步： 一 PTT and Siam Cement will finance the construction of pipelines in the Eastern seaboard.第二步： The construction of ne w water pipelines in the Eastern seaboard will be financed by PTT and Siam Cement.【即時(shí)練習(xí)】閱讀理解下面句子，并 paraphrase這些句子：1. Tha