超聲測距系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯-其他專業(yè)

1、附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文超聲波測距儀文件類型和數(shù)目：美國專利5442592 摘要：提出了一種超聲波測距儀來抵消的影響溫度和濕度的變化，包括測量單元和參考資料。在每一個單位，重復(fù)的一系列脈沖的產(chǎn)生，每有一個重復(fù)率，直接關(guān)系到各自之間的距離，發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)。脈沖提供應(yīng)各自的主機(jī)，和比例的反產(chǎn)出是利用確定的距離被衡量的。 出版日期： 1995年8月15日主審查員：羅保.伊恩j. 一、背景創(chuàng)造本創(chuàng)造涉及到儀器的測量距離，更特別是，這種儀器傳送超聲波兩點(diǎn)之間。 精密機(jī)床必須校準(zhǔn)。在過去，這已經(jīng)完成利用機(jī)械設(shè)備，如卡鉗，微米等。不過，使用這種裝置并不容易本身自動化技術(shù)。據(jù)了解，該兩點(diǎn)之間距離才能確定通過測

2、量傳播時間的浪潮往返那些兩點(diǎn)。這樣一個類型的波是一種超聲波，或聲，海浪。當(dāng)超聲波旅行兩點(diǎn)之間，距離兩個點(diǎn)之間可以衡量乘以過境的時間波由波速，在中期分開兩點(diǎn)。因此，這是一個對象本創(chuàng)造提供儀器利用超聲波準(zhǔn)確測量兩點(diǎn)之間距離。 當(dāng)中等兩個點(diǎn)之間的間距是被衡量的是空氣，聲速是取決于溫度和空氣相對濕度。因此，它是進(jìn)一步對象的，現(xiàn)在的創(chuàng)造，提供儀器的類型所描述的是獨(dú)立于溫度和濕度的變化。 二、綜述創(chuàng)造 前述的和額外的對象是到達(dá)了根據(jù)這些原那么的這項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造提供距離測量儀器，其中包括一個參考的單位和測量單位。參考和測量單位是相同的，每個包括一電發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)一電。間隔發(fā)射器和接收器的參考股是一個固定的參考距離，

3、而間距之間的發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)的測量單位是距離來衡量。在每一個單位，發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)是再加上由一個反應(yīng)環(huán)路導(dǎo)致發(fā)射機(jī)產(chǎn)生的聲脈沖是由接收機(jī)和轉(zhuǎn)換成一個電脈沖這是然后反應(yīng)到發(fā)射機(jī)，使重復(fù)一系列脈沖的結(jié)果。重復(fù)率脈沖是成反比關(guān)系之間的距離發(fā)射器和接收器。在每一個單位，脈沖提供一個反。由于參考的距離是眾所周知，比例反產(chǎn)出是利用，以確定所期望的距離來衡量。由于這兩方面都是相同的影響，溫度和濕度的變化，采取的比例罪狀，由此產(chǎn)生的測量變得麻木等變化。 三、簡要說明圖紙 前述將更加明顯后，讀以下的說明，在與該繪圖并在其中單一數(shù)字schematically描繪儀器興建根據(jù)這些原那么的這項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造。 四、詳細(xì)說明談到現(xiàn)在

4、的繪圖，有結(jié)果說明，測量單位和10個參考單位12個，均加上一個利用的手段14 。測量單位包括1 10電發(fā)射機(jī)16日和1電接收機(jī)18 。變送器16包括壓電材料20夾心階層之間的對電極的22日和24日。同樣，接收機(jī)18個，包括壓電材料26夾心階層之間的對電極的28日和30日。作為眾所周知，采用電場整個電極22日和24日，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，誘導(dǎo)，在壓電材料20 。如果該字段各有不同，如所申請的一個電脈沖，聲波是32所產(chǎn)生的。為進(jìn)一步眾所周知，當(dāng)聲波影響到接收器18 ，這誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力，在壓電材料26 ，導(dǎo)致一種電信號，以產(chǎn)生全國電極28日和30日。雖然壓電傳感器已說明，其他電聲裝置，可利用，例如，靜電，駐極體或電

5、磁類型。 如表所示，電極28日和30日的接收18歲以下的耦合的投入一34放大器，其輸出耦合輸入一個探測器36 。探測器36是安排提供一個信號，脈沖前38時，輸出放大器34已經(jīng)超過預(yù)定的水平。脈沖前38 ，然后產(chǎn)生一個觸發(fā)脈沖，這是提供應(yīng)脈沖發(fā)生器40 。在為了提高靈敏度，該系統(tǒng)，傳感器16和18歲以下的共振興奮。有相應(yīng)的提供了一個連續(xù)波振蕩器42提供了一個連續(xù)振蕩信號在一個固定的頻率，最好是共振頻率的傳感器16和18 。這個振蕩信號是提供應(yīng)調(diào)制器44 。要有效地激發(fā)發(fā)射機(jī)16 ，可取的做法是提供幾個周期的共振頻率信號，而不是一個單脈沖或單周期。因此，脈沖發(fā)生器40是安排，在回應(yīng)的應(yīng)用存在的一個

6、觸發(fā)脈沖，提供一個控制脈沖調(diào)制器44有一個時間的平等的時間，時間預(yù)定人數(shù)的周期振蕩信號從振蕩器42 。這個控制脈沖調(diào)制器的原因， 44個通過了“水管爆裂的周期，以激發(fā)發(fā)射機(jī)16 。 當(dāng)電力是適用于所描述的電路，有足夠的噪音在輸入到放大器34 ，其輸出觸發(fā)脈沖發(fā)生器40至造成了一片叫好聲，振蕩周期，以提供整個電極22日和24日的發(fā)射器16 。變送器16因此產(chǎn)生聲波32條，其中影響到接收器18 。接收器18 ，然后產(chǎn)生一個電脈沖，這是適用于輸入放大器的34 ，這再次觸發(fā)原因的脈沖發(fā)生器40 。這個周期重演，使重復(fù)一系列的觸發(fā)脈沖結(jié)果的輸出脈沖前38 。這脈沖列車是應(yīng)用到46個柜位，以及向脈沖發(fā)生器

7、40 。 變送器16日和接收18歲以下的間隔，除了由距離的“ D ，它是理想的衡量。傳播時間的“ T 為一聲波32往來變送器16日和接收18所給予的： = D的噸/視頻s 凡v s是聲速在空氣中之間的發(fā)射機(jī)16日和接收18 。柜臺46措施重復(fù)率觸發(fā)脈沖，這是平等的1 /湯匙因此，重復(fù)率是平等的一至中五的S /四該聲速空氣中是一個功能的溫度和濕度的空氣，內(nèi)容如下： equ1其中T是溫度， P是局部的壓力，水汽， H是該氣壓， 瓦特和一頃的比例不斷的壓力，具體的熱不斷貨量具體的熱水汽和枯燥的空氣，分別。因此，雖然重復(fù)率觸發(fā)脈沖測量非常準(zhǔn)確地反46 ，聲速的影響，溫度和濕度，使測量的距離d無法確定準(zhǔn)

8、確。 根據(jù)這些原那么的這項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造，參考單位提供的是12 。參考單位12是相同的建設(shè)為測量單位的10個，因此，包括一電發(fā)射機(jī)50個，其中包括壓電材料52夾心之間的一對電極的54和56 ，和一電接收機(jī)58 ，其中包括壓電材料60夾心階層之間的一對電極60,61,62和64 。再次，傳感器以外的其他類型壓電可以利用。變送器50和接收五十八頃間隔，除了的和固定的參考距離“博士 。電極60,61,62和64耦合到輸入的放大器66 ，其輸出是耦合的投入探測器68 。輸出探測器68是耦合的脈搏，前70產(chǎn)生觸發(fā)脈沖。觸發(fā)脈沖應(yīng)用到脈沖發(fā)生器的72個控制調(diào)制器74通過掃射從連續(xù)波振蕩器76至變送器50 。觸發(fā)脈沖

9、從脈沖前70也適用于反78 。 最好是，所有的傳感器16 ， 18 ， 50和58具有相同的共振頻率。因此，振蕩器42和76都在運(yùn)作，頻率和脈沖發(fā)電機(jī)40和第72條提供平等的輸出脈沖寬度。 在用法上，測量裝置10和參考資料股一十二頃在接近，使該聲速在這兩個單位是相同的。雖然留級率的脈沖在測量單位， 10和參考資料股十二頃每個溫度和濕度的依賴性，能證明的距離D來衡量。 其中T R是傳播時間超過距離博士在參考股12 。這種關(guān)系是獨(dú)立于雙方的溫度和濕度。 因此，產(chǎn)出的柜臺46和78所提供的投入微處理器的90個利用的手段14 。微處理器90是適當(dāng)?shù)某绦蛱峁┝艘粋€輸出是成正比的比例，產(chǎn)出的柜臺46和78

10、 ，這反過來又是成正比的重復(fù)率分別觸發(fā)脈沖列車的測量單位， 10和參考資料股12 。作為描述，這個比例是獨(dú)立的溫度和濕度，由于參考的距離，博士，是眾所周知的，提供了一個準(zhǔn)確的代表性距離四，利用手段， 14日還包括一個顯示92這是耦合和控制的微處理器，使90一個經(jīng)營者可以隨時確定的距離。 實(shí)驗(yàn)說明，當(dāng)之間的距離發(fā)射和接收傳感器是太小了，思考的聲波在傳感器的外表有一個不小的作用，降低了測量精度。因此，最好是每換一雙分開，至少由某一個最小距離，最好是約四英寸。 因此，已披露的改善儀器的測量距離，利用超聲波。而一個說明性的表達(dá)，本創(chuàng)造已披露者外，據(jù)了解，各種修改和適應(yīng)所披露的表達(dá)，將是顯而易見的那些普

11、通的技巧與藝術(shù)，這是打算把這個創(chuàng)造只限于由范圍所附的索賠。附件2：外文原文復(fù)印件Ultrasonic distance meterDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 5442592 Abstract:An ultrasonic distance meter cancels out the effects of temperature and humidity variations by including a measuring unit and a reference unit. In each of the units, a repe

12、titive series of pulses is generated, each having a repetition rate directly related to the respective distance between an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The pulse trains are provided to respective counters, and the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine

13、the distance being measured. Publication Date:08/15/1995 Primary Examiner:Lobo, Ian J.1、 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of distance and, more particularly, to such apparatus which transmits ultrasonic waves between two points. Precision machine to

14、ols must be calibrated. In the past, this has been accomplished utilizing mechanical devices such as calipers, micrometers, and the like. However, the use of such devices does not readily lend itself to automation techniques. It is known that the distance between two points can be determined by meas

15、uring the propagation time of a wave travelling between those two points. One such type of wave is an ultrasonic, or acoustic, wave. When an ultrasonic wave travels between two points, the distance between the two points can be measured by multiplying the transit time of the wave by the wave velocit

16、y in the medium separating the two points. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide apparatus utilizing ultrasonic waves to accurately measure the distance between two points. When the medium between the two points whose spacing is being measured is air, the sound velocity is de

17、pendent upon the temperature and humidity of the air. It is therefore a further object of the,present invention to provide apparatus of the type described which is independent of temperature and humidity variations. 2、 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing and additional objects are attained in acc

18、ordance with the principles of this invention by providing distance measuring apparatus which includes a reference unit and a measuring unit. The reference and measuring units are the same and each includes an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The spacing between the trans

19、mitter and the receiver of the reference unit is a fixed reference distance, whereas the spacing between the transmitter and receiver of the measuring unit is the distance to be measured. In each of the units, the transmitter and receiver are coupled by a feedback loop which causes the transmitter t

20、o generate an acoustic pulse which is received by the receiver and converted into an electrical pulse which is then fed back to the transmitter, so that a repetitive series of pulses results. The repetition rate of the pulses is inversely related to the distance between the transmitter and the recei

21、ver. In each of the units, the pulses are provided to a counter. Since the reference distance is known, the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine the desired distance to be measured. Since both counts are identically influenced by temperature and humidity variations, by taking the ra

22、tio of the counts, the resultant measurement becomes insensitive to such variations.3、 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description in conjunction with the drawing in which the single FIGURE schematically depicts apparatus const

23、ructed in accordance with the principles of this invention. 4、 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to the drawing, there is shown a measuring unit 10 and a reference unit 12, both coupled to a utilization means 14. The measuring unit 10 includes an electroacoustic transmitter 16 and an electroacousti

24、c receiver 18. The transmitter 16 includes piezoelectric material 20 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 22 and 24. Likewise, the receiver 18 includes piezoelectric material 26 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 28 and 30. As is known, by applying an electric field across the electrodes 22

25、and 24, stress is induced in the piezoelectric material 20. If the field varies, such as by the application of an electrical pulse, an acoustic wave 32 is generated. As is further known, when an acoustic wave impinges upon the receiver 18, this induces stress in the piezoelectric material 26 which c

26、auses an electrical signal to be generated across the electrodes 28 and 30. Although piezoelectric transducers have been illustrated, other electroacoustic devices may be utilized, such as, for example, electrostatic, electret or electromagnetic types. As shown, the electrodes 28 and 30 of the recei

27、ver 18 are coupled to the input of an amplifier 34, whose output is coupled to the input of a detector 36. The detector 36 is arranged to provide a signal to the pulse former 38 when the output from the amplifier 34 exceeds a predetermined level. The pulse former 38 then generates a trigger pulse wh

28、ich is provided to the pulse generator 40. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the system, the transducers 16 and 18 are resonantly excited. There is accordingly provided a continuous wave oscillator 42 which provides a continuous oscillating signal at a fixed frequency, preferably the resonant f

29、requency of the transducers 16 and 18. This oscillating signal is provided to the modulator 44. To effectively excite the transmitter 16, it is preferable to provide several cycles of the resonant frequency signal, rather than a single pulse or single cycle. Accordingly, the pulse generator 40 is ar

30、ranged, in response to the application thereto of a trigger pulse, to provide a control pulse to the modulator 44 having a time duration equal the time duration of a predetermined number of cycles of the oscillating signal from the oscillator 42. This control pulse causes the modulator 44 to pass a

31、"burst" of cycles to excite the transmitter 16. When electric power is applied to the described circuitry, there is sufficient noise at the input to the amplifier 34 that its output triggers the pulse generator 40 to cause a burst of oscillating cycles to be provided across the electrodes

32、22 and 24 of the transmitter 16. The transmitter 16 accordingly generates an acoustic wave 32 which impinges upon the receiver 18. The receiver 18 then generates an electrical pulse which is applied to the input of the amplifier 34, which again causes triggering of the pulse generator 40. This cycle

33、 repeats itself so that a repetitive series of trigger pulses results at the output of the pulse former 38. This pulse train is applied to the counter 46, as well as to the pulse generator 40. The transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are spaced apart by the distance "D" which it is desired t

34、o measure. The propagation time "t" for an acoustic wave 32 travelling between the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 is given by: t=D/V s where V s is the velocity of sound in the air between the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18. The counter 46 measures the repetition rate of the trigge

35、r pulses, which is equal to 1/t. Therefore, the repetition rate is equal to V s /D. The velocity of sound in air is a function of the temperature and humidity of the air, as follows: #EQU1# where T is the temperature, p is the partial pressure of the water vapor, H is the barometric pressure, w and

36、a are the ratio of constant pressure specific heat to constant volume specific heat for water vapor and dry air, respectively. Thus, although the repetition rate of the trigger pulses is measured very accurately by the counter 46, the sound velocity is influenced by temperature and humidity so that

37、the measured distance D cannot be determined accurately. In accordance with the principles of this invention, a reference unit 12 is provided. The reference unit 12 is of the same construction as the measuring unit 10 and therefore includes an electroacoustic transmitter 50 which includes piezoelect

38、ric material 52 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 54 and 56, and an electroacoustic receiver 58 which includes piezoelectric material 60 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 62 and 64. Again, transducers other than the piezoelectric type can be utilized. The transmitter 50 and the receiver

39、58 are spaced apart a known and fixed reference distance "D R ". The electrodes 62 and 64 are coupled to the input of the amplifier 66, whose output is coupled to the input of the detector 68. The output of the detector 68 is coupled to the pulse former 70 which generates trigger pulses. T

40、he trigger pulses are applied to the pulse generator 72 which controls the modulator 74 to pass bursts from the continuous wave oscillator 76 to the transmitter 50. The trigger pulses from the pulse former 70 are also applied to the counter 78. Preferably, all of the transducers 16, 18, 50 and 58 ha

41、ve the same resonant frequency. Therefore, the oscillators 42 and 76 both operate at that frequency and the pulse generators 40 and 72 provide equal width output pulses. In usage, the measuring unit 10 and the reference unit 12 are in close proximity so that the sound velocity in both of the units i

42、s the same. Although the repetition rates of the pulses in the measuring unit 10 and the reference unit 12 are each temperature and humidity dependent, it can be shown that the distance D to be measured is related to the reference distance D R as follows: i D=D R (1/t R )/(1/t) where t R is the propagation time over the distance D R in the reference unit 12. This relationship is independent of both temperature and humidity. Thus, the outputs of the counters 46 and 78 are provided as inputs to the microprocessor 90 in the utilization means 14. The microprocessor 90 is