2019版高考英語語法專題突破全國全解析專項訓(xùn)練：專題13-構(gòu)詞法-含解析-精品(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1(2017·全國卷，69)However, be_ (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful名詞加后綴­ful變成形容詞，作表語或定語。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。2(2017·全國卷，70)It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞fun, certain加后綴­ly構(gòu)成其副詞形式。3(2017·全國卷， 66)She

2、 is determined to carry on with her _ (educate)答案：education形容詞性物主代詞通常在名詞前作定語。由此可知her后面的空格處應(yīng)為名詞education。­tion為名詞后綴。4(2017·江蘇高考，29，改編)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart­phones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.答案：conventional分析句子可知，名詞PCs前缺少一個定語，故用形容詞形式。­al為形容詞后綴

3、。句意：僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世五年之后，智能手機的銷售額就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦。5(2016·全國卷，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of _ (achieve) 答案：achievement介詞of后要用名詞作賓語。動詞achieve加后綴­ment構(gòu)成名詞。a sense of achievement “成就感”。常用的英語構(gòu)詞法一、名詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞二、動詞加后綴構(gòu)成形容詞三、動詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞四、名詞加后綴構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的抽象名詞五、形容詞加

4、后綴構(gòu)成副詞六、形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成名詞七、形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成動詞(一)八、形容詞加前綴構(gòu)成動詞(二)九、常見的表示特定含義的前綴十、表示“人”的名詞后綴十一、常用的否定前綴.單句語法填空1_ (fortunate), Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.答案：Fortunately此處表述“幸運地是”，修飾整個句子，應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞形式。2It's still a useful and pleasant form of _ (communicate)答案：comm

5、unication介詞of之后要用名詞形式communication作賓語。3It is not _ (surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.答案：surprising此處表述that從句所陳述的事情是surprising “令人吃驚的”。慣用句式：It isadj.that .，v.­ingadj.。4Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild fema

6、le panda with a newborn baby.答案：recently修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)用副詞形式。形容詞recent­ly副詞。5The college years are supposed to be a time for important _ (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案：growth前面有形容詞important修飾。此處應(yīng)填名詞growth和后面的development構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。6Some schools will have to make _ (adjust)

7、 in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustmentsmake adjustments “做出調(diào)整”，固定短語。7We should see _ (fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.答案：failure設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞作動詞see的賓語，且此處為抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v.­uren.，故填failure。8You can live a more _ (power) life when you devote some of your tim

8、e and energy to something much larger than yourself.答案：powerful修飾后面的名詞的應(yīng)是形容詞，依據(jù)派生構(gòu)詞法，名詞加后綴­ful構(gòu)成形容詞；powerful “強有力的”。9Ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make _ (prepare) for the long cold winter.答案：preparationsmake preparations for . “為作準(zhǔn)備”。10It is _ (danger) for a

9、woman to walk alone at night.答案：dangerous所填詞位于系動詞is之后，作表語，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則可知，可在名詞后加后綴­ous，構(gòu)成形容詞，故填dangerous，意為“危險的”。.單句改錯1With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something amazed._答案：amazedamazing形容詞修飾不定代詞something應(yīng)位于其后，且此處表示“令人驚訝的事”，故改為amazing。2In the laboratory, chimp

10、s don't naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperate._答案：cooperatecooperative此處用形容詞作表語。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知v.­iveadj.。3It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road._答案：suddenlysudden句中，stop是名詞，應(yīng)由形容詞修飾；根據(jù)副詞的構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則可知，此處應(yīng)將表示副詞的后綴

11、3;ly去掉，故改suddenly為sudden。4The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste._答案：tastetasty形容詞small, juicy和句子最后一個詞為并列表語，故句末的詞應(yīng)改為其形容詞形式。由派生構(gòu)詞法可知，v.­yadj.。5They are true good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them._答案：truetruly此處用副詞形式修飾后面的形容詞good。.語法填空On the first day of her

12、 work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers_1_ (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet_2_rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were runnin

13、g about with paper, food packages and other garbage_3_ (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, _4_ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped_5_ (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally

14、worked out 10 class rules and posted them _6_the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them._7_ (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; _8_， she won respect from the students.Over the years, she witnessed g

15、radual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just _9_she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and _10_ (confident)1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一名老師通過努力最終將問題班級轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)秀班級的故事。1had quit(ted)考查動詞的時態(tài)。辭職動作發(fā)生在“She was told”之前，因此需用過去完成時。2the考查冠詞。“the

16、rest of .”是固定短語，意為“其余的”。3left考查非謂語動詞。過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動。4picked考查動詞的時態(tài)。老師走上講臺，拿起粉筆在黑板上寫字，構(gòu)成并列謂語。and連接三個并列的謂語動作，由walked, wrote可知，此處填所給詞的過去式。5to look考查非謂語動詞。所有學(xué)生都停下當(dāng)時所做的事情來看老師，故使用“stop to look”。6on/onto考查介詞。把規(guī)則張貼到墻上，故使用“post . on/onto the wall”。7Surprisingly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾整個句子，翻譯為“令人驚訝的是”。8instead考查副詞。承接前文可知

17、此處表述令人驚訝的是，Sally并沒有像其他老師那樣被趕出去，反而贏得了學(xué)生的尊重。副詞instead “反而，相反”，符合語境。9as考查定語從句。正如她所期待的那樣。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。10confidence考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用名詞作介詞of的賓語。.短文改錯Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought to be a boy whom was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of i

18、maginations.I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to having more than 1,000 inventions. In his lifetime, he were always eager to know how things worked. He was also very diligent and work day and night. And this explained why he had so much great inventions.S

19、uccess can never be easy achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.答案：Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of .I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to more than 1,000 inventions. In his lifetime, he always eager to know how things worked. He was also very d