被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法詳解

1、 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動(dòng)被動(dòng)) 漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用“被被”、“給給”、“由由”、“受受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用： 構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，它是一種是個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的表示動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（動(dòng)詞

2、用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Active Voice）；）；如果如果主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 1.1.當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 2.2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用用by 短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如： 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)

3、說(shuō)It is said that-clause 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is reported that -clause 據(jù)推測(cè)據(jù)推測(cè)It is supposed that -clause 希望希望It is hoped that -clause 眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that -clause 普遍認(rèn)為普遍認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that -clause 有人建議有人建議 It is suggested that -clause It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. It

4、is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.口訣口訣1 1：賓提前變主，主變介：賓提前變主，主變介byby賓，被動(dòng)賓，被動(dòng)bebe加加done,done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)。時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)?？谠E口訣2 2：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓，如若變直如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前加賓，間賓前加to/forto/for。1.He teaches English in our school.2.She gave me a book. English is taught in our school by him.I was given

5、a book by her./A book was given to me by her.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤) 2. 由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們由

6、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。這類短語(yǔ)。這類短語(yǔ)如：如： agree to, look after, think highly of, bring about(造成，造成，引起引起), carry out(執(zhí)行執(zhí)行), put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out(計(jì)算出計(jì)算出)等。等。 The baby is taken good care of by them.3. 3. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)( (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) )的動(dòng)

7、詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. (2) She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 口訣口訣3 3：這些動(dòng)詞：這些動(dòng)詞(一感，二聽(tīng)，三讓，五看一感，二聽(tīng)，三讓，五看)真奇怪，主真奇怪，

8、主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)句中to to 離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中toto回來(lái)?；貋?lái)。在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞（一感（一感feel，二聽(tīng)二聽(tīng)listen to/hear，三讓，三讓make/let/have，五看，五看look at/watch/see/notice/observe）動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶帶to。 We often hear him play the guitar.

9、 He is often heard to play the guitar. 主要體現(xiàn)在主要體現(xiàn)在bebe的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞bebe的變化形式完全的變化形式完全一樣。以一樣。以 dodo為例，列表如下：為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：am / is / are + done am / is / are + done was / were + was / were + done shall / will

10、+ be shall / will + be done am / is / are + being + am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + was / were + being + done have / has + been + have / has + been + done had + been + had + been + done 規(guī)律：保留時(shí)態(tài)的前部分，保留語(yǔ)態(tài)的后部分規(guī)律：保留時(shí)態(tài)的前部分，保留語(yǔ)態(tài)的后部分(p.p.),(p.p.), be be動(dòng)詞換成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞換成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： (1

11、)People grow rice in the south of the country. (2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. (2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily. 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： (1)They will send cars abroad by

12、 sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. (2) We are painting the rooms. 5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： (1)The workers were mending the road. (2)This time last year we were planting trees here. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： (1)Someone has told me (2)H

13、e has brought his book here. 7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)： (1)When I got to the theatre, I found (2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; ( (八）八） 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 (1)You must hand in your compositions after class. (2)He

14、 can write a great many letters with the computer. Exercises:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building .3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.u

15、sing C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good car

16、e B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risen B.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC9.All trees must_well when it is dry. A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10.I think the shop_. No,its o

17、pen. It_at six. A.asked B.will be asked C.closed;closes D.closes;is closed11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling. A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDD11.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use 12.A new school _over there in two years. A.may built B.may be

18、 built C. is built 13. He was made _yesterday. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried14.The PRC_on October 1,1949. A.was found B. is found C.was founded D.is founded 15.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D. will giveBBBCC 16. Windows_ o

19、f glass. A.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made17. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used18. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA 19. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. which are made in B. which is made C. which are made from D. whic

20、h made 20. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 21. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 22. Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces AADA有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。1.1.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及

21、物，當(dāng)它們有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和和well, well, badly, easilybadly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, write, read, clean, sell, wash, cookclean, sell, wash, cook 等。等。 如：如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 (2)The new product

22、 sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 對(duì)比：對(duì)比： The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句)2 2、動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義、動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1). 在在need, require, want(需要需要); deserve等動(dòng)詞后，表示某物等動(dòng)詞后，表示某物(人人)要進(jìn)行要進(jìn)行處理時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓

23、處理時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。例如：例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improvedC2). be worth 后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。 His suggestion

24、 is not worth considering. 3、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1). 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如：邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. 2). 作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語(yǔ)或間接有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。 Please give me so

25、mething to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. ( (間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)meme是是to eatto eat的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) ) ( (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)I I是是to doto do的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) ) 3). 用在作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞后面用在作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)的不定式，如果與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式。例如：系時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式。例如： His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get alo