石油鉆采機(jī)械-試卷--復(fù)習(xí)資料-含答案

1、forming the Government, enterprises and the public forces and actively participate in, sharing a strong atmosphere. Comrades, do work in the countryside and "five water treatment", "three to split", is related to overall development, responsibility, task, departments at all level

2、s must play more than spirit, do solid work, and difficult, and efforts to promote the work to a new level, "South Gate of XX beauty" to make new and greater contribution to the building! Research by the County, the County Government, the convening of this county, "three", povert

3、y and development, environmental protection, the main task is to 2016-these work arrangements. For a while, . . Gay also made an important speech, we must pay special attention to follow-up. The following, according to the city's plans and . . Comrade usual requirements of our work, I want to te

4、ll you three views: the first, on "three" last year, my County "three" has made certain achievements. Capital work is done using city funds . . Billion yuan, annual tasks . .%; only completion target . . Minutes, annual tasks . . rate, access to city-wide recruitment talent intro

5、duction . . Award recognized scientific and technological achievements . . , Cooperation of . . Innovation platforms . . Also complete tasks in the city. The overall "three" column in the city . . Name, did not enter the city in recognition of the results of this. This means we and other c

6、ounties than there is room to continue the efforts. From each town in the County Street, allocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of "three to split". (A) fully grasp "no unauthorised" created. The township "no unauthorised" crea

7、ted the existing building "one household, one document" survey and file storage work must be unconditional and full coverage. Main corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the Central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a "no unauthorised village"

8、. According to "five hundred villages" created and shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files, the real "no unauthorised village" created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (B) to strictly manage count a

9、s unauthorised controls. Promoting the "new" control work to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. A strict new unauthorised network responsibility. Sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the Township of grid

10、 accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression, demolition work to ensure that the new "zero tolerance". Second, public security, water, electricity,

11、water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective fulfilment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not b

12、e new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. While more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. Illicit trading in illegal construction in the Ministry of public security sector to strictly from the blow. Three is to create additional offence reporting system of incenti

13、ves. According to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (C) integrated implementation ", building demolition, modification, use" combination. Demolition is the means and purpose built is.

14、To adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to "three to split" and "five hundred" and "five water treatment", &

15、quot;three of the four sides", the shackDistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and "two road sides", series work organic combined up, active do River, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residential demolition work, to improv

16、ed masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put "three modified a split" as traditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry Park, effective optimization park environment 石油鉆采機(jī)械試題一 石

17、油工程1. 地層流體？答：地層中的油氣水稱為地層流體。2. 天然氣的主要成分？那種成分最多？答：主要組成：甲烷（CH4）、乙烷（C2H4）、丙烷（C3H8）、丁烷（C4H10）。甲烷含量最多。3. 石油的主要成分？那種最多？答：烴類（碳?xì)浠衔铮喊ㄌ肌?、氧、硫、氮等元素，?0；非烴類：包括氧、硫、氮等元素。4. 有桿泵和無桿泵采油的工藝原理有什么主要區(qū)別？代表的設(shè)備有哪些？答：無桿采油不需要用抽油桿傳遞地面動(dòng)力，而是用電纜或高壓液體將地面的能量傳輸?shù)骄聨?dòng)井下機(jī)組把原油抽到地面。無桿抽油設(shè)備：水力活塞泵，電動(dòng)潛油離心泵，電動(dòng)螺桿泵。有桿采油主要是動(dòng)力機(jī)通過減速箱，曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)和游梁等

18、，將高速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)變?yōu)橥鶑?fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過懸繩器，光桿和抽油桿帶動(dòng)有游動(dòng)閥的柱塞，在深井泵筒中往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)完成抽油。主要設(shè)備：抽油機(jī)，抽油泵，抽油桿。5. 油井清蠟技術(shù)常用的油哪些？答：機(jī)械清蠟，熱載體循環(huán)清蠟，電熱清蠟，化學(xué)清蠟。6. 油井防砂技術(shù)有哪些？答：濾砂管防砂，防砂卡泵防砂，繞絲篩管礫石充填防砂，小直徑氣砂錨防砂，化學(xué)防砂。7. 提高鉆進(jìn)速度的主要技術(shù)措施有哪些？（影響因素）答：“鉆速”通常指機(jī)械鉆速，即在純鉆進(jìn)周期內(nèi)每小時(shí)鉆進(jìn)的米數(shù)。影響鉆速的因素很多，除了組織因素和人的因素之外，主要有：地層特性、鉆機(jī)性能、泥漿性能、鉆頭類型、鉆壓、轉(zhuǎn)速以及水力因素。8. 環(huán)空返速是不是越大越好？答：“小排

19、量、低返速” 可以降低循環(huán)管路壓力降，提高鉆頭壓力降；但是，攜帶巖屑能力差；反之，環(huán)空返速大，則循環(huán)管路壓力損失大，而且對(duì)井壁沖刷嚴(yán)重，可能引起井壁不穩(wěn)定。所以環(huán)空返速的控制，要依據(jù)地層的復(fù)雜性、鉆井液的性能和鉆機(jī)能力。二 石油鉆機(jī)1. 石油鉆機(jī)？主要包括哪些系統(tǒng)和主要設(shè)備？答：石油鉆機(jī)是用于石油天然氣鉆井的專業(yè)機(jī)械，是由多臺(tái)設(shè)備組成的一套聯(lián)合機(jī)組。包括：十大部分1、起升系統(tǒng)2、旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)3、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)4、動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)5、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)6、控制系統(tǒng)7、底 座8、井控系統(tǒng)9、輔助設(shè)備10、鉆臺(tái)操作設(shè)備2. 鉆機(jī)的三大工作組件？驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)組的組合形式不同，可以分為哪幾種驅(qū)動(dòng)？答：絞車，轉(zhuǎn)盤，鉆進(jìn)泵三大工作機(jī)組。柴油

20、機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)；柴油機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組驅(qū)動(dòng)、電氣傳動(dòng)；SCR、VFD；液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)、傳動(dòng)；復(fù)合驅(qū)動(dòng)3.鉆機(jī)的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)主要有哪幾種？各有什么特點(diǎn)？答：鉆機(jī)的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)有：齒輪，膠帶，鏈條：齒輪傳動(dòng)允許線速度高，體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，方向軸結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，緊湊，維護(hù)保養(yǎng)方便，互換性好；膠帶傳動(dòng)時(shí)傳動(dòng)柔和，并車容易，制造容易，維護(hù)保養(yǎng)方便。鏈條傳動(dòng)：傳動(dòng)功率大，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，壽命長，適合于各級(jí)井深鉆機(jī).4.鉆機(jī)的主要參數(shù)有哪些？答：名義鉆深范圍，最大鉤載，絞車額定功率，單臺(tái)鉆井泵功率，游動(dòng)系統(tǒng)繩數(shù)。5.最大鉤載？主要用于哪些工況？答: 最大鉤載：鉆機(jī)在規(guī)定的最多繩數(shù)下起下套管、處理事故或進(jìn)行其它特殊作業(yè)時(shí)，大鉤不允許超過

21、的載荷。是大鉤允許的最大靜載荷。發(fā)生工況：1、發(fā)生動(dòng)載時(shí)，鉤載為靜動(dòng)載之和；2、處理卡鉆事故；3、下套管；4、下套管遇阻時(shí)，上提下放.6.名義鉆井深范圍？答：名義鉆深范圍：指鉆機(jī)在規(guī)定的鉆井繩數(shù)下，使用規(guī)定的鉆柱時(shí)，能夠達(dá)到的經(jīng)濟(jì)鉆井深度。是我國鉆機(jī)主參數(shù)。依據(jù)4 1/2、5 兩種鉆桿柱尺寸確定。7.鉆機(jī)型號(hào)表示？答：鉆機(jī)型號(hào)：ZJ-1-2-3 1表示鉆機(jī)級(jí)別 ；2表示鉆機(jī)特點(diǎn)：鏈條并車鉆機(jī)無或?yàn)長，三角膠帶并車鉆機(jī)為J，齒輪傳動(dòng)鉆機(jī)為C，電驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆機(jī)為D，自行或車裝鉆機(jī)為T。3表示廠家代號(hào)及改型序號(hào)。9. 轉(zhuǎn)盤的主要功能？主要結(jié)構(gòu)組成、主要參數(shù)?主軸承和輔助軸承分別承受什么載荷?答：轉(zhuǎn)盤功能：

22、 （1）旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆具，傳遞足夠大的扭矩和必要的轉(zhuǎn)速；（2）下套管或起下鉆時(shí)，承受全部套管或鉆具重量；（3）完成卸鉆頭、卸扣，處理事故時(shí)倒扣、等輔助工作；（4）井下動(dòng)力鉆具鉆井時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)盤制動(dòng)承受反扭矩。轉(zhuǎn)盤的結(jié)構(gòu)組成：（1）水平軸總成；（2）轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)；（3）主、輔軸承；（4）殼體。特性參數(shù)：通孔通徑：轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)通徑一開鉆頭最大直徑10mm；最大靜負(fù)荷：匹配于鉆機(jī)最大鉤載；最大工作扭矩：最低工作轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)達(dá)到的最大工作扭矩；最高轉(zhuǎn)速：輕載下的最高轉(zhuǎn)速，一 般為300r/min。主軸承起承載和承轉(zhuǎn)作用，輔助軸承起徑向扶正和軸向防跳作用。10. 剎車裝置的類型有哪些?個(gè)有什么作用？答：主剎車：盤式剎車，帶式剎車。作用：下

23、鉆、下套管作業(yè)時(shí)：剎慢或剎住滾筒；控制下放速度；懸持鉆柱。正常鉆井時(shí)：控制滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速，調(diào)節(jié)鉆壓，送進(jìn)鉆具。 輔助剎車：水剎車，電磁渦流剎車，作用:控制下鉆速度.11. 游動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的效率與哪些因素有關(guān)?起升和下鉆時(shí)的效率是否相等？答：與滑動(dòng)軸承的摩擦阻力和通過滑輪時(shí)的彎曲阻力及鋼絲繩的損耗有關(guān)。不相等。12.快繩的拉力計(jì)算？答：起鉆時(shí)：Pf = Qt/Z /t 下鉆時(shí)：Pf = Qt*t/Z13.起鉆過程分為那幾個(gè)階段?答：加速，勻速，減速。14.鉆機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)絞車檔位是否越多越好？絞車檔位與絞車形式的關(guān)系？一般為幾檔？答：由檔數(shù)越多功率利用率越高，但是絞車結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜。由max=e/（e + 1）可知檔

24、位越高利用率變化也不明顯所以不是越多越好，一般實(shí)用的檔數(shù)少于6個(gè)。15.起下鉆過程中，天車個(gè)滑輪的轉(zhuǎn)速是否一樣？實(shí)際中應(yīng)該注意些什么？答：鋼絲繩速度由快繩側(cè)至死繩側(cè)依次為：v ' = v '1 = 6 v = zvv ' 2 = v '3 = 4 vv ' 4 = v '5 = 2 vv ' n = v ' z = v d = 0天車滑輪的切向速度V和轉(zhuǎn)速 n 依次為：v"1 = zv, v"2 = 4v,v"3 = 2v1、 起鉆時(shí)，快繩側(cè)的滑輪轉(zhuǎn)速要比死繩側(cè)的高數(shù)倍；2、快繩側(cè)的鋼絲繩的彎曲次數(shù)要

25、比死繩側(cè)鋼絲繩多出數(shù)倍；注意事項(xiàng)：檢修、倒換壽命均衡，設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)快繩工況；快繩側(cè)鋼絲繩提前疲勞檢查、補(bǔ)充新繩。16.為什么游動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中快繩側(cè)的鋼絲繩會(huì)提前疲勞？答：同上題的后兩點(diǎn)。17.無18.起下鉆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)公式M1-M2=J，試解釋各項(xiàng)的含義？答：M1主動(dòng)力矩，M2負(fù)載產(chǎn)生的阻力矩，J工作件折算的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量轉(zhuǎn)軸角速度，J慣性力矩。無在選擇柴油機(jī)功率時(shí)，絞車和鉆井泵分別按什么工況標(biāo)定功率？為什么？答：1、典型工況1）起升作業(yè)時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)絞車功率在0100范圍內(nèi)周期性變化。每提升一立根負(fù)載時(shí)間不長，工作是斷續(xù)的即間歇受載。2）鉆進(jìn)時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆井泵，或同時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆井泵和轉(zhuǎn)盤。接近或達(dá)到滿功率運(yùn)行，速度不變或變化很小。

26、持續(xù)工作，每次可達(dá)10小時(shí)以上。2、功率標(biāo)定1）起升功率與轉(zhuǎn)速起升時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)絞車。取國際規(guī)定的12功率值，取額定轉(zhuǎn)速；2）鉆進(jìn)功率與轉(zhuǎn)速和取國標(biāo)規(guī)定的持續(xù)功率，取經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速。柴油機(jī)的人功率和持續(xù)功率那個(gè)大？答：人功率大22柴油機(jī)的外特性主要表示什么特性？表明哪些參數(shù)與柴油機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速有關(guān)？答：外特性：供油量最大時(shí)，性能參數(shù)Ne、Me、ge、GT隨n變化的規(guī)律性。1）指明不同轉(zhuǎn)速下的N、M、g。2）指明相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速、適應(yīng)系數(shù)K和合理的工作轉(zhuǎn)速范圍。23鉆機(jī)常用的傳動(dòng)類型有哪些？答：并車，倒車，減速與變速，轉(zhuǎn)換方向，帶輔助調(diào)速的傳動(dòng)方案。24為什么柴油機(jī)作為鉆機(jī)動(dòng)力比較合適，試簡述？答：柴油機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)1、

27、具有自持能力，不受地區(qū)限制；2、系列化，“積木式”組合，滿足不同功率的需要；3、驅(qū)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，有一定的過載性能；4、移運(yùn)性好，適于野外流動(dòng)作業(yè)。25電驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆機(jī)中，直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的勵(lì)磁方式有哪幾種？答：有：并勵(lì)，串勵(lì)，它勵(lì)，復(fù)勵(lì)。26電驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆機(jī)中，直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的勵(lì)磁方式更希望采用并勵(lì)還是串勵(lì)，為什么？答：并勵(lì)，因?yàn)?.串勵(lì)調(diào)速性好，但是低載時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)超速，而且串勵(lì)調(diào)速特性不適應(yīng)鉆井泵工況2.它勵(lì)電機(jī)容易實(shí)現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)，控制掉接容易，配置一定的機(jī)械變速能夠很好地適應(yīng)絞車工況。27直流電機(jī)人為特性是針對(duì)那種勵(lì)磁方式的直流電機(jī)而言？鉆機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的直流電機(jī)人為特性是通過那些參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)速的？答：從安全考慮，石油鉆機(jī)中普遍應(yīng)用

28、并勵(lì)（它勵(lì)）電動(dòng)機(jī)，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)并勵(lì)電動(dòng)機(jī)調(diào)速，就必須采用人為特性（調(diào)速）。有三個(gè)方面的調(diào)節(jié)可以調(diào)速1、電樞串電阻；2、供電電壓；3、減弱磁通28試列舉三種以上井架類型？當(dāng)前陸地上鉆機(jī)使用最多的井架是哪種？答：塔型井架，前開口井架，A型井架，直立套裝井架。最多的是前開口井架29.井架的有效高度？答：指鉆臺(tái)到天車梁底面的垂直高度。30.雙升式底座與旋升式底座有哪些區(qū)別？深井，超深井更要選擇哪種？答：雙升式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座由上船、下船、四連桿等主要件組成。旋升式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座分為前臺(tái)和后臺(tái)，后臺(tái)與雙升式結(jié)構(gòu)類似，結(jié)構(gòu)為上船、下船、連桿、銷軸連接。不同的是，井架大腿底板置于后臺(tái)下船頂面。低位安裝，首先起升井架

29、，然后利用絞車將后臺(tái)底座起升到位，最后起升前臺(tái)底座。旋升式底座廣泛應(yīng)用于深井和超深井鉆機(jī)、固定式海洋平臺(tái)鉆機(jī)。如7000m、9000m和2000m鉆機(jī)。31.底座的結(jié)構(gòu)類型主要有哪幾種？至少列舉三種，分別敘述其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)？答：1、塊裝結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座：塊裝結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座是有多個(gè)片狀結(jié)構(gòu)通過銷軸拼裝而成。底座結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、內(nèi)部空間狹??；底座拆裝工作量大；不適應(yīng)于高鉆臺(tái)底座。 2、箱式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座：是有多個(gè)箱體結(jié)構(gòu)搭接而成。箱式結(jié)構(gòu)底座穩(wěn)定性好，箱體內(nèi)部可以容納設(shè)備和工具，充分利用空間；拆裝工作量大，尤其是高鉆臺(tái)底座拆裝困難；適應(yīng)于海上平臺(tái)鉆機(jī)（鉆機(jī)搬家少，穩(wěn)定性要求高）。 3、雙升式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座：雙升式結(jié)構(gòu)井

30、架底座由上船、下船、四連桿等主要件組成。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：底座結(jié)構(gòu)分塊少，低位安裝，整體起升，銷軸連接，移運(yùn)性好；底座內(nèi)空間大、通透，安全性好；適應(yīng)于任意高度設(shè)計(jì)、制造。缺點(diǎn)：1、先起升井架，后起升底座，底座起升負(fù)荷大；2、自升式底座穩(wěn)定性較其它結(jié)構(gòu)底座差；3、井架大腿置于底座上船頂平面（鉆臺(tái)平面），井架穩(wěn)定性差。應(yīng)用：自升式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座適應(yīng)于中深井、深井鉆機(jī)。當(dāng)前，我國4000m、5000m鉆機(jī)和部分7000m鉆機(jī)，尤其是電驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆機(jī)普遍使用該型結(jié)構(gòu)底座。4、旋升式結(jié)構(gòu)井架底座：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1、井架大腿低位安裝，整體穩(wěn)定性好；2、底座結(jié)構(gòu)分塊少，低位安裝，整體起升，銷軸連接，移運(yùn)性好；3、底座內(nèi)空間大、通透，安

31、全性好； 4、適應(yīng)于任意高度設(shè)計(jì)、制造。缺點(diǎn)：1、底座分前后臺(tái)面，需要兩次起升到位，起升井架、后臺(tái)、前臺(tái)需要兩次倒換鋼絲繩，操作勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大于自升式底座；2、底座結(jié)構(gòu)較自升式復(fù)雜，重量也大些。32.除砂器的離心力場與離心機(jī)的離心力場有什么不同?答：33.螺旋沉降式離心機(jī)的排雜原理？答：離心機(jī)分離的核心部件由轉(zhuǎn)鼓和螺旋輸送器組成，轉(zhuǎn)鼓和螺旋輸送器之間存有少量間隙，采用行星差速器驅(qū)動(dòng)，使得二者之間維持一定的轉(zhuǎn)速差，泥漿經(jīng)空心軸經(jīng)入轉(zhuǎn)鼓，轉(zhuǎn)鼓高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，形成離心力場，使得泥漿實(shí)現(xiàn)固液分離，固相在螺旋輸送器的作用下推向固相排出口，液相在壓力作用下從液相排出口排出。34.解釋底座高度與底座凈空高度,為什么要

32、求底座凈空高度？答:底座高度：底座上平面與地面之間的高度。底座凈空高度：底座下平面與平面之間的高度。因?yàn)橐ＷC井口設(shè)備安裝空間。35.機(jī)械采油設(shè)備可以分為哪幾類？答：分為有桿抽油設(shè)備和無桿抽油設(shè)備。36.有桿采油和無桿才油的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)方式有什么不一樣？答：無桿采油不需要用抽油桿傳遞地面動(dòng)力，而是用電纜或高壓液體將地面的能量傳輸?shù)骄聨?dòng)井下機(jī)組把原油抽到地面。有桿采油主要是動(dòng)力機(jī)通過減速箱，曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)和游梁等，將高速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)變?yōu)橥鶑?fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過懸繩器，光桿和抽油桿帶動(dòng)有游動(dòng)閥的柱塞，在深井泵筒中往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)完成抽油。37.有桿采油裝置中的“三抽”指的是？答:抽油機(jī)、抽油桿及抽油泵（三抽）。38.游梁

33、式抽油機(jī)通常分為幾類？個(gè)有什么優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)？答：1、常規(guī)型游梁式抽油機(jī)；2、前置型游梁式抽油機(jī)；3、異相型游梁式抽油機(jī)4、雙驢頭型游梁式抽油機(jī)。前置型游梁式抽油機(jī)：特點(diǎn)：1、平衡效果好。實(shí)際靜扭矩始終為正值，減速齒輪無反向載荷；2、光桿最大載荷減小。曲柄上沖程轉(zhuǎn)角大于下沖程轉(zhuǎn)角（195°/165°），上沖程慣性載荷??；3、節(jié)能效果好。異相曲柄型游梁式抽油機(jī)：特點(diǎn)：1、減速箱靜扭矩減?。?060），扭矩峰值變化幅度小。連桿與游梁間的夾角幾乎始終垂直；2、光桿最大載荷減小。與前置式相似，由于存在曲柄偏移角，使得上沖程轉(zhuǎn)角大于下沖程轉(zhuǎn)角（192°/168°）；3、井

34、口操作范圍大。曲柄遠(yuǎn)離井口；安全4、容易實(shí)現(xiàn)常規(guī)抽油機(jī)改造。異相曲柄抽油機(jī)在結(jié)構(gòu)形式上與常規(guī)型抽油機(jī)相類似。39.額定懸點(diǎn)載荷？答：額定懸點(diǎn)載荷：懸繩器懸掛光桿處承受的光桿拉力的額定值。KW40.光桿最大沖程？答：光桿最大沖程是光桿能獲得的最大位移。M41.減速器額定扭矩？答：減速器額定扭矩：減速器允許輸出的最大扭矩，kN.m；42.游梁式抽油機(jī)的平衡方式通常有哪幾種？標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的代號(hào)是什么？答：B曲柄平衡，Q氣平衡，Y游梁平衡，F(xiàn)復(fù)合平衡43.游梁式抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律是近似為那兩種機(jī)構(gòu)分別得出的其運(yùn)動(dòng)方程？答：1、簡化為簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律：A點(diǎn)的位移sA為：s A =as B/b =ar (

35、1 cos t )/b，A點(diǎn)的速度為：v =ds A/dt=ar sin t/b，A點(diǎn)的加速度為：a A =dv A/dt=awwr cos t/b；2、簡化為曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律：44.無45.上沖程和下沖程時(shí)液柱載荷對(duì)旋點(diǎn)載荷的影響？答：上沖程中，游動(dòng)閥關(guān)閉，作用在柱塞上的液柱引起的懸點(diǎn)載荷為：Wl = ( f p f r ) Ll g f p 柱塞截面積 在下沖程時(shí)，由于游動(dòng)閥打開，固定閥關(guān)閉，液柱載荷通過固定閥作用在油管上，而不作用在懸點(diǎn)上。46.有桿采油系統(tǒng)中，沖程損失指的是什么？為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖程損失？試解釋上下沖程中沖程損失的原因？答：沖程損失時(shí)抽油機(jī)的沖程與泵的有效沖程之差

36、S損=Smax-S油泵；由于液體載荷的轉(zhuǎn)移造成的油桿，抽油桿彈性變形長度。上沖程開始時(shí)，活塞以上液體載荷轉(zhuǎn)移到抽油桿上，造成油管受力減小而縮短和抽油桿柱受力增加而伸長的長度。下沖程開始時(shí)，液體重量轉(zhuǎn)移到油管上造成的抽油桿受力減小而縮短和油管受力增加而伸長的長度。47.游梁式抽油機(jī)平衡和不平衡時(shí)減速器的扭矩特征？答：平衡和不平衡時(shí)減速器的扭矩特征：平衡時(shí)，上下沖程的載荷幾乎相等，工作循環(huán)中的最大扭矩比為平衡時(shí)大大減小，電動(dòng)機(jī)基本上做正功。48.游梁式抽油機(jī)為什么要做平衡設(shè)計(jì)，平衡的基本條件是什么？答：原因：上、下沖程中電動(dòng)機(jī)承受的載荷相差很大，上沖程電動(dòng)機(jī)承受全部載荷；下沖程電動(dòng)機(jī)處于發(fā)電狀態(tài)；

37、懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和加速度的變化。結(jié)果：抽油機(jī)必須采取平衡措施，盡可能消除負(fù)功，使得電動(dòng)機(jī)在上、下沖程過程中負(fù)載接近相等。平衡的基本條件：上、下沖程時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)都做正功，且做功相等。49機(jī)械平衡（復(fù)合平衡）游梁式抽油機(jī)種哪些件事在下沖程過程中可以儲(chǔ)能？答：游梁平衡重，曲柄平衡重，游梁自重，曲柄自重。50鏈條抽油機(jī)的懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律與游梁式抽油機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律是否相同？使用速度和轉(zhuǎn)角的關(guān)系做簡要說明？答：V=dsa/dt=a*wrsinwt/b51有桿抽油機(jī)系統(tǒng)中，基本型抽油泵有哪幾種？我國常用的是那一種？答：管式泵，桿式泵，套管泵。常用的是管式泵。52桿式泵和管式泵各有什么優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)？答;管式泵優(yōu)點(diǎn)：泵筒和柱塞直

38、徑大，可以獲得較大的產(chǎn)液量，缺點(diǎn)：檢修工作量大，需要起出抽油桿和泵筒。桿式泵優(yōu)點(diǎn)：只要提起抽油桿，就可以提起內(nèi)工作筒及其內(nèi)的柱塞和游動(dòng)閥、固定閥等全套抽油裝置，檢修方便。方便于過油管作業(yè)，缺點(diǎn)：泵徑小，產(chǎn)量小。53.桿式抽油泵可以分為哪兩種？答：分為定筒桿式泵和動(dòng)筒桿式泵。所有進(jìn)場鋼材，掛有標(biāo)牌，牌上印有廠標(biāo)、鋼號(hào)、爐罐（批）號(hào)、直徑等標(biāo)記并附有質(zhì)量證明書；無質(zhì)量證明書，不得入庫；經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后物資設(shè)備部方可收貨，如發(fā)現(xiàn)不合格鋼材，不得驗(yàn)收入庫。合格鋼材應(yīng)分批驗(yàn)收入庫。forming the Government, enterprises and the public forces and ac

39、tively participate in, sharing a strong atmosphere. Comrades, do work in the countryside and "five water treatment", "three to split", is related to overall development, responsibility, task, departments at all levels must play more than spirit, do solid work, and difficult, and

40、efforts to promote the work to a new level, "South Gate of XX beauty" to make new and greater contribution to the building! Research by the County, the County Government, the convening of this county, "three", poverty and development, environmental protection, the main task is to

41、 2016-these work arrangements. For a while, . . Gay also made an important speech, we must pay special attention to follow-up. The following, according to the city's plans and . . Comrade usual requirements of our work, I want to tell you three views: the first, on "three" last year, m

42、y County "three" has made certain achievements. Capital work is done using city funds . . Billion yuan, annual tasks . .%; only completion target . . Minutes, annual tasks . . rate, access to city-wide recruitment talent introduction . . Award recognized scientific and technological achiev

43、ements . . , Cooperation of . . Innovation platforms . . Also complete tasks in the city. The overall "three" column in the city . . Name, did not enter the city in recognition of the results of this. This means we and other counties than there is room to continue the efforts. From each to

44、wn in the County Street, alland improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environment improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. Five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. Third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to streng

45、then responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. All localities and departments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this year's objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. First, we must strengthen the leadership to impl

46、ement. Departments at all levels should always work and rural "five water treatment", "three to split" in an important position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarc

47、hical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to implementation. County nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is "long", "Sheriff" &quo

48、t;Inspector" to effectively fulfill their responsibilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. Second, we must strengthen the test implementation of the Governor. Role play the Governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and "five water treatment", "three to split" work, refine improve assessment method