2019年CATTI二級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題及參考答案

1、2019年CATTI二級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題及參考答案【第一篇】Sowherethereisfinancialconnection,weseethatrapidimprovementsinqualityoflifecanquicklyfollow.Inourmoderncontext,thereareseveralimportantchannelstoachievingthisgreaterfinancialconnectivity.Iwanttohighlighttwotoday:increasedcapitalmobilityandincreasedfinancialinclusion.Firs

2、t,enablingcapitaltoflowmorefreely.Allowingcapitaltoflowacrossborderscanhelpsupportinclusivegrowth.Rightnow,foreigndirectinvestmentFDIisonly1.9percentofGDPindevelopingcountries.Beforetheglobalfinancialcrisis,itwasat2.5percent.Makingprogressonmajorinfrastructureneedswillrequirecapitalflowstoriseagaina

3、ndtobemanagedsafely.Greateropennesstocapitalflowscanalsobringdownthecostoffinance,improvetheefficiencyofthefinancialsector,andallowcapitaltosupportproductiveinvestmentsandnewjobs.Challengesthatcomewithopeningupcapitalmarkets.Thankfully,weknowfromexperiencetheelementsthatarerequiredforsuccess.Thesein

4、cludesoundfinancialregulation,transparentrulesforinvestment,andattentiontofiscalsustainability.Wealsoneedincreasedfinancialinclusion.Afewnumbers:closetohalfoftheadultpopulationinlowandmiddle-incomeAsia-Pacificeconomiesdonothaveabankaccount.Lessthan10percenthaveeverborrowedfromafinancialinstitution.A

5、ndyet,weknowthatclosingthefinancegapisanaeconomicmust-have”fornationstothriveinthe21stcentury.IMFanalysisshowsthatiftheleastfinanciallyinclusivecountriesinAsianarrowedthefinancegaptothelevelofThailandanemergingmarketeconomy-thepovertyrateinthosecountriescouldbereducedbynearly4percent.Howcanwegetther

6、e?Inpart,throughpoliciesthatenablemorewomenandruralcitizenstoaccessfinancialservices.Thefinancialgendergapforwomenindevelopingcountriesisabout9percentandhasremainedlargelyunchangedsince2011.Thereisnosilverbullet,butweknowthatfintechcanplayacatalyzingrole.InCambodia,forexample,strongpublic-privatepar

7、tnershipsinsupportingmobilefinancehasledtoatriplinginthenumberofmicro-financialinstitutionssince2011.Theseinstitutionshavenowprovidedloanstoover2millionnewborrowers,representingnearly20percentoftheadultpopulation.Manyofthesecitizenshadneverhadabankaccount.Nowtheycansaveforthefutureandperhapsevenstar

8、tabusinessoftheirown.Theseareideasthatcanworkeverywhere.Butcountrieshavetobewillingtopartnerandlearnfromeachother.ThatisoneofthemajorreasonswhylastOctober,theIMFandWorldBanklaunchedtheBaliFintechAgenda.Theagendalaysoutkeyprinciplesfromdevelopingfinancialmarketstosafeguardingfinancialintegritythatcan

9、helpeachnationasitstrivesforgreaterfinancialinclusion.【第一篇參考答案】哪里形成了金融聯(lián)系，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳钯|(zhì)量就會(huì)很快改善。在現(xiàn)代背景下，更深層次的金融互聯(lián)互通可以通過(guò)幾個(gè)重要渠道來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。我今天想強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)渠道：加強(qiáng)資本流動(dòng)和改善金融包容性。第一、確保資本更自由地流動(dòng)。允許資本跨境流動(dòng)能幫助支持包容性增長(zhǎng)。目前，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的外國(guó)直接投資（FDI）僅占GDP的1.9%;而在全球金融危機(jī)之前，這個(gè)數(shù)字是2.5%。為推進(jìn)主要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)進(jìn)展，需要再次增加資本流動(dòng)規(guī)模，并以安全的方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行管理。對(duì)資本流動(dòng)更加開(kāi)放也能降低融資成本，提高金融部門效率，允許

10、資本支持生產(chǎn)性投資和新增就業(yè)。資本市場(chǎng)開(kāi)放帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲悉了成功所需的要素，包括完善的金融監(jiān)管、透明的投資規(guī)則以及關(guān)注財(cái)政可持續(xù)性。我們還需要改善金融包容性。這里列舉幾個(gè)數(shù)字：亞太地區(qū)中低收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體近一半的成年人口沒(méi)有銀行賬戶。曾向金融機(jī)構(gòu)借款的人口比重不到10%。然而我們知道，各國(guó)若要在21世紀(jì)繁榮發(fā)展，彌合金融缺口是一項(xiàng)“必須完成的經(jīng)濟(jì)任務(wù)”。國(guó)際貨幣基金組織的分析表明，如果亞洲金融包容性最弱的國(guó)家將金融缺口縮窄至泰國(guó)（一個(gè)新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體）的水平，這些國(guó)家的貧困率能降低近4%如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)？一方面，制定能使更多婦女和農(nóng)村居民獲得金融服務(wù)的政策。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，婦女面臨

11、的金融性別缺口約為9%,且自2011年來(lái)基本保持不變。這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有根治的良方，但我們知道金融科技能發(fā)揮催化作用。例如，柬埔寨通過(guò)強(qiáng)有力的公私合作關(guān)系支持移動(dòng)金融發(fā)展，自2011年來(lái)微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)量增加了兩倍。目前，這些機(jī)構(gòu)已向200多萬(wàn)個(gè)新借款者提供貸款，占成年人口的比重接近20%,這些公民很多從未開(kāi)立銀行賬戶。現(xiàn)在，他們可以通過(guò)儲(chǔ)蓄規(guī)劃未來(lái)，甚至也許可以自行創(chuàng)業(yè)。這些理念適用于所有國(guó)家，但這些國(guó)家必須有意愿開(kāi)展合作并相互學(xué)習(xí)。這就是國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行去年10月啟動(dòng)“巴厘島金融科技議程”的主要原因之一。該議程闡述的核心原則一一從發(fā)展金融市場(chǎng)到維護(hù)金融誠(chéng)信一一能幫助所有國(guó)家，因?yàn)槠渲荚?/p>

12、改善金融包容性。【翻譯：許由太，未經(jīng)許可，不準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)載】【第二篇】NASAisgoingtopretendadeadlyasteroidisonitsway,topractiseforarealone.The“tabletopexercisewillallowthespaceagencyandtheothergovernmentorganisationsthatwillbetaskedwithrespondingtosuchaneventtosimulatetheirresponse,aheadofthepossibilityofarealexample.Thescenariowillseeave

13、ryrealisticbutnonethelessfictionaldisaster,inwhichanasteroidwillbeheadedforEarth.ThescenariohasbeendevelopedbyoneoftheNASAorganisationstaskedwithstudyingsuchnear-earthobjects,orNEOs.Suchexercisesareusedacrossthedisasterresponsesector,toensurethattherealresponsesareasfastandeffectiveaspossible.“These

14、exerciseshavereallyhelpedusintheplanetarydefensecommunitytounderstandwhatourcolleaguesonthedisastermanagementsideneedtoknow,“saidLindleyJohnson,NASAsPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.Thisexercisewillhelpusdevelopmoreeffectivecommunicationswitheachotherandwithourgovernments.NASAandotherorganisationshavespentmo

15、rethan20yearsscanningtheskiesforNEOs,lookingforasteroidsandcometsthatcomewithin30millionmilesofEarthsorbit.GroupssuchasNASAsPlanetaryDefenseCoordinationOfficeaswellastheEuropeanSpaceAgencysSpaceSituationalAwareness-NEOSegmentandtheInternationalAsteroidWarningNetworkhavebeenworkingtobettercommunicate

16、thedangerthatsuchobjectsposetoEarth.Thereisnostrictscriptinsuchanexercise.Instead,itwillbeusedtotestouthowNEOobservers,spaceagencyofficials,emergencymanagers,decisionmakersandcitizenswouldrespondtothethreatofanimpact.Thosetakingpartwilldiscusspossiblepreparations:howtheywouldexploretheasteroid,worko

17、utthebestwaysofdeflectingitanddealingwithitsimpacteffects.NASAhasalreadyparticipatedinsuchexercises,workingonsomewiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgency.Thoseexercisesbroughtrepresentativesfromavarietyofdifferentfederalagencies,includingthedepartmentsofDefenseandState.Previousexercisesshowedthatthef

18、ocusofemergencymanagementofficialswasnotonscientificdetails.Instead,theyjustwanttoknowwhen,whereandhowanasteroidwillhittheEarth,aswellaswhatsortofdamageisdone.NASAcontinuestoworkonthatscience,however,inanattempttobetterimprovehumanitysability。predicttheexactlocationandeffectsofanyimpact.“NASAandFEMA

19、willcontinuetoconductperiodicexerciseswithacontinuallywideningcommunityofUSgovernmentagenciesandinternationalpartners,saidLeviticusLewisoftheResponseOperationsDivisionforFEMA.TheyareagreatwayforustolearnhowtoworktogetherandmeeteachothersneedsandtheobjectiveslaidoutintheWhiteHouseNationalNEOPreparednessActionPlan.”【第二篇參考答案】美國(guó)航空航天局計(jì)劃模擬一顆致命小行星來(lái)襲的場(chǎng)景，進(jìn)行應(yīng)急演練。這項(xiàng)“桌面演練”，將為美國(guó)航空航天局及其他負(fù)責(zé)應(yīng)對(duì)此類事件的政府機(jī)構(gòu)針對(duì)可能發(fā)生的撞擊事件，進(jìn)行應(yīng)急模擬。在模擬災(zāi)難場(chǎng)景中，有一顆小行星即將撞擊地球，該災(zāi)難情景雖虛構(gòu)，卻十分逼真。該模擬場(chǎng)景為美國(guó)航空航天局一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)研究近地天體(NEOs)的機(jī)構(gòu)研發(fā)。在災(zāi)難應(yīng)對(duì)界進(jìn)行此類演練，是為了確保他們?cè)谡鎸?shí)反應(yīng)既快速又高效?！斑@些演練，為行星防御界理解災(zāi)難管理工作人員的應(yīng)知事項(xiàng)，提供了實(shí)實(shí)在在地幫助，”美國(guó)航空航天局行星撞擊防御官員林德利約翰遜(Li