有機化學中英文對照表

1、有機化學中英文對照表 有機化學可以直接下載 WORD 版本 英文名 漢文名Angular methyl group 角甲基 Alkylidene group 亞烷基 Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型 的Phenyl group苯基Aryl group芳基Benzyl group芐基Benzylic芐型 的Activating group 活化基團 Chromophore 生色團 Auxochrome 助色團Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向異性基團Smally ring 小環(huán)Common ring普通環(huán)Medium rimg中環(huán)Large ri

2、ng 大環(huán)Bridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系Spiro compound螺環(huán)化合物Helical molecule螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面體化合物Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系Acyl cation Benzylic cation Arenirm ion Ketyl radical Radical ion Radical cation Radical anion Isomerism Aci form循變結(jié)構(gòu) 立體化學 光學活性 右旋異構(gòu)體 左旋異構(gòu)體?；?正離子 芐基正離子 芳 基正離子 羰自由基 自由基離子

3、 自由基正離子 自由基負離子 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象 酸式Fluxional structure Stereochemistry Optical activity Dextro isomer Laevo isomerTetrahedral configuration 四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu) 現(xiàn)象 Asymmetric atom 不對稱原子Asymmetric carbon 不對稱碳 Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不對稱碳Phantom atomHomotopicHeterotopic EnantiotopicDiastereotopic Configuratio

4、n虛擬原子等位 的異位的對映異位 的非對映異位 的構(gòu)型絕對構(gòu)型Absolute configurationChirality 手性Chiral手性 的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral非手性 的 Fischer projection 費歇爾投影式 Neoman projection 紐曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名體系 R-S syytem of nomenclatureR -S 命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence順序規(guī)則Symmetry factor對稱因素Plan

5、e of symmetry 對稱面 Mirror symmetry鏡面對稱Enantiomer對映 異構(gòu) 體Diastereomer非對映 異構(gòu) 體Epimer 差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基 差向 異構(gòu)體Erythro configuration 赤型構(gòu)型 Erythro isomer赤型異構(gòu)體Threo configuration蘇型構(gòu)型Threo isomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism順反異構(gòu)E isomerE 異構(gòu)體Z isomerZ 異構(gòu)體Endo isomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exo isomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality前手

6、性Pro-R group前 R 基團Pro-S proup前 S 基團Re faceRe 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物外消旋化合物外消旋固體溶液Racemic compoundRacemic solid solutionMeso compound Quasi recemate Conformation Conformational Torsion angle內(nèi)消旋化合物 準外消旋體 構(gòu)象構(gòu)象分析扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer 旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anti conformation反式構(gòu)象Bisecting conformation 等分構(gòu)象 Anti periplanar

7、 conformation反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanar conformation順疊構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation反錯構(gòu)象Synclinal conformation順錯構(gòu)象鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Eclipsed conformation重疊構(gòu)象Gauche conformation, skew con-formationStaggered conformation對位交叉構(gòu)象Steric effect空間效應Steric hindrance位阻Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckered ring折疊環(huán)Conformational inversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chair con

8、formation椅型構(gòu)象Boat conformation船型構(gòu)象Twist conformation扭型構(gòu)象Skew boat conformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chair conformation半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation 假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelope conformation信封 型 構(gòu)象Axial bond直立 鍵Equatorial bond平 伏 鍵Cisoid conformation順向構(gòu)象Transoid conformation反向構(gòu)象Retention of configuration構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospeci

9、ficity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer 構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformational effect構(gòu)象效應Cram' s rube克拉姆規(guī)則Prelog ' rule 普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemical orientation立體 化學 取向Conformational transmission 構(gòu)象傳遞 Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position Meta position Para position Amphi position Peri posi

10、tion鄰位間位對位遠位近位Trigonal hybridization三角雜化Molecular orbiral method 分子軌道法 Valence bond method價鍵法Delocalezed bond離域鍵Cross conjugation交叉共軛Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect中介效應Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效應Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalent hyperconjugation 等價超共軛No-bond resonance無鍵共振AromaticityAromatic sexter芳香性芳香六隅

11、Huckel ' rule休克爾規(guī)則Paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán)電流 Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁環(huán)電流HomoaromaticityAntiaromaticity同芳香性反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烴Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction周環(huán)反應Electrocyclic rearrangement電環(huán) 化重排Conrotatory順旋Disroatatory對旋Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Symmetry forbidden-reacti

12、on 對稱禁阻反應Synfacial reaction同面反應Antarafacial reaction 異面反應Mobius system默比烏斯體系Leois structure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共價鍵Banana bond香蕉鍵Pauling electronegativity scale 鮑林電負性標度Polarizability可極化性Inductive effect誘導效應Field effect場效應Electrical effect電場效應tautomerism互變異構(gòu)Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enol ta

13、utomerism Phenol-keto tautomerism Imine-enamine atutomerism Ring-chain tautomerism Valence tautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)酚-酮互變異構(gòu)亞胺 -烯胺互變異構(gòu)環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)價互變異構(gòu)Ambident兩可 的 Solvent effect溶劑效應Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶劑Basic solvent堿性溶劑Dielectric constant 介電常數(shù)Solvated electron溶劑化電子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿催化反

14、應Conjugate base 共軛酸Conjugate base 共軛堿Therm odynamic acidity 熱力學酸度Kinetic acidity 動力學酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplexHost 主體電子給 體 受體絡合物Guest 客體Primary isotope effectSecondary isotope effect一級同位素效應 二級同位數(shù)效應 逆同位素效應Kinetic control動力學控制Thermodynamic controlSubstrate 底物熱力學控制Intermediate中間體Inver

15、se isotope effectTautomerization互變異構(gòu)化活潑中間體微觀可逆性哈蒙德假說線性自由能非鍵相互作用Reactive intermediate Microscopic reversibility Hammond postulate Linear free energy Non-bonded interactionTorsional effect 扭轉(zhuǎn)效應Pitzer strain 皮策張力Restricted rotation 阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsing effect重疊效應Eclipsing strain重疊張力Small-angle strain小角張力Large

16、 angle strain大角張力Transannular interaction跨環(huán)相互作用Transannular strain跨環(huán)張力I strain內(nèi)張力F strain前張力B strain后張力Michael addition邁克爾加成Anomeric effect Walden inversion Racemization Isoinversion Isoracemization Homochiral Mechanism端基異構(gòu)效應 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn) 外消旋化 等反轉(zhuǎn)等消旋 純手性的 機理Michael addition邁克爾加成Unimolecular nucleophilic單分子

17、親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 單分子親電取代 Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 雙分子親電取代 Nuc

18、leophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution Unimolecular elimination 單分子消除雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除 Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base單分子共軛堿消除雙分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mat

19、ion of a carbonyl group Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage雙分子羰基形成消除單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂n -allyl complex mechanismn烯丙型

20、絡合機理Borderline mechanism邊理機理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolytic michanism異裂機理Counrergegenion反荷離子Ion pair離子對Carbocation碳正離子Michael addition邁克爾加成Nonclassical carbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負離子Masked carbanion掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Electrophilic addition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxial add

21、ition雙直鍵加成Markovnikov ' s rube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikov addition反馬氏加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution親電取代Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除機理Electrophilic aromatic substi t u-tion親電芳香取代Electron transfer 電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donating group 給電子基團Electron-Withdrawing group 吸電子基團Deactivating group 鈍

22、化基團Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 鄰對位定位基Meta directing group 間位定位基Ortho effect 鄰位效應Partial rate factor 分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilic reaction 親核反應Internal return 內(nèi)返Nucleophilic ity親核體Nucleophilic ity親核性a -effecta -效應Backside attack背面進攻Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrella effect傘效應Push-pull effect推拉效應Leaving group離去基團

23、Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfer catalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboring group participation鄰基基參與鄰助作用Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance Neighboring group effect鄰基效應Apofacial reaction反面反應Briddgehead displacement橋頭取代Aryl action芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsev rule札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Ho

24、fmann ' s 反應Alkylation烷基化C- alkylationC- 烷基化O- alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN- 烷基化Silylation硅烷基 化Exhaustive methylation徹底甲基化Seco alkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation 脫甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation?；疐ormylation 甲?；?Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination雙氨基

25、化Cine substitution移位取代Transamination 氨基交換 Hydroxylation羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧鹵化 Allylic halogenation 烯丙型鹵化 Dehalogenation 脫鹵Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧硝化Nitrosation亞硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺?；?Desulfonation 脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺酰化Sulfonylation磺?；疌hlorosu

26、lfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Coupling reaction偶聯(lián)反應Diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián) Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶聯(lián)反應 1,4-addi tion 1 ，4- 加成Conjugate addition 共軛加成 Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration 硼氫化 O

27、xyamination羥氨基化Insertion 插入 carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation 加氫甲酰基化HydroacylationOxo processDecarbonylation Hydrocarboxylation Homologization加氫?；驶铣擅擊?氫羧基化 同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ring clsure 環(huán)合Diene synthesis雙烯合成Dienophile 親雙烯體Endo addition內(nèi)型加成Exo addition外型加成Diels-Alder reactio

28、n第爾斯 -爾德反應Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第爾斯 - 阿爾德反應Ene synthesis單烯合成Anionic cycloaddi tion 負離子環(huán)加成Dipolar addition- elimination偶極加成- 消除- elimination- 消除- elimination- 消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation 脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolytic eliminationElimination-addition熱解消除 消除 - 加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamid

29、ation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage ?；呀釬lash pyrolysisFragmentation閃熱裂碎裂Chiletropic reaction螯鍵反應Chelation 螯環(huán)化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化AminomethylationHydroxymethylation氨甲基化羥甲基化Hydro

30、xyalkylationCholromethylation羥烷基化氯甲基化鹵烷基化HaloalkylationTransacetalation 縮醛交換 Enolization烯醇化Haloform reaction 鹵仿反應Condensation 縮合Aldol condensation 羥醛縮合Cross aldol condensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrograde aldol condensation逆羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合 Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)

31、Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation Epoxidation 環(huán)氧化 Oxonolysis 臭氧解 Electrochemical oxidation Oxidative decarboxylation Aromatization 芳構(gòu)化烯丙型氫過氧化電化學氧化氧化脫羧Catalytic hydrogenation催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation Catalytic dehydrogenation Transfer hydrogenation Hydrogen

32、olysis 氫解 Dissolving metal reduction均相氫化催化脫氫轉(zhuǎn)移氫化溶解金屬還原Single electron transfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecular reduction雙分子還原Electrochemical reduction 電化學還原還原烷基化還原?；€原二聚Reductive alkylationReductive acylationReductive dimerizationDeoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation 金屬化Lithiation 鋰化 Hydrometa

33、llation 氫金屬化 Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羥汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction奪取反應 Internal abstraction內(nèi)奪取 反應 Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement Double bond migration Allylic migration Allylic migration Ring contractionRing expansion,ring enlargement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排雙鍵移位烯丙型重排烯丙型遷移 環(huán)縮小 反應 擴環(huán) 反應-ketol rearr

34、angement Pinacol rearrangement Retropinacol rearrangement Semipinacol rearrangement Benzilic rearrangement Acyl rearrangement Migratory apti tude Transannular insertion- 酮醇重排頻哪醇重排 逆頻哪醇重排 半頻哪醇重排 二苯乙醇酸重排 ?；嘏胚w移傾向跨環(huán)插入Transannular rearrangement遷移跨環(huán)重排Migration質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移PrototropyCationotropic rearrangement負離子轉(zhuǎn)

35、移正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排AnionotropyAnionotropic rearrangement負離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement- 遷移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement同遷移重排Electrophilic rearrangementPhotosensitization親電重排Forbidden transitionphotooxidationPhotoisomerization光敏化禁阻躍遷光氧化光異構(gòu)化光化學重排Photochemical rearrangement 2 4 有機化合物類名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合

36、物Hpdrocarbon 碳氫化合物 Alkane 烷Wax 蠟Paraffin wax 石蠟Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活潑氫化合物Carbon acid碳氫酸Super acid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkyl halide鹵代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve 溶纖劑Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound硝基化合物Amine 胺季銨化合物Quaternaryammonium com-poundAmine oxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇 Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亞砜Sulfone砜Aldehyde醛Det