英語非謂語動詞經(jīng)典教案

1、word可編輯非謂語動詞68分第 一 講：非謂語動詞一教學目的：喚起學生對非謂語概念的理解，使學生掌握判斷非謂語動詞的方法和有關詞匯的雙重用法，掌握非謂語的三種形式。 教學重點：本節(jié)教學重點是判斷非謂語動詞的方法，有關詞匯的雙重用法；動名詞的考點。教學難點：掌握什么時候用非謂語教學過程：一、考情分析 非謂語動詞在專升本中是一個重要考點，屬于每年必考容，主要考查分詞做狀語、定語和獨立主格結構，和一些動詞的固定搭配。所謂非謂語動詞是指不能作謂語的動詞(針對謂語而言)，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，但具有動詞的某些特征。它可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語、狀語和同位語。二、講課過程根底知識補充動詞的形

2、式：五種根本形式為了區(qū)別謂語與非謂語外加另外一種不定式形式原形 單三 過去式 eat eats ate (謂語動詞形式：即可以單獨作謂語)現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 不定式 eating eaten to eat 非謂語動詞形式：不能作謂語He eats an orange.(主+謂+賓)I eat an orange.(主+謂+賓)I ate an orange.(主+謂+賓)I am eating an orange.(主+謂+賓)He has eaten an orange.(主+謂+賓)An orange was eaten by him.(主+謂+賓)I am to eat an orang

3、e.(主+謂+賓)含義：不能做謂語的動詞1、什么時候用非謂語？ 一句話，有謂語，多動作，無連詞 Seen from the top of the mountain, our school looks so beautiful.2、形式：動名詞構成：動詞原形+ing 分詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞構成：動詞原形+ing 過去分詞構成：動詞原形+ed 或done； 動詞不定式 根本形式：“to+動詞原形， 有時可省去to非謂語動詞的形式如下:一般式完成時進行時不定式主動to doto have doneto be doing被動to be doneto have doneIng形式主動doing

4、having done被動being donehaving been done過去分詞被動完成done非謂語動詞的否認形式：not +不定式，not + 動名詞，not + 分詞非謂語動詞的語法功能一、動名詞主語：Reading is my hobby.賓語：I enjoy reading.表語：My hobby is reading.定語：He is in the reading room.二、現(xiàn)在分詞表語：The book is interesting.定語：It's an interesting book.狀語：He sat there, reading a newspaper.

5、賓補：I saw him standing there.三、過去分詞表語：They were excited at the news.定語：There are a few minutes left.狀語：Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.賓補：I saw him beaten by Tom.四、不定式主語：To catch the train is impossible.賓語：They need to look at a map.表語：My work is to clean the classroom.定語：I have lots o

6、f work to do.狀語：I am sorry to trouble you.賓補：He told me to close the door.考點動名詞考點一：動名詞作賓語的動詞1.admit doing sth. 成認做某事 2.advise/suggest doing sth. 建議做某事3.allow/permit doing sth. 允許做某事 4.appreciate doing sth. 感謝做某事5.avoid doing sth. 防止做某事 6.consider doing sth. 考慮做某事7.delay/put off doing

7、sth. 推遲做某事8.deny doing sth. 否認做某事9.like(enjoy)/dislike doing sth.喜歡/不喜歡做某事10.escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事11.fancy doing sth. 喜歡做某事12.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 13.forbid /prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事14.forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事 15.give up doing sth. 放棄做某事16.imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 17.keep doing

8、sth. 保持做某事18.mention doing sth. 提及做某事 19.mind doing sth. 介意做某事20.miss doing sth. 錯過做某事 21.practice doing sth. 練習做某事22.prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事23.report doing sth. 報告做某事24.risk doing sth. 冒險做某事 25.stop doing sth. 停止做某事詞組：devote to,get down to,be accustomed to confess to have trouble/di

9、fficulty (in)doing sth.例題：He enjoys _ pop music while I prefer classical music.A. listen to B. to listen C. listening D. listening to 補充知識：及物動詞：后面必須跟賓語的動詞，像buy,reach,give等。不及物動詞：1、單獨使用表達完整詞義，無需跟賓語。2、 假設跟賓語需與介詞搭配使用。Many teenagers feel no difficulty_computers. A. to learn B. learn C. in learning D. le

10、arnedThe doctor advises_ less and_more exercise. A.to eat ; to take       B.eating; to take C.eating; taking       D.to eat ;takingThe student doesn't mind_when he speaks English. A.being laughed   B.being laughed at C.to be l

11、aughed    D.laughing at考點二：在need/require/want/be worth等詞后面接動名詞主動形式表被動含義。need doing=need to be doneThe sentence needs_. A.improve     B.improving     C.improved      D.an improvement解析：考察need的用法。need doing sth. 某事需要被做。句子與改良之間是被動關系，

12、所以要用到被動。選項里面沒有被動形式，但是need的特殊用用法，可以用主動形式表被動。所以選項是B.improving。The problem is worth_.A.discussing    B.to discuss        C.discussed       D.to be discussed解析：考察be worth 的用法。be worth 后面不可以跟to do 不定式,只跟動名詞表示被動含義。problem與disc

13、uss之間明顯為被動關系，所以正確選項是A。句意：這個問題值得被討論。The garden requires_. A. watering B. being watered C. to water D. having watered答案：A解析：此題中的require“需要，與need/want同義，后接動詞ing形式表示被動。題干譯文：花園需要澆水了。應選項A. watering正確?？键c三：有些動詞后既可以接動名詞又可以跟不定式，所表示意義不一樣。不定式表示事情尚未發(fā)生，動名詞表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生。1、forget to do忘記去做某事 He forgot to invite his teac

14、her to the party. forget doing 做過某事忘記了 He forgot having reading this book.2、remember to do sth.記得去做某事 Remember to take an umbrella when you go out. remember doing sth. 記得做過某事 He remembered being taken to Shanghai when he was a child. 3. try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 He tries to make friends with all kinds p

15、eople. try doing sth. 試著做某事She tries making friends with all his classmates.4. mean to do sth.打算做某事 He means to go abroad. mean doing sth. 意味著 Giving in means giving up.5. regret to do sth.遺憾做某事 I regret to say that you are fired.regret doing sth.懊悔做了某事He regretted having told you the truth. I didn&

16、#39;t mean _ anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn't resist _ one.A.eating;trying   B.to eat;to try       C.eating;to try       D.to eat;trying解析：考察動名詞的用法。mean to do sth.打算做某事，resist doing sth.抵抗做某事 句意為：我不打算吃任何東西

17、的，但是蛋糕看起來非常好以至于我不能抵抗吃一塊。Don't forget _your lawyer this weekend.A.meeting         B.to meet      C.having met         D.met解析：考察動名詞的用法。forget to do sth.忘記去做某事forget doing s

18、th.做過某事忘記了。句意：不要忘記這周末去約見你的律師?？键c四：動名詞的邏輯主語。適用情況：當動名詞的主語與句子主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞或者名詞所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構。My mother in law insisted on cooking meat tonight.My mother in law insisted on my cooking meat tonight.I vaguely remembers_something like that.A. that he had said B. him having saidC. his saying D

19、. him to say解析：remember是及物動詞，后面跟名詞或者動名詞作賓語，如果動名詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致要用其所有格形式，即remember one's doing sth.“記得某人曾經(jīng)做過某事，根據(jù)句意可知選項C為最正確選項。句意：我依稀記得他曾經(jīng)說過那樣的話?？键c五：以下it做形式主語或形式賓語句型中，用動名詞做邏輯主語或者邏輯賓語。1、It/There is no use (no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名詞)+doing sth.It's no use crying over the spi

20、lt milk.2、It is good/nice/interesting/useless(等形容詞)+doing sth.It is good playing chess after supper.It is no use _me not worry about his injury.A. for you to tell B. your tellingC. you tell D. having told答案：B解析：此題考查固定用法。it is no use doing sth“做沒有意義。題干譯文：我們擔憂他的傷沒有用。應選項B. your telling正確。非謂語動詞68分第 一 講：

21、非謂語動詞二教學目的：讓學生掌握分詞的分類以及現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別； 讓學生掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的不同形式的區(qū)別。容分析：本節(jié)教學重點區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)學情分析：授課學生根底薄弱，詞匯缺乏，語法體系不健全，需要細致全面的講解。課時分配：非謂語共12個學時，前4個學時先講動名詞的5個考點。再用4課時講解分詞的4個考點。最后4個課時講解不定式教學過程：分詞 形式：ing 一般式表示謂語動作與分詞動作發(fā)生無先后順序 主動 ing 被動 being done表示正在進行的被動 完成式表示分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 主動 having done 被動 having been don

22、e done 表示過去已經(jīng)完成的被動分詞的否認形式 分詞的否認式，由not+分詞構成 eg. Not having heard the news, I wrote to him again. Eg. Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. 考點一：分詞作狀語五種形式分詞主語與謂語主語一致解題步驟：1. 判斷分詞與主語之間的關系 主動 被動2. 判斷分詞動作與謂語動作之前有無先后順序 主動 無先后 ing eg.Knowing his uncle would come, he b

23、egan to make some preparations. 有先后 having doneeg. Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 被動 無先后 已完成 doneeg. Seen from the sky, the earth looks like a ball. 正進行 being doneeg. Being taken good care of, the little girl recovers very quickly. 有先后 having been done eg. Having been told many times,

24、 he still can't remember her name._ the garden，the old man went to have a rest. (2022)AHaving been watered BWatering CHaving watered DBeing watered【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞分詞做狀語。題干中無連詞有逗號，考查分詞做狀語。非謂語動詞water是由主語the old man 主動發(fā)出的動作，應用現(xiàn)在分詞-ing的形式；而且澆水water的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作went之前，有明確的先后順序，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體having done 的

25、形式。應選項C正確。題干譯文：老人澆完花園后，去休息了。_, he went to spend the holiday. A. To pass the exam B. To have passed the exam C. Having passed the exam D. Passing the exam【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞分詞做狀語。題干中無連詞有逗號，考查分詞做狀語。非謂語動詞pass是與主語he 形成的是主謂關系，所以選擇現(xiàn)在分詞。有明確的先后順序，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體having done 的形式。應選項C正確。題干譯文：通過考試后，他去度假了。_ tired after

26、 a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel 【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞分詞做狀語。題干中無連詞有逗號，考查分詞做狀語。非謂語動詞feel與主語she 形成的是主謂關系，也就是主動關系，所以選擇現(xiàn)在分詞，A，C選項為被動，D不定式表將來。應選項B正確。題干譯文：辛苦工作后她感覺非常疲憊，躺床上直接睡覺了。_that there would be a storm, he changed his holiday plan. A. H

27、aving told B. Having been told C. To be told D. To tell【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞。首先由題意知，非謂語動詞與句子主語he 形成的是動賓關系，及他是“被告訴將會有暴風雨的，所以要用到被動語態(tài)。又因為非謂語與謂語動詞之間存在明顯的先后順序，所以用到現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動。題干譯文：被告知將會有一場暴風雨后，他改變了他的假期方案。注意：when，while，once，if，unless，though等詞可直接引導分詞做狀語。但是必須滿足兩個條件：1. 從句主語與主句主語一致2. 從句謂語動詞含有be動詞 Once (it is)seen,

28、it will be forgotten. After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn't run any more. Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer. While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.While watching TV,_.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell

29、D. we heard the doorbell rings【答案】C【解析】考查while引導分詞作狀語的省略。因為while后直接跟分詞，所以可知道主從句的主語是同一個?！翱措娨暤闹髡Z一定是we不可能是the doorbell，所以排數(shù)A,B。比擬C,D,考察hear的用法，hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做了某事。所以正確選項是C。Before you send the letter,_ with Bill to see if the address is right.A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked 【答案】A【解析】考查

30、祈使句。該題學生易選成C，但是要注意該題中有一個連接詞before所以是連接兩個句子，需要兩個謂語。所以正確選項是A?？键c二：分詞作定語可做后置定語也可作前置定語形式：ing being done done解題步驟：看分詞與被修飾名詞關系 主動、進行用ingeg. Do you know the boy standing at the gate 被動、進行用being doneeg. The bridge being built is very useful. 被動、完成用doneeg. Have you read the book written by Lu Xun. 注：及物動詞的過去分詞

31、作定語除表示“完成的動作外，還表被動的意義；不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示完成的動作，而不表示被動The _man crawled爬 across the forest with the_leaves on the ground. A. dying.falling B. died.fallen C. dying.fallen D. died.falling【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞作定語。該題中die與fall都屬于不及物動詞，不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示完成的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞常表示進行的動作知道，主語man，die的動作不是完成動作，所以選現(xiàn)在分詞dying,而leaves，已經(jīng)落到了地上，所

32、以選過去分詞fallen。所以正確選項是C.題干譯文：奄奄一息的那個人爬過了地面滿是落葉的樹林。The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You're welcome.A. smiling B. smiled C. waited D. to wait【答案】A【解析】考察分詞作定語。分詞修飾的是waiter且與waiter構成主動關系所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。所以正確選項是A。Have you got the _ watch？A. repairing B. repaired C. repair D. to repair【答案】B【解析】考察分詞作定語。分詞修

33、飾的是watch且與watch構成被動關系，即“表是被修，所以用過去分詞形式。所以正確選項是B。考點三：分詞作賓補形式：ing done 解題步驟：看分詞與賓語之間的關系 主動進行用現(xiàn)分ing 被動完成用過分done接分詞做賓補的動詞：1.使役動詞have、get、make只跟過去分詞2.感官動詞 五看：see，watch，look at, notice, observe 兩聽：hear，listen to 一感覺：feel3.表狀態(tài)的keep，leaveeg. The speaker raised her voice to make herself understood.eg.They fo

34、und their new bikes stolen.eg.They kept the door locked for a long time.eg. He has the little girl working every day.eg. I heard this English song sung in her room.eg. I heard the girl singing this English song in her name when I passed by.Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature_. A. taki

35、ng B. taken C. took D. take 【答案】B【解析】考查分詞做賓補。該題中your temperature與take之間是被動關系，所以要用到過去分詞。所以正確選項是C.題干譯文：打攪一下，該測量體溫了。The manager promised to keep me _ of how the project was going on2022Abe informed Binformed Cinform D. informing【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞分詞做賓語補足語。分詞做賓語的補足語，keep + 賓語 + doing/done；由于賓語me與動詞inform之間

36、的為被動關系，故應用過去分詞done。應選項B正確。題干譯文：經(jīng)理保證隨時向我告知工程是如何進展的。Today the police can watch cars _ on roads by radar.雷達A. run B. to run C. running D. to be run【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞分詞做賓語補足語。分詞做賓語的補足語，watch + 賓語 + doing/done；由于賓語cars與動詞run之間的為主動關系，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞doing。應選項C正確。題干譯文：現(xiàn)在警察能夠用雷達看車在路上行駛?？键c四：分詞獨立主格結構 含義: 由一個名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,

37、加上一個分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語結構，這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系,通常被稱為獨立主格結構。 當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結構，在句法功能上起狀語作用。 eg. Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room.名詞/主格/代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關系 eg. The girl staring at him, he didn't know what

38、to say. 名詞/主格/代詞與過去分詞之間是被動關系 eg. Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.(P95 3)A large fish is slowly swimming through the water, its tail _back and forth like the pendulum 鐘擺 of a clock. A. swings B. is swung C. is swinging D. swinging【答案】D【解析】解析：考查獨立主格結構。首先題干中無連詞有逗號，所

39、以題目中的句子是一個句子。邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，所以是獨立主格結構。前半句已經(jīng)有謂語is swimming，所以后半句應該選非謂語動詞。觀察四個選項，只有D項是非謂語動詞形式。所以正確選項是D題干譯文：一條大魚慢慢在水中游泳，它的尾巴像鐘擺一樣來回擺動。(P96 13) So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. been absent C. had been absent D. being absent【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動詞中的獨立主格結構。因為該題中沒有連接詞，又用逗號

40、分開，而且逗號后面已經(jīng)有謂語had to be put off, 所以只能處理成非謂語形式.排除了 A和C。being absent的原形是be absent(缺席)，把它放在句首時，如果是主動就變成現(xiàn)在進行時，如果是被動就變成過去分詞結構，對于這題來說是主動董事缺席，不是董事被缺席，題干譯文：如此多的董事缺席，董事會不得不推遲。_ pretty late，we decided to leave at once in order to catch the last bus. A. Being B. It being C. As is being D. It was being 【答案】B【解析

41、】考查非謂語動詞中的獨立主格結構。首先題干中沒有連詞且是用逗號連接，所以考查的是非謂語動詞。可以排除C、D.再看主句的主語是we, 而邏輯主語很明顯不是we,而是在說“天晚，所以要選用帶邏輯主語的獨立主格結構It being. 所以正確選項是B題干譯文：天太晚了，為了趕上最后一班車，我們決定馬上離開。The speech _，a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動詞中的獨立主格結構。首先題干中沒

42、有連詞且是用逗號連接，所以考查的是非謂語動詞?？梢耘懦鼴，D。又因為邏輯主語是the speech,而主句主語是a lively discussion ,所以在考查獨立主格結構。再看邏輯主語speech與非謂語動詞deliver形成的是動賓關系，及演講是“被發(fā)表，所以要用到被動。很明顯發(fā)表演講與討論之間存在著明顯的先后順序， 所以正確選項是D題干譯文：演講發(fā)表完后，一場劇烈的討論開始了。1. 不定式：考點一：1一些詞的固定搭配，直接接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞。(記住)如： attempt企圖, aim目的, afford負擔得起重點詞，offer 提供，tend 趨向于，demand要求，hop

43、e希望，long渴望，destine注定，mean意欲，打算，appear似乎，顯得，determine決定，decide決定，manage設法，arrange安排，pretend假裝，agree同意，desire愿望，swear宣誓，volunteer志愿，endeavor努力，offer提供，fail不能，plan方案，prefer喜歡，寧愿，happen碰巧，prepare準備，learn學習，regret抱歉，遺憾，hesitate猶豫，claim要求，promise承諾，允許，undertake承當，consent同意，贊同，intend/tend想要，refuse拒絕，inclin

44、e有傾向，propose提議，dare敢于, begin開始, choose選擇（2） 接不定式做賓補得一些動詞。即常構成Vsb to do sth的形式(記住)ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg, encourage, order, remind, request歷年相關真題：18. He didnt allow _in his room, actually he didnt allow his family _ at all.2022A to smoke to smoke

45、B. smoking to smoke C. to smoke smoking D. smoking smoking 【解析】選B. 此題考查動詞用法。allow為及物動詞后直接跟賓語，常用于allowed sb to do sth /allow doing sth22. You should have thanked her before you left.2012 I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so解析：答案是B?？疾榉侵^語動詞。

46、mean to do“打算做；mean doing“意味著。根據(jù)句子意思排除C和D。A項雖然符合mean to do的用法但是缺少賓語，如果句子前后賓語一致，可以同時省略謂語和賓語，所以選項B正確。本句大意：你應該在離開前感謝她。我本來打算那樣做的，但是當我離開的時候，我到處都找不到她。30. No one should blind himself_ the well-known fact.2022 A. with B. to C. for D. over【解析】考查介詞固定搭配。blind to無視，不理會,to是介詞。選項B正確。題干譯文：所有人都不應該讓自己無視眾所周知的事實?？键c三：一

47、些情態(tài)動詞：had better do , would rather do A than do B寧可而不愿, may/might as well do最好，can nothelpbut do sth不得不等句型，后接省to不定式。 記住He cannot (help) but agree with his daughter. 他不得不同意他女兒。We might as well put up here for tonight. 我們最好還是在這里過夜。25. Rather than the bus, he ran all the way home.2022A. take B. to take

48、 C. taken D. took【解析】選A。rather than do sth意思為不愿做某事。考點四： 詞組：have no choice but to do=have nothing to do but do意為：別無選擇只能干什么，即介詞前有動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do，那么接to不定式。知道36. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police.2022A. called inB. calling in C. call in D. to call in答案：D解析：此題考查非謂語

49、動詞。have no choice but to do sth.“除了做別無選擇。題干譯文：事情太嚴重了，以致于除了叫警察我別無選擇。應選項D. to call in正確?？键c四：有些動詞后一般跟帶“疑問詞 + 動詞不定式作賓語，如：consider, discuss, explain , know, show, teach, understand, wonder, ask, find out等。格式：Wh- to do sth. 知道I asked him whether to leave or to stay. 我問他要離開還是呆在這。Please tell me how to answe

50、r the question.24. No matter how hard I searched my bag, my new pen was .2022A. nowhere to find it B. nowhere to be foundC. to be found nowhere D. to be found any where【解析】選B. 此題考查不定式作定語。因為主語與find之間是被動關系所以用to be found.考點五：不定式做狀語常用于表目的、條件、結果。做結果狀語，常用的連接詞有only to,tooto,enoughto。做目的狀語的連詞有in order to,so

51、 as to(不能置于句首)知道13. He hurried to the hospital, only _his father had just died. 2022A. to tellB. to be toldC. telling D. told 答案：B解析：此題考查非謂語動詞。only to do sth.，表示意料之外的結果，她往醫(yī)院趕的時候并不知道他父親已經(jīng)去世了。he和tell之間又是被動關系。題干譯文：他匆忙的趕到醫(yī)院，結果被告知他的父親剛剛過世。應選項B. to be told正確?？键c五：不定式的邏輯主語為it的兩種表達方式：知道 Adjof sb to do sth 形容

52、人的品質(zhì)的形容詞：kind,gentle,friendly,lazy,honest,wise,impolite,mean Its Adjfor sb to do sth 形容事物的特征的：easy,difficult,hard,necessary考點六：感官動詞和使役動詞用法：知道(1) 感官動詞(feel, listen, hear , see, watch, observe)主動句后面跟動詞原形，被動句要加上to.知道，有可能出在改錯題里I saw a man enter the shop. The man was seen to enter the shop.(2) 使役動詞let,have,make的用法： LetV原形 Sth done