英語湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試要點解讀

1、2015年湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試要點解讀英 語湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試大綱編寫組二一四年八月前言2015年湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試要點解讀（以下簡稱解讀）是在2014年湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試要點解讀的基礎上修訂完成的，是與2015年湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試大綱（以下簡稱考綱）配套使用的學業(yè)水平考試復習指導叢書。解讀面向全體高中學生，旨在幫助高中教師與學生理解考綱，對高中教學加以積極的影響，減輕高中學生的學業(yè)負擔，推進高中新課程，促進高中學生的全面發(fā)展和素質(zhì)教育的全面實施。解讀所要“解讀”的不只是學業(yè)水平考試的內(nèi)容和形式，更重要的是要體現(xiàn)建立這一考試制度的目的和任務回歸基礎教育的本

2、源，構建一個衡量高中教育教學質(zhì)量，促進學生全面發(fā)展的質(zhì)量評價體系。因此，解讀面向全體高中學生，特別注重各學科學習方法指導，特別注重訓練能力層級和難度的梯度分布。解讀大體上分為考試目標、知識清單、要點解讀、達標練習和綜合測試等五個板塊，各板塊的內(nèi)容依據(jù)考綱和高中教材的必修學分模塊編寫。由于各學科特點的不同，編寫體例也根據(jù)需要做了些小調(diào)整。像所有的新生事物一樣，學業(yè)水平考試作為一種新的考試制度也有一個逐步完善的過程，因此，歡迎來自各個方面，特別是高中師生的建設性的意見。當然，解讀也要聽取大家的意見與建議，才不會停下不斷完善的腳步。2015年湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試大綱專家組2014年8月目錄Mo

3、dule 1 Unit 1 School life1Module 1 Unit 2 Growing pains9Module 1 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good15Module 2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained20Module 2 Unit 2 Wish you were here27Module 2 Unit 3 Amazing people33Module 3 Unit1 The world of our senses錯誤！未定義書簽。Module 3 Unit 2 Language錯誤！未定義書簽。Module 3 U

4、nit 3 Back to the past錯誤！未定義書簽。Module 4 Unit 1 Advertising55Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting events62Module 4 Unit 3 Tomorrows world66Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others69Module 5 Unit 2 The environment78Module 5 Unit 3 Science versus nature83湖南省普通高中學業(yè)水平考試模擬試題參考答案Module 1 Unit 1 School life考試目標1. 檢測與校

5、園生活話題有關的詞匯的識記、理解和運用。2. 檢測定語從句that, which, who, whom和whose 的用法。3. 檢測與校園生活話題有關的讀寫能力。知識清單（一）重點單詞默寫1. 有樂趣的 adj. _ 2. 獲得；賺，掙得 vt. _3. 致力于，獻身 vt. _ 4. 一般的，普通的；平均的 adj._5. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 adj. _ 6. 額外的，外加的 adj. _7. 準備 n. _ 8. 滿意 n. _9. 交流；交換 n. & vt. _ 10. 經(jīng)歷，體驗 vt. _11. 畢業(yè)；畢業(yè)生 vi. & n._ 12. 捐贈 vt. _13. 通知，

6、告知 vt. _ 14. 批準，通過；贊成vt. & vi. _15. 選擇，挑選 vt. _（二）重點短語默寫1. 免費的 _2. 愛好，喜愛 _ 3. 負責，掌管 _4. 回顧，回憶 _5. 利用 _要點解讀 （一）詞匯解讀1experience n. C 經(jīng)歷，閱歷 U 經(jīng)驗 vi. & vt. 體驗；經(jīng)歷【基本構詞】experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗的【短語搭配】have experience in /of doing sth. 有做某事的經(jīng)驗 be experienced in /at doing sth. 做某事有經(jīng)驗 experienced teachers

7、有經(jīng)驗的教師【典型例句】I know from experience that he will arrive late. 我的經(jīng)驗告訴我，他會遲到的。2devote vi. & vt. 將.奉獻（給）；把.專用（于）【短語搭配】devote to 把.獻給；把.專用于 devote oneself to 致力于，獻身于；專心于【典型例句】He devoted himself to writing. 他專心寫作。He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他把一生都獻給了造福人類的事業(yè)。3satisfaction n. 滿意；

8、滿足【基本構詞】satisfy vt. 滿足（欲望）；使?jié)M意 satisfying adj.令人滿意的，令人滿足的（指事物本身的性質(zhì)）satisfied adj.感到滿意的【短語搭配】with (great) satisfaction （非常）滿意地；（很）滿足地 express ones satisfaction at / with 對表示滿意 to ones satisfaction 使某人滿意的是 be satisfied + that-clause 確信【典型例句】I am very satisfied that the steps taken today are the right

9、steps. 我確信（我們）今天采取的措施是正確的。4charge n. 負責；掌管 vt. 使承擔責任；收費 【短語搭配】in / under the charge of 由負責 have / take charge of 照顧；管理，負責 in charge of 主管 free of charge 免費地 charge sb. for sth. 因某物收某人多少錢 【典型例句】Soon he will take charge of the department. 他很快會來負責管理這個部門。The ticket is free of charge. 這票是免費的。5preparation

10、 n. 準備，預備【基本構詞】prepare vi. & vt. 準備，預備 prepared adj. 準備好的【短語搭配】make preparations for = prepare for為做準備 prepare sb. for sth. / to do sth. 某物 be prepared for 對做好準備 be prepared to do sth. 愿意做某事，樂意做某事 prepare a meal / ones lesson 準備飯 / 功課【典型例句】The secretary has prepared the president a long report.

11、秘書已為董事長準備好了一份長篇報告稿。6inform vt. 通知；告訴；報告【基本構詞】information n. 信息，資料；知識；情報；通知 informative adj. 教育性的，有益的；情報的；見聞廣博的【短語搭配】inform sb. of sth. 通知某人有關某事 rmed 隨時向.報告情況【典型例句】How do I inform them of my arrival time? 我要怎么通知他們我到達的時間呢？ （二）句型解讀Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. 他一完

12、成學業(yè)，就開始了中國之旅?！揪湫汀縊n / Upon+sth. / doing 一就【精講】Upon / On arriving home, my mother started cooking. 媽媽一到家就燒飯。Upon / On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.【拓展】On / Upon + sth. / doing 一就?？捎胊s soon as, the moment, immediately等引導的時間狀語從句來替換。例如：As soon as / The moment / Immediately he finished

13、his studies, he started travelling in China.（三）語法解讀定語從句關系代詞1who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。2whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見的男孩。3which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴his is the pen ( which ) he bought yest

14、erday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。4that 指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？5whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，表示所屬關系。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學家。達標練習（一）單項選擇1. I think this is all _ the girl stud

15、ent wants to tell you about her school life.A. who B. whom C. that D. what2. The music _ is played by the school radio club is very popular with everyone.A. what B. / C. who D. which3. Many Chinese _ have been to the UK share the same experiences.A. whoseB. whoC. whichD. / 4. The library _ books are

16、 various opens every afternoon except Sunday.A. whose B. whom C. who D. that5. Mr Owen, _ we will invite to our meeting, is a visiting professor from the USA.A. what B. which C. whomD. whose（二）雙向翻譯 請根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文章中劃線部分譯成漢語或者英語。Former student returns from ChinaDavid Holmes studied at our school from 200

17、1 to 2004. He was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. In 2004, he went to Oxford University where (1) 他對中國文化產(chǎn)生了興趣.After graduating from university, David went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak fluent Chinese. Up

18、on finishing his studies, (2) David started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students, most of whom have become his friends.(3) 兩個月前，大衛(wèi)返回到了英國. He brought ba

19、ck from China many interesting books, paintings and photos. He donated most of them to our school library. The paintings are being shown in the exhibition room.Next month we will have our school open day. (4) We have invited David to be our guest speaker. (5) He will give us a talk about his experie

20、nces in China. At the end of his speech, there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers. So come and meet David at the open day.1_2_3_4_5_Unit 2 Growing pains考試目標1. 檢測與青少年成長話題有關的詞匯的識記、理解和運用。2. 檢測定語從句介詞which, 介詞whom, when, where和why的用法。3. 檢測與青少年成長話題有關的讀寫能力。知識清單（一）重點單詞默寫1. 窗簾；幕布 n._ 2. 受驚的；害怕的 adj

21、. _3. 挨餓；餓死；使挨餓 vt. & vi. _ 4. 現(xiàn)金 n. _5. 成年人 n. _ 6. 容忍；允許 vt. _7. 行為；舉止 n. _ 8. 值得；應得 vt. _9. 使不高興；不高興的 vt. & adj._ 10. 粗魯?shù)?，無禮的 adj. _ 11. 苦干的，勤奮的 adj. _ 12. 爭吵，辯論；論點 n. _ 13. 愚蠢的 adj. _ 14. 耐心 n. _ 15. 平衡；抵消 n. _（二）重點短語默寫1. 迫不及待地做某事 _2. 應該，應當_ 3. 對苛刻，對嚴厲 _4. 既然 _ 5. 熬夜 _ 6. 混淆，弄亂_7. 好像，似乎_

22、 8. 堅持，堅持認為 _ 9. 現(xiàn)在_ 10. 與一起_要點解讀（一）詞匯解讀1frighten vi. & vt. （使）驚嚇,（使）驚恐【基本構詞】frightening adj. 令人驚恐的 / 恐怖的（常用來說明事物的特征） frightened adj. 恐懼的，害怕的，受驚的（常用來說明人的心理狀態(tài)）。類似性質(zhì)的單詞還有: worried / worrying, pleased / pleasing, excited / exciting, encouraged / encouraging, interested / interesting, satisfied / sa

23、tisfying, bored / boring, scared / scaring, surprised / surprising, frustrated / frustrating等。【典型例句】The film is very frightening. 這部影片非?？植馈he frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受驚的孩子們呼喊著找媽媽。2deserve vt. 應得，值得，應受【基本用法】deserve +名詞 / 代詞 deserve + to do（主動意義） deserve + to be done（被動意義）

24、 deserve +動名詞（主動形式表被動意義）【典型例句】Youre very talented. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，應該有一份更好的工作。 He, being so rude, deserves criticizing. 他不禮貌，應當受到批評。3insist vi. & vt. 堅持說；堅決主張，堅持要求【基本用法】insist on / upon (doing) sth. 堅持做某事 if you insist 如果你一定要堅持的話（常用于口語中，表示勉強同意）【典型例句】She insisted that he was wrong

25、. 她堅持認為他錯了。（表示“堅持說，堅決認為”時，接that從句，從句的動作多為已發(fā)生之事，用陳述語氣。）【典型例句】He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他堅持要我們接受這些禮物。（表示“堅決主張；堅持要求”時，接that從句，從句的動作為將要發(fā)生之事，用虛擬語氣，即：主語+（should）+動詞原形。）4forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止；妨礙，阻止【基本用法】 forbid sb. to do sth. = forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid d

26、oing 禁止做某事 【典型例句】The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在辦公室抽煙。（二）句型解讀But, butyou werent supposed to come home until tomorrow! 但，但是你們應該明天才到家的呀！【句型】be supposed to 【精講】（1）表示按照義務、規(guī)則、規(guī)律或約定“理應，應該”；（2）可以理解為“被認為，被看作是”?！镜湫屠洹?He is supposed to arrive before six oclock. 他應該六點之前到。（三）語法解讀定語從句中的關系詞1. 關系副詞

27、where, when和why，在定語從句中作狀語。 The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.（where在從句中作地點狀語，相當于in the mountain，從句修飾the mountain）那座有火山的山離這兒不遠。The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.（when在從句中作時間狀語，相當于in the days，構成從句修飾the days）人們滿足于簡單生活的日子一去不復返了。He gave us no rea

28、son why he took the job.（why在從句中作原因狀語，相當于for the reason，構成從句修飾reason）他沒有告訴我們他做這份工作的理由。2. 介詞 + 關系代詞which / whom當定語從句中的關系代詞作介詞的賓語時，可以將介詞提到關系代詞前，以強調(diào)介詞和關系代詞的介賓關系，介詞+ which / whom在從句中作狀語或定語。有些情況下，介詞+ which相當于where / when / why。例如：The man with whom you talked is an expert on earthquake.（with whom在從句中作狀語，修

29、飾謂語動詞talked）和你說話的人是一位地震專家。達標練習（一）單項選擇1. Spring is the season _ people grow most crops and plant trees.A. for whichB. when C. where D. on which2. American English, _ there are more borrowed words, seems simpler in spelling.A. at whichB. whyC. whenD. in which3. I know the way to the shop _ my father b

30、ought me this bicycle.A. whyB. whenC. whereD. how4. This is the hotel _ we are planning to stay during our travel in Hong Kong.A. at whichB. on whichC. from whichD. to which5. Nowadays there are some good reasons _ young people prefer shopping online. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. why（二）完形填空 閱讀下面短文。掌握其大

31、意，然后從各題所給的、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Mom and Dad went out for vacation. They had left Daniel, the 1 of the two boys, in charge. They thought the boys could get on quite well with everything at home while they were away. All went on well, 2 Spot, their dog, fell ill.Mom and Dad came back home one day earlier

32、 than 3 . They were very angry when they found garbage all over the room and Spot was starving. Mom wanted to know 4 the children handled the money, which they were 5 to use for dog food. Dad thought Daniel had failed to act like an adult, and he wouldnt like to listen to Daniels 6 . Instead, he sho

33、uted at him. He even felt like teaching Daniel a lesson because of his 7 behaviour. Daniel ran into his bedroom. He thought he was just a teenager and it wasnt his 8 . It was because Spot was sick and they had to take him to the clinic. They used the money and spent the whole day there, so they had

34、no time to clean the 9 . Mom soon realized they might be too hard on Daniel. She 10 Dad go and ask what had happened while they were on vacation.1. A. heavierB. olderC. shorterD. thinner2. A. soB. andC. orD. but3. A. expected B. spentC. askedD. needed4. A. whatB. whyC. how D. when5. A. supposedB. fo

35、rbiddenC. doubtedD. said6. A. songB. promiseC. adviceD. explanation7. A. goodB. gentleC. rudeD. great8. A. ideaB. fault C. decisionD. way9. A. clinic B. houseC. shop D. garden10. A. wishedB. orderedC. suggestedD. believedUnit 3 Looking good, feeling good考試目標1. 檢測與健康話題有關的詞匯的識記、理解和運用。2. 檢測非限定性定語從句和反意疑

36、問句的用法。3. 檢測與健康話題有關的讀寫能力。知識清單（一）重點單詞默寫1. 體形；數(shù)字；人物 n. _ 2. 慚愧的，羞愧的 adj. _3. 精力充沛的，充滿活力的 adj. _ 4. 恢復；重新獲得 vt. & vi. _5. 損害；傷害 vt. & n. _ 6. 有吸引力的，有魅力的 adj. _7. 壓力 n. _ 8. 更喜歡 vt. _9. 影響；（病毒）感染 vt. _10. 器材；設備 n. _11. 成就 n. _12. 專家 n. _13. 尷尬的，難為情的 adj. _14. 身體，（器官）系統(tǒng)；制度 n. _15. 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神貫注

37、 vt. & vi. _（二）重點短語默寫1. 鍛煉 _2. 節(jié)食 _3.（頭發(fā)等）脫落_4. 強身健體 _5. 充分利用 _ 6. 從長遠角度看 _ 7. 事實上 _要點解讀（一）詞匯解讀1contain vi. & vt. 包含，包括；能容納【基本構詞】container n. 容器【詞語辨析】include和contain的用法比較include: 指在整體中能明確界定的幾個部分，某整體包含或容納某一部分?！镜湫屠洹縏he health club includes a gym, a swimming pool, and a locker room.健身俱樂部包括體操房，

38、游泳池和更衣室。contain：指容器、空間里所有東西，側重所含的量與成分?！镜湫屠洹縏he bowl contains a variety of fruits. 碗里裝有各種水果。注：include常以including名詞代詞或名詞代詞included的形式來舉例，解釋或補充說明?！镜湫屠洹縈any women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, including my mother.= Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, my mother included. 許多婦女，包

39、括我媽媽在內(nèi)，在等著買那種布料。2prefer vt. 更喜歡【基本構詞】preference n. 偏愛，傾向；優(yōu)先權【短語搭配】prefer sth. / doing sth.寧愿，更喜歡 prefer sb. to do 愿意某人做 prefer to do 愿意做 prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 寧愿做而不愿做 【典型例句】I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜歡安靜的鄉(xiāng)村勝過喧鬧的城市。She has always pr

40、eferred making her own clothes to buying them in the shops. 她向來喜歡自己做衣服，而不到商店里去買衣服。3count vi. 認為，算作；重要 vt. 數(shù)數(shù)【短語搭配】count in 把計算在內(nèi)；包括在內(nèi)；把考慮在內(nèi)；包括 count as視為；算是；看成 count on依靠 count out點數(shù)；不把算在內(nèi)【典型例句】They are counting the books they collected. 他們正在數(shù)收集來的書。In sport what really counts is not the winning but

41、the playing. 就運動而言，重要的不是贏而是參與。4damage vt. & n. 損害，傷害【短語搭配】do damage to 對造成損害 【典型例句】The heavy rain didnt do much damage to the crops. 這次暴風雨沒有對農(nóng)作物造成很大的損失。【詞語辨析】damage, destroy, ruin的區(qū)別1) damage 指“損壞”，一般暗示損壞后價值或效益會降低，這種損壞是部分性的。例如：Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness. 由于長期生

42、病，她的心臟受到了輕度損傷。2) destroy意為“破壞，摧毀；消滅，毀滅”，指完全徹底地破壞，含有無法修復之意。例如：The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 這座房子被大火燒光了。3) ruin意為“破壞；使毀滅；破產(chǎn)”，經(jīng)常指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度?！镜湫屠洹縏he heavy rain ruined our holiday. 大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。（二）句型解讀However, your mother knows the best: nothing is more important than health.

43、 但是，你媽媽她最清楚不過：沒有什么比健康更重要?！揪湫汀縩othing（或no +名詞）+動詞（常用be）+比較級+than【精講】此句型意為“沒有比更”。這是用否定詞與比較級形式一起表最高級意義的句型。1) Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 沒有比時間更貴重的東西，但也沒有比它更受輕視的東西。2) No place is better than ones home. 沒有任何地方比得上自己的家。（三）語法解讀 定語從句定語從句的分類（1）限定性定語從句：起著界定先行詞的身份、而不至與同類人或事物混

44、淆的作用，一般不用逗號將它與主句隔開。 The one of my brothers who is in the army now used to be an art student. 我的一個在當兵的兄弟學過藝術。（定語從句界定one of my brothers的身份：有多個兄弟，這里指的是當兵的兄弟）The travellers who had already been informed of the flood stopped their journey. 那些已經(jīng)獲悉洪災的路人暫停了行程。（只有獲悉洪災的路人才終止了行程，沒有獲悉洪災的路人并沒有暫停其行程。）（2）非限定性定語從句：

45、不起界定先行詞身份的作用，因為先行詞身份已經(jīng)為讀者或聽話人所明確而不會混淆（要么由于同類只有其一個，或者上下文已經(jīng)讓讀者或聽話人明確其身份），而是起著給先行詞增加信息的作用。一般要用逗號和主句隔開。不能用that引導非限定性定語從句。My brother, who is in the army now, used to be an artist. 我兄弟學過藝術，他現(xiàn)在當兵。（只有一個兄弟）The travellers, who had already been informed of the flood, stopped their journey. 由于路人們已經(jīng)獲悉了洪災，他們都暫停了行

46、程。（所有的路人們都終止了其行程，用從句順便說明一下其原因）反意疑問句，亦可稱之為附加疑問句疑問句部分用降調(diào)表示說話人期待對方同意自己的想法或看法，有時甚至相當于感嘆句的作用；用升調(diào)則表示說話人對沒有把握的事情進行詢問。構成反意疑問句的基本法則：（1）陳述句是肯定句時，簡短的疑問句必須是否定形式；陳述句是否定句時，簡短的疑問句必須是肯定形式。同時，簡短的疑問句的人稱代詞和時態(tài)要與主句保持一致。例如：Daniel and Eric are very smart boys, arent they? 丹尼爾和埃里克是非常聰明的孩子，是吧？You dont feel so energetic, do

47、you? 你感覺精力不那么充沛，是不是？Jenny found it great fun to study Chinese, didnt she? 珍妮發(fā)覺學中文挺有趣，是不是？（2）當主句有否定代詞（如：nothing, no one, nobody, few, little, neither, none等）或者有否定副詞（如：never, hardly, seldom等）時，通常被視為否定句，所以簡短的疑問句必須是肯定形式。但是，如果句中有通過加前綴或后綴變成含有否定意思的詞（如：disagree不同意, careless粗心的, untidy不整齊的, impossible不可能的），則

48、此句不能視為否定句。例如：Few of the students can swim, can they? 沒有幾個學生會游泳，是嗎？It is impossible for humans to climb that high, isnt it? 人類不可能爬那么高，是不是？（3）當主句是祈使句時，簡短的疑問句常用will you；不過，如果主句是Lets開頭的話，那么簡短的疑問句就用shall we。例如：Remember me to your parents, will you? 代我向你父母表示問候，好嗎？Dont be late for school next time, will you? 下次上學別遲到了，好嗎？Lets keep in touch with each other in future, shall we? 我們今后相互保持聯(lián)系，好嗎？達標練習（一）單項選擇1. Henry drove his car carelessly, _ caused a traffic accident.A. thatB. whichC