2013屆新課標(biāo)重慶高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)完形填空及閱讀理解及完型專講專練學(xué)生版

1、2013重慶高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)完形填空及閱讀理解題型專講專練完形填空一、 重慶高考完形填空考什么？重慶高考英語(yǔ)卷考情分析：ABCD的答案選項(xiàng)分布均衡，動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞是考查重點(diǎn)。尤其是動(dòng)詞和形容詞更是重中之重。每年均會(huì)有8-10個(gè)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考查；4-6個(gè)名詞的考查，同時(shí)有3個(gè)形容詞的考查，1-2個(gè)副詞的考查，1-2個(gè)連詞的考查，偶爾出現(xiàn)代詞的考查，同時(shí)最近三年一直未出現(xiàn)介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)的考查，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)由所側(cè)重。重慶英語(yǔ)高考完形填空采用30分制，共20道，1.5分一道。就重慶高考英語(yǔ)完形填空題材而言，幾乎都是以記敘文為主， 題目設(shè)置以實(shí)詞為主、虛詞為輔，嚴(yán)格遵守首行不設(shè)空的高考命題要

2、求?？键c(diǎn)主要集中在動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，形容詞，副詞，名詞，代詞和連詞等，其中，動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查最多，特別是11年的完形填空中，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查就有3道，是近五年中，專門(mén)考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)最多的。除此之外，完形填空中對(duì)于把握作者意圖，根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系的考查更是重中之重，所以，要在完形拿下高分，考生需保持思維的一貫性及注重前后文聯(lián)系。切記不能像做單選一樣，做一道扔一道?，F(xiàn)在的完型已經(jīng)不考語(yǔ)法，大大增加了上下文推理出題的比例。1.整體把握：1. 短文難度基本穩(wěn)定，與高中英語(yǔ)教材課文難易基本相當(dāng)。2. 短文選材一般為故事性文章，極少采用其他題材的文章。但往往不按時(shí)間順序平鋪直敘，有插敘或倒敘。有時(shí)還夾有描述

3、和議論。3. 短文的第一句不設(shè)空格，提供給考生一個(gè)思路，以便考生做題。4. 考查內(nèi)容主要是邏輯上的通順，極少考語(yǔ)法。所以每題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)大多屬同一語(yǔ)法范疇。5. 短文長(zhǎng)度基本穩(wěn)定，一般在250300個(gè)單詞左右。2.命題規(guī)律：1. 同義、近義詞辨析型：多傾向考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞。（平時(shí)要多把這幾類(lèi)詞性的詞歸納記憶）2. 固定搭配型：多傾向考查動(dòng)詞和介詞或副詞、名詞和介詞、形容詞和介詞，典型句子結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配3. 常用語(yǔ)法： 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、從句連詞。4. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)型二、完形填空題的特點(diǎn)：1、閱讀文章短，設(shè)空多為了測(cè)試學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合能力，控制試題短文長(zhǎng)度及挖空密度是必要的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，

4、短文的長(zhǎng)度在250-300個(gè)單詞左右。平均每?jī)煽臻g隔12個(gè)左右單詞。2、考查重語(yǔ)境，輕語(yǔ)法從近10年的高考完形填空試題來(lái)看，完全考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的題幾乎沒(méi)有。百分之九十五的題都是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)法功能和結(jié)構(gòu)相同，只有通過(guò)文章情節(jié)既語(yǔ)境才能做出正確作答。3、考查實(shí)詞多，虛詞少實(shí)詞是指那些能夠獨(dú)立承當(dāng)句子成分的詞，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等；虛詞則是指連詞、介詞、冠詞等完形填空的選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)百分之八十左右為實(shí)詞。三、快速定位技巧：1、快讀全文，整體理解全文大意在不看選項(xiàng)的情況下，快速閱讀整篇文章，了解全文大意。考生要認(rèn)真理解重點(diǎn)句子的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章內(nèi)容線索。在快速閱讀過(guò)程中，不要急于動(dòng)筆

5、選答案，要一口氣讀到底。遇到不懂的地方跳過(guò)去，繼續(xù)往下讀，以求縱觀上下文，獲得對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體理解，從而確定解題的基本思路，切忌看一空選一題。2、細(xì)讀短文，選擇答案，上下文聯(lián)系，通篇考慮在通讀全文，了解短文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，聯(lián)系上下文，運(yùn)用邏輯思維進(jìn)行比較、判斷，選出既符合詞義、句義，又上下文連貫，合乎情理的準(zhǔn)確答案。往往有這種情況，一處空白，從單句來(lái)說(shuō)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合該句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法要求，這就要求考生聯(lián)系上下文，按著文章線索，找出文章中與選項(xiàng)有關(guān)的信息詞，選出符合上下文語(yǔ)境需要的最佳選項(xiàng)。上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系是做好完形填空的關(guān)鍵。3、避開(kāi)疑點(diǎn)，先易后難在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)從易到難，先選出確定的

6、、直接的、明確的答案。如遇到少數(shù)確實(shí)不會(huì)的題，切忌徘徊不前，這會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響大體速度?？梢韵忍^(guò)去繼續(xù)往下做，很可能從下文中找到此題的有關(guān)暗示或信息。4、從句子分析和語(yǔ)篇分析兩方面著手。對(duì)句子分析可解決大部分問(wèn)題，主要是從固定搭配、詞語(yǔ)辨析、語(yǔ)法要求等角度分析，這要求學(xué)生應(yīng)有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯基礎(chǔ)及良好的語(yǔ)感。語(yǔ)篇分析是對(duì)于和整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇或上下文相關(guān)的問(wèn)題而言。從局部或句子的角度看多個(gè)答案都可選，但是從全文角度看卻只能選一個(gè)。這種題就要求在整體把握的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)句子內(nèi)部成份進(jìn)行分析。一般地說(shuō)，解答完形填空題因遵循以下四個(gè)步驟：(1)快速通讀全文，抓主旨脈絡(luò)，特別注意首尾句。文章都有中心議題和中心內(nèi)容?？焖偻?/p>

7、讀全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主線，才能使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，盡量記憶關(guān)鍵詞、句，力求把文章內(nèi)容串聯(lián)起來(lái)并在腦海中形成一個(gè)完整的圖像。(2) 弄清主旨脈絡(luò)以后，要逐句精讀、逐句分析，用平時(shí)積累的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)義、慣用搭配、文中前后邏輯以及常識(shí)進(jìn)行客觀推測(cè)，務(wù)必克服平時(shí)的思維定式。在選擇答案的過(guò)程中，要先易后難；對(duì)少數(shù)難題，可暫定答案，在復(fù)讀全文后再加以分析推敲。(3) 瞻前顧后，尋覓啟示信息。啟示信息有以下幾個(gè)方面：首句提供的信息；通讀全文獲得的信息；已經(jīng)補(bǔ)充完整句子提供的信息；后問(wèn)提供的信息；平時(shí)積累的常識(shí)和背景知識(shí)提供的信息。對(duì)上述信息，

8、要全面考慮，尋找啟示，做出選擇。(4)復(fù)讀全文，力求從旁觀者的角度清醒地重新審視文章，從整體角度核校答案，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章的理解。要根據(jù)文章的中心思想與各段落之間、前后句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，檢查文章的整體性；也可以從語(yǔ)法、詞義、慣用法、固定搭配、背景知識(shí)等方面進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和修改答案。5、有些題不要鉆牛角尖，用正常的思維去考慮，不要把問(wèn)題搞得太復(fù)雜。6、選項(xiàng)填完后，一定要再讀全文。從整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯是否和諧一致、前后照應(yīng)，上下文銜接。四、看完形填空篇章特點(diǎn)解題：1、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)解題1）利用段首句或首段最大限度地獲取信息2）分析認(rèn)識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理解領(lǐng)會(huì)文章各部分、各層次之間的邏輯關(guān)系并列關(guān)系

9、： and, or轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系： but, however, nevertheless, whereas, while讓步關(guān)系： although, though, despite, in spite of因果關(guān)系： due to, owing to, thanks to, because of because, since, as, for so, therefore, thus, as a result條件關(guān)系： if, whether unless = if . not, provided that, providing that suppose that, supposing that解釋

10、關(guān)系： for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say順序關(guān)系： before, after, first, second, then, next, finally3）利用上下文尋找解題信息4）排除法 5）代入法 6）固定搭配7）生活常識(shí)解題法綜述上述方法，以兩條主線做完形填空文章主題主題句段落主題主線詞匯一致一致關(guān)系 語(yǔ)法一致上下文邏輯關(guān)系一致五、做完形填空六大妙招 一、首句判斷法根據(jù)歷年高考英語(yǔ)的考題情況來(lái)看，完形填空的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，且首句往往不設(shè)空，即首句是一個(gè)完整的句子。所以同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)，若能認(rèn)真讀懂這個(gè)句子，多

11、少可以根據(jù)它判斷出文章的大意或主題，這樣會(huì)大大地有助于后面的填空，尤其是一些語(yǔ)境性較強(qiáng)的空格，往往需要結(jié)合文章的主題來(lái)判斷。下面請(qǐng)看一篇完形填空題的首句：I did very badly at school. (2005年安徽卷)這個(gè)首句雖然很短，但根據(jù)此句我們可以對(duì)本文的主題作出以下推測(cè)：可能是具體介紹“我”在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)是如何的 badly；也可能是講“我”在讀書(shū)時(shí)的表現(xiàn)雖然 badly，但“我”后來(lái)還是取得了成功。到底哪種可能性更大呢？就常識(shí)來(lái)判斷，后一種寫(xiě)法的可能性較大，因?yàn)榍耙环N寫(xiě)法的導(dǎo)向性顯然不如后一種寫(xiě)法的導(dǎo)向性好，而高考文章的選材往往是很注意對(duì)考生進(jìn)行思想教育和前途理想教育的。而

12、讀完全文我們便會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章正是按照第二種思路來(lái)寫(xiě)的，并且作者還通過(guò)自己的親身經(jīng)歷告訴大家，即使我們?cè)谔幘澈茉銜r(shí)，也不要?dú)怵H，應(yīng)該保持良好的心態(tài)，積極進(jìn)取，同時(shí)作者也指出我們應(yīng)該多給那些不是很出色的人一些鼓勵(lì)。二、語(yǔ)境推測(cè)法近幾年高考英語(yǔ)完形填空題的最大特點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)考查語(yǔ)境。所謂語(yǔ)境，就是指文章的上下文，它包括文章語(yǔ)氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。所以考生在做題時(shí)，一定要從整體上把握文章內(nèi)容，區(qū)分文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次和文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，同時(shí)認(rèn)真比較所給選項(xiàng)，并從中選最符合語(yǔ)境的答案。如： I would go to the pile of letters marked with

13、 “Funny” if we needed a chat, or to the “Disabled” box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or _ in bed living happily and successfully. (江蘇卷)A. much B. never C. even D. seldom They look so _. (全國(guó)卷)A. nervous B. afraid C. excited D. angry【解析】單獨(dú)看這一句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的任何一項(xiàng)填入空格均可以不僅合乎語(yǔ)法，而且句意也通順。但是，從上下文來(lái)看，文章的語(yǔ)

14、境是這樣的：某電影拍攝組的人乘汽艇在河上拍電影，其中有個(gè)情節(jié)是要拍一個(gè)落水者在水中掙扎的場(chǎng)景，而當(dāng)時(shí)路過(guò)此處的羅伯特由于不知情，以為是真有人落水，于是迅速跳入河里救人，結(jié)果破壞了電影的拍攝進(jìn)程。根據(jù)這樣的語(yǔ)境，電影拍攝組的人看起來(lái)會(huì)怎樣呢? 那當(dāng)然是 angry。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志是指能表明各個(gè)句群或段落之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ)。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)有therefore, so, thus, but, however等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)有even, besides, whats more等；表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)

15、有before, after, so far等；表示選擇關(guān)系的or, whetheror等。根據(jù)這些語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，我們就可以迅速弄清上下文的關(guān)系，理清文章的脈絡(luò)層次，從而作出正確的選擇。如： First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching_, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. (全國(guó)卷)A. LaterB. Sec

16、ondlyC. HoweverD. Therefore三、習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配法英語(yǔ)中，一些固定的句型和短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)既是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是完形填空的?？伎键c(diǎn)。同學(xué)們做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意所填空之詞與空格前后詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配。如： I started surfing about five years ago and _ in love with the sport on the very first day. (北京春季卷)A. stayed B. came C. droppedD. fell As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student,

17、 a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _ me. (山東卷)A. controlled B. comfortedC. remindedD. raised四、結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比法在做完形填空題時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子，此時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)認(rèn)真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，或根據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞，或根據(jù)文章的上下文語(yǔ)境判斷兩個(gè)(或幾個(gè))相似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯

18、關(guān)系。如： I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome(戰(zhàn)勝). The strongest people are not always the people who win, _ the people who dont give up when they lose. (天津卷)A. or B. norC. and D. but The correct water supply forecast is based m

19、ore on the water from the _ than from the below. (遼寧卷)A. clouds B. skyC. airD. above五、重復(fù)暗示法有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語(yǔ)境我們無(wú)法作出正確的選擇，要想作出正確判斷，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)，尤其注意找出其中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語(yǔ)。如： Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their minds to ring th

20、e bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest (抗議) against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. (全國(guó)卷)A. collegeB. village C. town D. church But then again, would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a(n) _ room?A. smallB. empty C. newD. neat盡管近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)完形填空主要考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)

21、境的理解，很少考查純語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，但是借助一定的語(yǔ)法分析來(lái)幫助理解句子、推測(cè)語(yǔ)境、判斷搭配等，這卻是必不可少的。所以，考生在遇到復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)充分利用所學(xué)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析，以幫助理解。如： She lives in the same _ she lived 27 years agoalthough in a more comfortable home. (四川卷)A. lifeB. city C. houseD. way六、先易后難法由于完形填空題是在一篇短文中挖去一些詞，且絕大多數(shù)是一些實(shí)詞，所以文章讀起來(lái)肯定有一些難度?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不能不分難易地把所有試題一次搞定，而應(yīng)嘗試使用先易

22、后難的方法。即順著文章思路，根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的理解，一邊讀一邊把容易做的、有把握的先做好，對(duì)于一時(shí)沒(méi)有把握的難題，可以暫時(shí)跳過(guò)去或初擬一個(gè)答案，說(shuō)不定后面會(huì)有對(duì)這道題的提示。把容易的做好后，文章空格也隨之減少，整篇文章的意思也就會(huì)變得更清晰，這時(shí)難題也許就會(huì)變?yōu)橐最}了。 例題分析Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. At first, the sky grew 1 all of a sudden.Within minutes, forks of lightening forced a way in the sky. Then it was 2 b

23、y the boom-boom-boom of 3 .A very strong wind blew into my room. My valuable notes 4 high into the air. I jumped up to 5 them but unluckily a few sheets 6 out of the open window. As I ran out to get the notes, big drops of rain begin to 7 .As soon as I ran into the house, the 8 begin to pour in wave

24、s. I 9 to close the windows. I did it but was wet all over. Then I heard a sudden loud 10 from the back of the house. A tree was broken.1. A. bright B. grey C. blue D. dark2. A. followed B. caused C. made D. brought3. A. rain B thunder C. wind D. storm4. A. threw B. jumped C. flew D. rose5. A. take

25、B. catch C.draw D. stop6. A. moved B. came C. ran D. sailed7. A. fall B. rain C. drop D. burst8. A. storm B. water C. wind D. rain9. A. walked B. fought C. went D. got10. A. explosion B. scream C. voice D. sound第三步 猜測(cè)難點(diǎn)、整體復(fù)查。 此篇文章中較難選的題有6 和9題 ，在第二步不能確定答案的情況下，可以在第三步完成?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)1. 此篇文章基本屬于同義、近義詞辨析型。以名詞和動(dòng)詞較

26、多。2 上下文中有很多信息詞和提示，所以也屬于根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)型3. 做題中要結(jié)合生活常識(shí)。2011年全國(guó)各地高考完形填空真題1.（2011·陜西卷）完形填空In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty（貧困）,and only the rich could manage without great _26_. Three of those rich men and their servants were_27_together on a road when they came to a very

27、_28_village.The first could not stand seeing the poverty, _29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四輪載重馬車(chē)) and shared _30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.The second rich man ,seeing the _31 situation, stopped for a short time and gave _32 all his

28、 food and drink, since he _33 see that money would be of little _34 to them. He made sure that they each _35 their fair share and would have enough food to _36 for some time . Then, he left.The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, _37 and went straight through the _38 without stopping. The two ot

29、her rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other_39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was _40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction . He was 42 travelling quickly, but

30、his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 ,were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 .He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.26. A. loss B. expectations C. success D. problems 27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running 28. A. faraway B. poor C. different D. ancie

31、nt 29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if 30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those 31. A. curious B. worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling 32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest 33. A. could B. might C. should D. must 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction 35. A. return

32、ed B. gained C. offered D. received 36.A.remain B. last C. supply D. share 37.A.turned back B. set out C. showed off D. speeded 38.A.village B. land C. field D. road 39.A.whether B. how C. where D. when 40.A.good B. certain C. true D. strange 41.A.welcomed B. met C. accepted D. persuaded 42.A.still

33、B. already C. always D. indeed 43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with 44.A. loading B. treasuring C. carrying D. earning 45.A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds 2.（2011·全國(guó)II）完形填空There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a

34、 lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_home from work in the evenings. A man will be_22_the newspaper, and seconds later it _23_ as if he is trying to _24_it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger_25_ next to him._26_ place where unplanned short sleep _27_ is in the lecture

35、 hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so _28_that the professor has to ask another student to_29_ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尷尬）situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the _30_ of the head pushes the arm off the_31_, and the movement carries the_32_ of the bod

36、y along. The student wakes up on the floor with no_33_ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when _34_ . Police reports are full of _35_ that occur when people fall into sleep and go_36_ the road. If the drivers are _37_ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, _38_ , went in

37、to the river. She woke up in four feet of _39_ and thought it was raining. When people are really _40_，nothing will stop them from falling asleep - no matter where they are.21.A. way B. track C. path D. road22.A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23.A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24.A.

38、 open B. eat C. find D. finish25.A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26.A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27.A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28.A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29.A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30.A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31.A. cushion B. de

39、sk C. shoulder D. book32.A. action B. position C. rest D. side33.A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34.A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35.A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36.A. up B. off C. along D. down37.A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38.A. in time B. at first C. as

40、 usual D. for example39.A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40.A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy閱讀理解解題技巧最近5年重慶高考英語(yǔ)閱讀特點(diǎn)：重慶英語(yǔ)高考閱讀理解采用40分制，共20題，2分一題。所以，閱讀，是英語(yǔ)考試的重頭戲。要想英語(yǔ)考試中拿高分，既快又好地完成閱讀是強(qiáng)力保證。速度和質(zhì)量，兩者缺一不可。通過(guò)對(duì)近五年高考英語(yǔ)試題分析，閱讀理解文章體裁依然是為故事記敘文、事物說(shuō)明文、觀點(diǎn)議論文、人物介紹文等。從難度上看，每一年的閱讀理解都有簡(jiǎn)單題，中等題和難題，其中，以中等題為主，且試題難度一般以遞增方

41、式呈現(xiàn)，有區(qū)分度。一般而言，每一年中都有兩篇閱讀理解偏難，特別是10年E篇第72題，難度大。就題型而言，主要有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、判斷推理題、主旨大意題、猜測(cè)詞義題、作者態(tài)度題、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題等，其中每一年的閱讀理解都以細(xì)節(jié)理解題最多。一、總述：1、 A選項(xiàng)與原文一致，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有與原文不一致的地方2、 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤，但是A選項(xiàng)比其他選項(xiàng)更好些3、 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與原文不完全一致，但是A選項(xiàng)相對(duì)好高考的簡(jiǎn)單題中，情況1不少；但高考難題中，情況2和3比較多。解題思路(1) 不要試圖從原文去“得到”答案，而是按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試題的固有規(guī)律，采用選項(xiàng)比較、找相對(duì)最好的答案。(2) 原文的作用：能很容易地告訴你哪

42、個(gè)選項(xiàng)是肯定不對(duì)的與原文一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒(méi)有的選項(xiàng)肯定不對(duì)，要排除掉；能告訴你哪些選項(xiàng)可能正確部分意思與原文沾邊的選項(xiàng)，留下來(lái)比較；原文很難告訴你哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)就肯定是正確答案，除非是極簡(jiǎn)單的個(gè)別題目或者你的英語(yǔ)能力超極高。(3)答案是比出來(lái)的，不是從原文中去得出來(lái)的：對(duì)比留下的選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)相對(duì)最好，而不是對(duì)比每個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文是否完全一致。解題技巧考場(chǎng)上快速選出答案是最重要的，這里說(shuō)一下考試中較多出現(xiàn)的，就是所有選項(xiàng)與原文都沾邊的情況。英語(yǔ)閱讀選項(xiàng)比較原則掌握這3個(gè)原則，基本可以將英語(yǔ)閱讀拿下！1、英語(yǔ)main idea（文章觀點(diǎn)）題型選項(xiàng)原則2、比較原則（A推B原則）：如果A選項(xiàng)能夠證明B選項(xiàng)成立，那么證

43、明B比A好，依次類(lèi)推，直接得出答案。注意：該原則只能用在選項(xiàng)有共同點(diǎn)，且待選選項(xiàng)都與原文沾邊，但是較難排除的情況3、虛實(shí)原則：答案中描述的范圍越大，表達(dá)的越虛幻，則更加正確，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)表述中越實(shí)在，表示他描述的越片面，哪怕和原文語(yǔ)句一致。有時(shí)A推B原則符合虛實(shí)原則下面我們看例題（07年北京卷）：例1：This passage is mainly about .ATeacher of the Year 2004 in the United States （描述一個(gè)老師）BMs Mellors English teaching instruction（他是英語(yǔ)老師）CMs Mellors teach

44、ing skills of learning English（教英語(yǔ)技巧的老師）Dpraises to Ms Mellor from other teachers（得到表?yè)P(yáng)的老師）我們看BCD選項(xiàng)都能證明A對(duì)（描述一個(gè)老師），那么就直接選A，我們不要管為什么，也不必從原文去驗(yàn)證。從虛實(shí)角度上說(shuō)，A的范圍最大，所以也選A。 例2：（題目不用看了）A. 如何使用幽默 B. 演講中加入幽默 C. 不同的幽默戰(zhàn)術(shù)ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是與原文沾邊的待選答案，那么按A推B原則，BC都可說(shuō)明A“如何使用幽默”，直接選A。例3：人們?cè)谧鰤?mèng)時(shí)，剛開(kāi)始都是好夢(mèng)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，這個(gè)好夢(mèng)會(huì)變成噩夢(mèng)A. 人在做夢(mèng)時(shí)，開(kāi)始

45、時(shí)都是好夢(mèng) B. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，好夢(mèng)會(huì)變成噩夢(mèng)答案都與原文一致，那么大家看由B可證明A成立，A成立則不能說(shuō)明B成立，那么直接選A上面應(yīng)用的是A推B原則，下面我們來(lái)看虛實(shí)原則：例4 This text is most probably written by _.A. a specialist in teenager studies B. a headmaster of a middle schoolC. a parent with teenage children D. a doctor for mental health problems看原文可知道只有A選項(xiàng)與原文沾邊，但是對(duì)原文不理解的話

46、，大家可看出A選項(xiàng)范圍最廣，含義最虛。英語(yǔ)main idea原則：判斷選項(xiàng)與原文沾邊與否排除后，大多可應(yīng)用虛實(shí)原則及A推B原則，如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)互為相反，則答案必為其中之一，其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)直接排除。具體講解：【細(xì)節(jié)理解題】做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題就是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問(wèn)題找答案”的方法，先從問(wèn)題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法外，還可以兼用排除法，將“無(wú)此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反

47、”的選項(xiàng)排除。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就需要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂貌殚喌姆椒凹记伞２殚喪窃谧x者對(duì)材料有所熟悉的情況下進(jìn)行的，它的特點(diǎn)是帶著問(wèn)題去尋求答案，它往往與略讀綜合使用。例如： The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled.In

48、 the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Money Fund.The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the

49、General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was formed after World War II.As time went by, is became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes. After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Ur

50、uguay Round finally give birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements, there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas

51、of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000, The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.45. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _.A. soon after World War II ended B. a little more than 50 years after Wor

52、ld War II C. just in the year 1994 D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk46. Compared with the GATT, the WTO _.A. didnt pay enough attention to services and intellectual propertyB. got its members to sign the agreements more easilyC. has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectivelyD. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade47. In the new century the WTO will _.A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary FundB. have more members and settle more problemsC. make complete new rul