新概念第二冊語法總結(jié)

1、1.被動語態(tài)（二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be donehave/has been donemust have been donedrive用法home/house2.介詞用法：見書3.復習there be句型it做為虛主語可以用來表示時間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個句子或不定式。4. Summary of Unit two5.并列句我們可以將幾個簡單句連在一起, 組成并列句, 常用以下連詞:and, but, so, yet, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor,not onlybutas well, not o

2、nlybut also主謂一致 :當主語由 and , bothand 連接時 , 通常用復數(shù)謂語 .Both the girls and the boy are his friends.當主語由neither nor, eitheror, not onlybut also或or連接時 ,謂語動詞與nor, or, but also后面的一致, 在英語語法中，這被稱為就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6.一般現(xiàn)在時的復習 , 狀態(tài)動詞

3、 , 標點符號的使用 .以下一些動詞很少用與進行時態(tài):appear( 看起來 ), appreciate(鑒賞 ), believe(相信 ), feel(感覺到), forget( 忘記 ), hear( 聽見 ), know( 知道 ), like( 喜歡 ), look like( 看起來像 ), notice( 注意到 ), remember( 記得 ), resemble( 形似 ),see( 看 到 ),think(認 為 ),understand(理 解 ),have( 擁有),love( 愛), seem( 看起來 ), show( 顯示 ), mind( 介意 ), soun

4、d( 聽起來 ), hate(討厭 ), detest(憎恨 ), desire(意欲 ),引號 :引號位于一行之上 , 應(yīng)該在句尾其他標點符號,如逗號 , 句號 , 問好之外.引語的第一個詞以大寫字母開頭.在 said, asked, 等詞后面用逗號 , 只有當它們位于句尾時才在它們后面用句號 .當 said, asked等詞置于引語之間時 , 句子的后半部分以小寫開頭.當一個新的說話人開始講話時,要另起一個段落 .7.復習一般過去時 / 不規(guī)則過去式和過去分詞常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞在英語里約有300 多個put up( 搭建 ), put out(撲滅 ), put on(穿上 )

5、, put sb. up(為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍 ), put down(抄寫 ), put off(推遲 ),put away(放好，放到一邊去)8.現(xiàn)在完成時復習/ 定語從句 ( 見復合句部分)l 與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間副詞 :yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never,so far(迄今為止),up tillnow(直到現(xiàn)在),up tonow(直到現(xiàn)在),since(自從 ), for a long time(很長時間), in the past/in thelast few years(在過去的幾年里 )

6、, these days(目前 ),l 某些非延續(xù)性動詞 ( 動作開始變終止的動詞 ), 在現(xiàn)在完成時中不 能與表示一段時間狀語搭配 :例如 :die,arrive,join,leave,go, refuse, fail,finish,buy,marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend,這些動詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時, 而是不能接由for引導的時間狀語.但是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用.Jane has gone away for a month. (wrong)Jane has been away for a mont

7、h.(right)His father has died for two years. (wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)has gone to (去了某地 , 指人還在那里 ), have been to (去過某地 ,人已經(jīng)不在那里了 ) 。9.一般過去時對比過去完成時, 現(xiàn)在分詞 / 過去分詞refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too10. 冠詞用法定冠詞用法(1) 特指(2) 地理名詞前加定冠詞l河流 the yellow riverl山脈the Alps, the Himala

8、yasl海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3) 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞l國名及政治組織名the United States, the UnitedKingdoml某些機構(gòu)學校及建筑名the British Museuml由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報刊雜志名the New York Times,the Times零冠詞1.街名2.廣場名3.車站,機場,公園,橋梁名: Kennedy Airport,Beijing Railway Station, LondonBridge4.大學名Yale University, Cambridge Un

9、iversity5.節(jié)日名National Day, May Day, News YearsDay6.多數(shù)雜志名Time, Readers Digest7.物質(zhì)名詞一般意義Water boils at 100 degrees. Wecan not live without air.8.抽象名詞Life is short. Art is difficult toappreciate.to do用法Used to do表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了I used to get up at seven oclock.Experience, save, very/too2. 比較級 / 最高級 , 比較狀

10、語從句（見復合句 - 比較狀語從句）A/one 的區(qū)別3. 介詞用法Passed/past, next/other4. 被動語態(tài)總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時 : is/am/are done一般過去時 : was/were done現(xiàn)在進行時 : is/am/are being done現(xiàn)在完成時 : have/has been done過去完成時 : had been done一般將來時 : will be done過去將來時 : would be done過去進行時 : was/were being done情態(tài)動詞 : can be done, must be done, could be done,

11、 may be done, might be done,情態(tài)動詞完成式 : can have been done,must have been done,couldhave been done, may have been done，might have been done,Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人),call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消 )5. 主語 +謂語 ( 感官動詞 )+doing 表示正在發(fā)生的事情 ,+do 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 .So/suchSo+adj. /adv.such+n.固定用法

12、： so many6. 一般將來時 will/be going to dowill/be going to do 一般情況下可以相互替換 , 但是要表示說話人決定做某事或者表示建議 , 請求 , 肯定或不肯定等含義時只能用 will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable7. 將來完成時Hold/look, look forward to(期望 ), look out(當心 ), look up (查詢,), look sb. up(拜訪某人 )if /though+虛擬語氣 ,過去完成時總結(jié)asif/though常 在 描 述 行 為 的 動 詞 后

13、面 使 用 ,如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound,后面要用虛擬語氣He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.Nosooner than,hardly when,country/countryside,continuously, continually,No sooner than 一就與過去完成時連用I

14、had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果 no sooner放在句首 ,主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly when 幾乎沒來得及就與過去完成時連用He had hardly got the money when the

15、 policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果 hardly when 放在句首 ,主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9. 直接引語變間接引語1. 引語前用 that, 口語中可以省略2. 根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q3. 時態(tài)變化 : 一般現(xiàn)在時 - 一般過去時 ,

16、一般過去時 - 過去完成時 ,一般將來時 - 過去將來時 ,現(xiàn)在進行時 - 過去進行時 ,現(xiàn)在完成時 - 過去完成時 , can-could, may-might, must-had to,4. 一些指示代詞及表示地點及時間的詞this-that,these-those, now-then, today,tonight-thatday,that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before,the previousday, lastweek- the week before,two days ago-twodays before(ea

17、rlier),tomorrow-the next (following)day,nextweek-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了，比如在同一天說的話.She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.幾種特殊的間接引語n特殊疑問句 ,語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序“Where areyou going? ” he asked.He asked me where I was going.n一般疑問句 ,要

18、加 if/whether“Will you come tomorrow? ” he asked. He asked if I would come the next day.n祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?, 所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇“Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動詞 : advise,ask, beg, command(命令 ),order,warn, tell,urge( 催促 ), invite, persuade, remind, forbid10. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法 , make/do對現(xiàn)在