高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)（講）新人教版必修(共13頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講定語(yǔ)從句一、考點(diǎn)梳理。1.考查which/who(m)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，或主句中某個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。 【例】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these【答案】C?！纠?By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_can be

2、very eye-opening and rewarding. A. who B.which C.what D.that【答案】B【解析】which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示前面所提到的情況?！纠?Chan's restaurant on Baker Street,_used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B.which C.who D. where【答案】B【解析】which used to be poorly run為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中的which指代前面的Ch

3、an's restaurant。2.考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 as也可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，但不同于which的是，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，as在這些從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 【例】_I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B.After C.As D. Since【答案】C【解析】as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其意為“正如”。句意：正如我在電話中解釋的那樣，你的要求將在下次會(huì)議上予以考慮?！纠縚is

4、 often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B.When C.What D. As【答案】D【解析】引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且位于主句之前，用as引導(dǎo)。句意：總是這樣，我們已經(jīng)制定出了生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。3.考查由“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 “介詞十關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞主要是which或whom，不能是that;其中的介詞則要根據(jù)句子中的相關(guān)搭配來(lái)確定。 【例】 He was educated at the local high school, _he went on to Beijing Universit

5、y. A. after which B.after that C.in which D.in that【答案】A4.考查由.of which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句這類結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示所屬關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或整體與部分的關(guān)系。 (1) It is reported that two schools,_are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. they both B.which both C.both of them D. both of which【答案】D【解析】both of which are being built in my hom

6、etown為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中的which指代前面的two schools。 (2) We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy. A. that B.which C.what D. whom【答案】D【解析】由于先行詞為so many people，故關(guān)系代詞只能用whom，而不能用其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。其中的of表示整體與部分的關(guān)系，most of whom意為“他們當(dāng)中的大多數(shù)”。5.考查由where，when，why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞where，when，why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

7、，它們分別在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。 【例】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_sight matters more than hearing A. when B.whose C.which D. where【答案】D【解析】where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞an activity。句意為：那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過(guò)讓人聽的活動(dòng)。此處where相對(duì)于in which?！纠縏he book was written in 1946, _the education s

8、ystem has witnessed great changes. A. when B.during which C.since then D. since when【答案】D6.考查whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句此時(shí)要注意三點(diǎn)：(1) whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成“whose+名詞”；(2) whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物；(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指物時(shí)，可用of which代替whose，但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which。【例】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was str

9、uck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. A. that B.whose C.those D. what【答案】B【解析】whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，表示所屬關(guān)系。此處whose effects指the floods effects.句意：上個(gè)月亞洲的東南部受到洪水的襲擊，現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)匀辉馐芷淇唷！纠?George Orwell, _was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B.what his real name

10、 C. his real name D. whose real name【答案】D【解析】whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，表示所屬關(guān)系。此處whose real name指George Orwells real name.7.考查分隔式定語(yǔ)從句 即所考查的定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間插有其他修飾語(yǔ)。做題時(shí)應(yīng)撇開其中的修飾語(yǔ)，直接將先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 【例】The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B.that C.when D. where【答案】C

11、【解析】先行詞是the hours，back to me是插入先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的干擾成分?！纠?It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B.while C.which D.when【答案】D【解析】定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是an exciting moment。其在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when。8.考查關(guān)系詞省略的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 能被省略的關(guān)系代詞主要是用作賓語(yǔ)的that，w

12、hich，whom，who等，且只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。另外，the way后接定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)，也可省略關(guān)系代詞。 【例】-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else_,is there? A. who to turn to . B.she can tum to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn【答案】B【例】 What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it. A. the way B. in the way tha

13、t C. in the way D. the way which【答案】A【解析】考查the way后接定語(yǔ)從句的用法。the way后接定語(yǔ)從句有三種用法：用in which引導(dǎo)；用that引導(dǎo)；省略關(guān)系詞。此題屬于第三種用法。9.考查定語(yǔ)從句與其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)的綜合運(yùn)用【例】 He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B.are C.have been D. has been【答案】D【解析】此題形式上好像只是考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，實(shí)際上關(guān)鍵是確定先行詞。代詞on

14、e前是否有定冠詞決定定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但此處the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，所以定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。而且句中因?yàn)橛袪钫Z(yǔ)for three years，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以綜合判斷后答案是D?！纠?Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure. A. that

15、B.one C.it D. what【答案】B二、要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why。一、關(guān)系詞的基本用法who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)that 指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞as 指人、物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)wher

16、e 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have never heard such

17、 stories as he tells.（6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必須用“that”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等時(shí)。He did eve

18、rything that he could to help us.2、先行詞被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修飾時(shí)。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.4、當(dāng)先行時(shí)前有such 或

19、the same修飾時(shí)，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時(shí)。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一個(gè)句子里，若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用了which， 另一個(gè)宜用that.Edison built up a fa

20、ctory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。（只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時(shí)，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作為關(guān)系副詞，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that時(shí)情況1、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從

21、句時(shí)：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行詞本身是that時(shí)：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用作表語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職

22、業(yè)或是有某種特性、品質(zhì)或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。關(guān)系代as：在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常采用省略形式。I have the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、關(guān)系代詞的省略情況1、關(guān)系代在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Have you received the boo

23、k (that) I sent you last week?2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而這個(gè)介詞又在句末時(shí)。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：關(guān)系代詞的省略是指在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。五、帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句1、固定詞組，介詞置于后，關(guān)系代詞使用靈活。This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after

24、.2、非固定詞組，介詞位置靈活，關(guān)系代詞使用嚴(yán)格。The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.3、介詞詞組（關(guān)系代詞遠(yuǎn)離先行詞）In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.We arrived at a hill, on top o

25、f which stood a tower.4、代詞/數(shù)詞+of +關(guān)系代詞He has written many books, most of which are for children.We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.5、介詞+關(guān)系代詞+代詞/數(shù)詞：He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.6、介詞+whose 修飾后面的名詞：He is the very man in whose pock

26、et I found my lost money.六、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制確定作用。如果沒(méi)有它，主句的意思就不完整，這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，在口語(yǔ)中前后沒(méi)有停頓。He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞起描述或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，省略后也不影響全句的意思，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾名詞、代詞、短語(yǔ)、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開，朗

27、讀時(shí)前后有停頓。I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow.七、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與which 的區(qū)別1、用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，as 和which 可以換用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at

28、 English.The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.3、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)時(shí)，常用as 作主語(yǔ)。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as:as has been said aboveas anybody can seeas we had expectedas (it) appe

29、arsThings are not always as they appear.5、which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代主句中的一個(gè)詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句的謂語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)，有的還帶賓語(yǔ)

30、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。After that things improved, which astonished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.八、定語(yǔ)從句運(yùn)用中的注意點(diǎn)1、是用the one還是用that ,

31、 which, where.（1）Is this school _ you study in?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語(yǔ)。若缺表語(yǔ)，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語(yǔ)，則

32、必須用the one where，若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用the one (that/ which)2、是用when還是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together.（2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用when, 若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用that/ which.3、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he

33、 was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受影響，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則為定語(yǔ)從句。4、定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別（1）定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是看有無(wú)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語(yǔ)從句，試比較：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bu

34、s stop where / at which I met you.（2）定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是看從句的邊接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語(yǔ)從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時(shí)，則為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。試比較：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語(yǔ)從句，不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的則是同位語(yǔ)從句。試比較：The news that he had been

35、back surprised us all. The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.5、way 后面的定語(yǔ)從句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.【即時(shí)鞏固】1The results of the experiment proved to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. which            B. what         C. that